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| name = City Circle
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| routes = [[Airport, Inner West & South Line|T2 Inner West & Leppington Line]]<br />[[Bankstown Line|T3 Bankstown Line]]<br />[[Airport & South Line|T8 Airport & South Line]]
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{{Sydney Trains City Circle}}
{{Sydney Trains City Circle}}
The '''City Circle''' is a mostly-underground [[Rapid transit|subway]] and rail system located in the [[Sydney central business district]], in [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], that make the core of the Sydney's passenger rail network. The lines are owned by [[RailCorp]], a [[Government of New South Wales|State government]] agency, and operated under [[Transport for New South Wales|Transport for NSW]]'s [[Sydney Trains]] brand. Despite its name, the City Circle is of a horseshoe shape, with trains operating in a U-shaped pattern. The constituent stations of the Circle are (clockwise): [[Central railway station, Sydney|Central]], [[Town Hall railway station|Town Hall]], [[Wynyard railway station, Sydney|Wynyard]], [[Circular Quay railway station|Circular Quay]], [[St James railway station, Sydney|St James]], [[Museum railway station|Museum]] and back to Central.
The '''City Circle''' is a mostly-underground railway line located in the [[Sydney central business district]], in [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], that make the core of the Sydney's passenger rail network. The lines are owned by [[RailCorp]], a [[Government of New South Wales|State government]] agency, and operated under [[Transport for New South Wales|Transport for NSW]]'s [[Sydney Trains]] brand. Despite its name, the City Circle is of a horseshoe shape, with trains operating in a U-shaped pattern. The constituent stations of the Circle are (clockwise): [[Central railway station, Sydney|Central]], [[Town Hall railway station|Town Hall]], [[Wynyard railway station, Sydney|Wynyard]], [[Circular Quay railway station|Circular Quay]], [[St James railway station, Sydney|St James]], [[Museum railway station|Museum]] and back to Central.


==History and description==
==History and description==
Line 66: Line 60:
The original concept for the City Railway was part of a report dated 1915 submitted to the government by chief railway engineer, [[John Bradfield (engineer)|John Bradfield]], upon his return from overseas study,<ref>{{cite journal |title=50 Years – A Long Time |author=Wylie, R. F. |journal=[[Australian Railway History|Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin]] |date=June 1971 |pages=140-143 }}</ref> with work commencing the following year. His concepts were largely based on the [[New York City Subway]], which he observed during his time in [[New York City]].
The original concept for the City Railway was part of a report dated 1915 submitted to the government by chief railway engineer, [[John Bradfield (engineer)|John Bradfield]], upon his return from overseas study,<ref>{{cite journal |title=50 Years – A Long Time |author=Wylie, R. F. |journal=[[Australian Railway History|Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin]] |date=June 1971 |pages=140-143 }}</ref> with work commencing the following year. His concepts were largely based on the [[New York City Subway]], which he observed during his time in [[New York City]].


Built in stages, the first City Circle stations to open were the [[New South Wales State Heritage Register|heritage-listed]]<ref name=oeh>{{cite NSW SHR|4801092|Museum railway station}}</ref> Museum and St James, which both opened in 1926 as part of the initial electrification of Sydney railways. Next was the "western limb" through Town Hall and Wynyard, which opened in 1932 in conjunction with the opening of the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]]. This section contains four tunnels. Two connected to the Harbour Bridge, while the two City Circle tunnels terminated at Wynyard. In 1956 the dead ends at St. James and Wynyard were joined and the "missing link", Circular Quay – was opened. Central and Circular Quay stations are above-ground (Circular Quay is elevated, directly underneath the [[Cahill Expressway]]), while the remainder are underground. Several unused railway tunnels also exist. The former tram tunnels at Wynyard, and other stub tunnels at St James are well known.
Built in stages, the first City Circle stations to open were the [[New South Wales State Heritage Register|heritage-listed]]<ref name=oeh>{{cite NSW SHR|4801092|Museum railway station}}</ref> Museum and St James, which both opened in 1926 as part of the initial electrification of Sydney railways. Next was the "western limb" through Town Hall and Wynyard, which opened in 1932 in conjunction with the opening of the [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]]. This section contains four tunnels. Two connected to the Harbour Bridge, while the two City Circle tunnels terminated at Wynyard. In 1956 the dead ends at St. James and Wynyard were joined and the "missing link", Circular Quay – was opened. Central and Circular Quay stations are above-ground (Circular Quay is elevated, directly underneath the [[Cahill Expressway]]), while the remainder are underground. Several unused railway tunnels also exist. The former tram tunnels at Wynyard, and other stub tunnels at St James are well known.


