Child Soldiers Prevention Act: Difference between revisions
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The law was also intended to prevent [[arms industry|arms trade]] by the United States with suspected countries, although the president may waive this rule for specific countries in the [[national interest]]. President [[Barack Obama]] most recently waived the application of this rule in September 2016 to Burma, Iraq, and Nigeria, and partly to Somalia, South Sudan, Rwanda and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/29/president-obama-fails-child-soldiers |title=President Obama Fails Child Soldiers |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/28/presidential-determinations-respect-child-soldiers-prevention-act-2008 |title=Presidential Determinations with Respect to the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, and Delegation of Authority Under Section 404(c) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 |publisher=[[White House]]}}</ref> |
The law was also intended to prevent [[arms industry|arms trade]] by the United States with suspected countries, although the president may waive this rule for specific countries in the [[national interest]]. President [[Barack Obama]] most recently waived the application of this rule in September 2016 to Burma, Iraq, and Nigeria, and partly to Somalia, South Sudan, Rwanda and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/29/president-obama-fails-child-soldiers |title=President Obama Fails Child Soldiers |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/28/presidential-determinations-respect-child-soldiers-prevention-act-2008 |title=Presidential Determinations with Respect to the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, and Delegation of Authority Under Section 404(c) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 |publisher=[[White House]]}}</ref> |
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== List == |
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[[File:CSPA list (2017).svg|thumb|300px|right|Countries listed in 2017]] |
[[File:CSPA list (2017).svg|thumb|300px|right|Countries listed in 2017]] |
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In 2015, eight countries were listed in the [[Trafficking in Persons Report]] as having governmental armed forces or government-supported armed groups that recruit and use child soldiers: [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nigeria]], [[Somalia]], [[South Sudan]], [[Sudan]], [[Syria]], and [[Yemen]].<ref name="2015 list">{{cite web|title=Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2015)|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/245236.htm|publisher=United States Department of State|accessdate=November 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122014754/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/245236.htm|archivedate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> In 2016, [[Iraq]] and [[Rwanda]] were added to the list, increasing the total number of countries listed to ten.<ref name="2016 list">{{cite web|title=Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2016)|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2016/258691.htm|publisher=United States Department of State|accessdate=November 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122012614/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2016/258691.htm|archivedate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> In 2017, Iraq; Myanmar; and Rwanda were removed from the list while [[Mali]] was added, leaving the total number of countries listed at eight.<ref name="2017 list">{{cite web|title=Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2017)|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271111.htm|publisher=United States Department of State|accessdate=November 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122010551/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271111.htm|archivedate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> |
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On November 20, 2017, [[Reuters]] reported that a [[United States Department of State]] memo said that [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Rex Tillerson]] breached the CSPA when he decided in June to exclude Afghanistan, Iraq, and Myanmar from the list altogether.<ref name="Szep">{{cite web|last1=Szep|first1=Jason|last2=Spetalnick|first2=Matt|title=Exclusive - State Dept. revolt: Tillerson accused of violating U.S. law on child soldiers|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tillerson-childsoldiers/exclusive-state-dept-revolt-tillerson-accused-of-violating-u-s-law-on-child-soldiers-idUSKBN1DL0EA|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 20, 2017|location=Washington|date=November 20, 2017}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 01:52, 22 November 2017
  | This article relating to law in the United States or its constituent jurisdictions is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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| Acronyms (colloquial) | CSPA |
|---|---|
| Enacted by | the 110th United States Congress |
| Effective | December 23, 2008 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | 110–457 (Title IV) |
| Legislative history | |
| |
The Child Soldier Prevention Act (CSPA) is a United States federal statute signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 23, 2008.[1] The law criminalizes leading a military force which recruits child soldiers. The law's definition of child soldiers includes "any person under 18 years of age who takes a direct part in hostilities as a member of governmental armed forces."
The law was also intended to prevent arms trade by the United States with suspected countries, although the president may waive this rule for specific countries in the national interest. President Barack Obama most recently waived the application of this rule in September 2016 to Burma, Iraq, and Nigeria, and partly to Somalia, South Sudan, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2][3]
List
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In 2015, eight countries were listed in the Trafficking in Persons Report as having governmental armed forces or government-supported armed groups that recruit and use child soldiers: Democratic Republic of Congo, Myanmar, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen.[4] In 2016, Iraq and Rwanda were added to the list, increasing the total number of countries listed to ten.[5] In 2017, Iraq; Myanmar; and Rwanda were removed from the list while Mali was added, leaving the total number of countries listed at eight.[6]
On November 20, 2017, Reuters reported that a United States Department of State memo said that Secretary of State Rex Tillerson breached the CSPA when he decided in June to exclude Afghanistan, Iraq, and Myanmar from the list altogether.[7]
See also
References
- ^ "The Child Soldier Prevention Act of 2008" (PDF). US State Department.
- ^ "President Obama Fails Child Soldiers". Human Rights Watch.
- ^ "Presidential Determinations with Respect to the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, and Delegation of Authority Under Section 404(c) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008". White House.
- ^ "Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2015)". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on November 22, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
- ^ "Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2016)". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on November 22, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
- ^ "Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2017)". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on November 22, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
- ^ Szep, Jason; Spetalnick, Matt (November 20, 2017). "Exclusive - State Dept. revolt: Tillerson accused of violating U.S. law on child soldiers". Washington: Reuters. Retrieved November 20, 2017.