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The law was also intended to prevent [[arms industry|arms trade]] by the United States with suspected countries, although the president may waive this rule for specific countries in the [[national interest]]. President [[Barack Obama]] most recently waived the application of this rule in September 2016 to Burma, Iraq, and Nigeria, and partly to Somalia, South Sudan, Rwanda and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/29/president-obama-fails-child-soldiers |title=President Obama Fails Child Soldiers |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/28/presidential-determinations-respect-child-soldiers-prevention-act-2008 |title=Presidential Determinations with Respect to the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, and Delegation of Authority Under Section 404(c) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 |publisher=[[White House]]}}</ref>
The law was also intended to prevent [[arms industry|arms trade]] by the United States with suspected countries, although the president may waive this rule for specific countries in the [[national interest]]. President [[Barack Obama]] most recently waived the application of this rule in September 2016 to Burma, Iraq, and Nigeria, and partly to Somalia, South Sudan, Rwanda and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/29/president-obama-fails-child-soldiers |title=President Obama Fails Child Soldiers |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/28/presidential-determinations-respect-child-soldiers-prevention-act-2008 |title=Presidential Determinations with Respect to the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, and Delegation of Authority Under Section 404(c) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 |publisher=[[White House]]}}</ref>

⚫
On November 20, 2017, [[Reuters]] reported that a [[United States Department of State]] memo said that [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Rex Tillerson]] breached the CSPA when he decided in June to exclude Afghanistan, Iraq, and Myanmar from the list altogether.<ref name="Szep">{{cite web|last1=Szep|first1=Jason|last2=Spetalnick|first2=Matt|title=Exclusive - State Dept. revolt: Tillerson accused of violating U.S. law on child soldiers|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tillerson-childsoldiers/exclusive-state-dept-revolt-tillerson-accused-of-violating-u-s-law-on-child-soldiers-idUSKBN1DL0EA|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 20, 2017|location=Washington|date=November 20, 2017}}</ref>


== List ==
== List ==
{| class="navbox"
[[File:CSPA list (2017).svg|thumb|300px|right|Countries listed in 2017]]
!colspan="11"| Timeline of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act list
In 2015, eight countries were listed in the [[Trafficking in Persons Report]] as having governmental armed forces or government-supported armed groups that recruit and use child soldiers: [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nigeria]], [[Somalia]], [[South Sudan]], [[Sudan]], [[Syria]], and [[Yemen]].<ref name="2015 list">{{cite web|title=Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2015)|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/245236.htm|publisher=United States Department of State|accessdate=November 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122014754/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/245236.htm|archivedate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> In 2016, [[Iraq]] and [[Rwanda]] were added to the list, increasing the total number of countries listed to ten.<ref name="2016 list">{{cite web|title=Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2016)|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2016/258691.htm|publisher=United States Department of State|accessdate=November 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122012614/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2016/258691.htm|archivedate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> In 2017, Iraq; Myanmar; and Rwanda were removed from the list while [[Mali]] was added, leaving the total number of countries listed at eight.<ref name="2017 list">{{cite web|title=Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2017)|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271111.htm|publisher=United States Department of State|accessdate=November 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122010551/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271111.htm|archivedate=November 22, 2017}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#F0F0F0
| colspan="8" width="25%" | 2010s
|- bgcolor=#F0F0F0
| width="2%" | 0 || width="2%" | 1 || width="2%" | 2 || width="2%" | 3 || width="2%" | 4 || width="2%" | 5 || width="2%" | 6 || width="2%" | 7
<!--Central African Republic-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Central African Republic}}
| colspan="3" |
<!--Democratic Republic of Congo-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}
<!--Iraq-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="6" |
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Iraq}}
| colspan="1" |
<!--Mali-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="7" |
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Mali}}
<!--Myanmar-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Myanmar}}
| colspan="1" |
<!--Rwanda-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Rwanda}}
| colspan="1" |
| colspan="1" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Rwanda}}
| colspan="1" |
<!--Somalia-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Somalia}}
<!--South Sudan-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|South Sudan}}
<!--Sudan-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Sudan}}
<!--Syria-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Syria}}
<!--Yemen-->
|- bgcolor=#E0E0E0
| colspan="4" |
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" | {{flag|Yemen}}
|}


Sources:
⚫
On November 20, 2017, [[Reuters]] reported that a [[United States Department of State]] memo said that [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Rex Tillerson]] breached the CSPA when he decided in June to exclude Afghanistan, Iraq, and Myanmar from the list altogether.<ref name="Szep">{{cite web|last1=Szep|first1=Jason|last2=Spetalnick|first2=Matt|title=Exclusive - State Dept. revolt: Tillerson accused of violating U.S. law on child soldiers|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tillerson-childsoldiers/exclusive-state-dept-revolt-tillerson-accused-of-violating-u-s-law-on-child-soldiers-idUSKBN1DL0EA|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 20, 2017|location=Washington|date=November 20, 2017}}</ref>
* [https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2014/226646.htm Topics of Special Interest (2014)]
* [https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/245236.htm Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2015)]
* [https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2016/258691.htm Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2016)]
* [https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271111.htm Child Soldiers Prevention Act List (2017)]


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 02:17, 22 November 2017

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Child Soldiers Prevention Act
Great Seal of the United States
Acronyms (colloquial)CSPA
Enacted bythe 110th United States Congress
EffectiveDecember 23, 2008
Citations
Public law110–457 (Title IV)
Legislative history

The Child Soldier Prevention Act (CSPA) is a United States federal statute signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 23, 2008.[1] The law criminalizes leading a military force which recruits child soldiers. The law's definition of child soldiers includes "any person under 18 years of age who takes a direct part in hostilities as a member of governmental armed forces."

The law was also intended to prevent arms trade by the United States with suspected countries, although the president may waive this rule for specific countries in the national interest. President Barack Obama most recently waived the application of this rule in September 2016 to Burma, Iraq, and Nigeria, and partly to Somalia, South Sudan, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2][3]

On November 20, 2017, Reuters reported that a United States Department of State memo said that Secretary of State Rex Tillerson breached the CSPA when he decided in June to exclude Afghanistan, Iraq, and Myanmar from the list altogether.[4]

List

Timeline of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act list
2010s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 Central African Republic
 Democratic Republic of Congo
 Iraq
 Mali
 Myanmar
 Rwanda  Rwanda
 Somalia
 South Sudan
 Sudan
 Syria
 Yemen

Sources:

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Child Soldier Prevention Act of 2008" (PDF). US State Department.
  2. ^ "President Obama Fails Child Soldiers". Human Rights Watch.
  3. ^ "Presidential Determinations with Respect to the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, and Delegation of Authority Under Section 404(c) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008". White House.
  4. ^ Szep, Jason; Spetalnick, Matt (November 20, 2017). "Exclusive - State Dept. revolt: Tillerson accused of violating U.S. law on child soldiers". Washington: Reuters. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
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