==Services and operations==
==Services and operations==
The current service patterns generally consist of trains from the [[Airport, Inner West & South Line|Airport, Inner West & South]] lines operating around the City Circle in a clockwise manner via Town Hall station and proceed towards the [[Sydney Airport]] [[International railway station, Sydney|international]] and [[Domestic railway station, Sydney|domestic]] railway stations. This track is known as the "City Outer". Trains from the [[Bankstown railway line]] generally operate around the City Circle in an anti-clockwise manner via Museum station and proceed onto the Airport, Inner West & South lines (using the "City Inner" track). A set of [[flying junction]]s at Central enable this pattern to be varied.
The current service patterns generally consist of trains from the [[Bankstown Line|Bankstown]] & [Inner West & Leppington Line|Inner West & Leppington]] lines operating around the City Circle in a clockwise manner via Town Hall station. This track is known as the "City Outer". Trains from the [[Airport & South Line]] generally operate around the City Circle in an anti-clockwise manner via Museum station (using the "City Inner" track). A set of [[flying junction]]s at Central enable this pattern to be varied.


Prior to the integration of the [[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra railway line|Eastern Suburbs line]] into the [[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra railway line|Illawarra Line]] in 1980, Illawarra line trains also operated around the City Circle.
Prior to the integration of the [[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra railway line|Eastern Suburbs line]] into the [[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra railway line|Illawarra Line]] in 1980, Illawarra line trains also operated around the City Circle.


Trains on the [[Western railway line, Sydney|Western]] and [[Northern railway line, Sydney|Northern]] lines usually do not proceed around the City Circle but instead proceed across the Harbour Bridge to the [[North Shore railway line|North Shore line]] and vice versa. During weekend trackwork, trains from the City Circle may go to Penrith/Richmond, Cronulla/Waterfall or Epping/Hornsby via Strathfield.
Trains on the [[Western railway line, Sydney|Western]] and [[Northern railway line, Sydney|Northern]] lines usually do not proceed around the City Circle but instead proceed across the Harbour Bridge to the [[North Shore railway line|North Shore line]] and vice versa.

In 2005, when CityRail completed its most recent estimate of station boardings, the City Circle accounted for 221,160 weekday entries and exits, equivalent to over 55&nbsp;million annual trips.<ref name="city riders">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080720093455/http://transport.nsw.gov.au/abouttrans/Region-9.pdf Region 9] ''Ministry of Transport'' Retrieved 2008-08-06</ref>

It operates a service every 3 to 5 minutes during peak hours, 6 minutes at other times and 8 to 10 minutes on weekends.


===Stations===
===Stations===
The line has six stations.
The line currently has six operating stations. Two stations have platforms that allow for additional capacity, namely St James and Wynyard stations.


{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" id="toc"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" id="toc"
!rowspan=2|Name
!rowspan=2|Name
!rowspan=2|Code</font>
!rowspan=2|Code
!colspan=2|Distance from<br/>Central (km)
!colspan=2|Distance from<br/>Central (km)
!rowspan=2|Opened
!rowspan=2|Opened
!rowspan=2|Railway line
!rowspan=2|Serving suburbs
!rowspan=2|Other lines
!rowspan=2|Notes
!rowspan=2|Notes
|-
|-
Line 95: Line 82:
| [[mile|mi]]
| [[mile|mi]]
|-
|-
!colspan=9 style=background:#{{CityRail color|Airport and East Hills}}|[[File:T2 Sydney logo.png|20px]]&nbsp;<span style="color:white;">City Circle {{small|([[clockwise]])}}</span>
|-
|-
|'''[[Central railway station, Sydney|Central]]'''
|'''[[Central railway station, Sydney|Central]]'''
Line 101: Line 87:
|{{convert|0|km|mi|disp=table}}
|{{convert|0|km|mi|disp=table}}
|28 February 1855
|28 February 1855
|rowspan=7|{{bulleted list|{{Airport, Inner West & South line}}|{{Bankstown line}} }}
|Central, Strawberry Hills<br />Ultimo, Surry Hills, Haymarket
|{{North Shore, Northern & Western line}}<br />{{Eastern suburbs & Illawarra line}}<br />[[NSW TrainLink]]
|<ref>Bozier, Rolfe, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20020613171622/http://www.triode.net.au/~rolfeb/nsw/codes.php3 "New South Wales Railways: NSW Station Codes"]''. Retrieved 19 June 2002.</ref><ref name="ESR1" /><ref name="IL1">Sourced from Forsyth, J.H. (ed.) (1988–93), ''Stations & Tracks''; Vol. 1: "Main Suburban & Branches – Illawarra & Branches". State Rail Authority of New South Wales: Sydney, pp. 42–44, 101–128, 206–208 ''passim'', except where noted.</ref>
|<ref>Bozier, Rolfe, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20020613171622/http://www.triode.net.au/~rolfeb/nsw/codes.php3 "New South Wales Railways: NSW Station Codes"]''. Retrieved 19 June 2002.</ref><ref name="ESR1" /><ref name="IL1">Sourced from Forsyth, J.H. (ed.) (1988–93), ''Stations & Tracks''; Vol. 1: "Main Suburban & Branches – Illawarra & Branches". State Rail Authority of New South Wales: Sydney, pp. 42–44, 101–128, 206–208 ''passim'', except where noted.</ref>
|-
|-
Line 110: Line 93:
|{{convert|1.21|km|mi|disp=table}}
|{{convert|1.21|km|mi|disp=table}}
|28 February 1932
|28 February 1932
|Sydney, Darling Harbour
|{{North Shore, Northern & Western line}}<br />{{Eastern suburbs & Illawarra line}}<br />NSW TrainLink*<br /><small>*peak hours and weekends only</small>
|<ref name="ESR1">The Eastern Suburbs Railway platforms for Town Hall and Central stations opened 23 June 1979. Cited in Forsyth, J.H. (ed.) (1988–93), ''Stations & Tracks''; Vol. 1: "Main Suburban & Branches – Illawarra & Branches". State Rail Authority of New South Wales: Sydney, pp. 42–43.</ref>
|<ref name="ESR1">The Eastern Suburbs Railway platforms for Town Hall and Central stations opened 23 June 1979. Cited in Forsyth, J.H. (ed.) (1988–93), ''Stations & Tracks''; Vol. 1: "Main Suburban & Branches – Illawarra & Branches". State Rail Authority of New South Wales: Sydney, pp. 42–43.</ref>
|-
|-
Line 118: Line 99:
|{{convert|2.05|km|mi|disp=table}}
|{{convert|2.05|km|mi|disp=table}}
|23 June 1979
|23 June 1979
|Kings Cross, Rushcutters Bay
|NSW TrainLink*<br /><small>*peak hours and weekends only</small>
|<ref>[http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Wynyard Wynyard Station] NSWrail.net</ref>
|<ref>[http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Wynyard Wynyard Station] NSWrail.net</ref>
|-
|-
Line 126: Line 105:
|{{convert|2.97|km|mi|disp=table}}
|{{convert|2.97|km|mi|disp=table}}
|22 January 1956
|22 January 1956
⚫
|<ref>[http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Circular+Quay Circular Quay Station] NSWrail.net</ref>
|Sydney CBD
|NSW TrainLink*<br /><small>*peak hours and weekends only</small>
⚫
|.<ref>[http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Circular+Quay Circular Quay Station] NSWrail.net</ref>
|-
|-
|'''[[St James railway station, Sydney|St James]]'''
|'''[[St James railway station, Sydney|St James]]'''
Line 134: Line 111:
|{{convert|4.4|km|mi|disp=table}}
|{{convert|4.4|km|mi|disp=table}}
|20 December 1926
|20 December 1926
|Sydney, Woolloomooloo
|
|<ref>''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' 21 December 1926 pp. 11-12</ref><ref name="RD60">{{cite journal |title=60 Years Ago |journal=[[Railway Digest]] |date=December 1986 |page=398}}</ref>
|<ref>''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' 21 December 1926 pp. 11-12</ref><ref name="RD60">{{cite journal |title=60 Years Ago |journal=[[Railway Digest]] |date=December 1986 |page=398}}</ref>
|-
|-
Line 142: Line 117:
|{{convert|4.99|km|mi|disp=table}}
|{{convert|4.99|km|mi|disp=table}}
|20 December 1926
|20 December 1926
|Sydney, Darlinghurst
|
|<ref name="RD60"/><ref>[http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Museum Museum Station] NSWrail.net</ref><ref name=oeh/>
|<ref name="RD60"/><ref>[http://www.nswrail.net/locations/show.php?name=NSW:Museum Museum Station] NSWrail.net</ref><ref name=oeh/>
|-
|-
Line 150: Line 123:
|{{convert|0|km|mi|disp=table}}
|{{convert|0|km|mi|disp=table}}
|28 February 1855
|28 February 1855
|Central, Strawberry Hills<br />Ultimo, Surry Hills, Haymarket
|{{North Shore, Northern & Western line}}<br />{{Eastern suburbs & Illawarra line}}<br />NSW TrainLink
|<ref name="ESR1" />
|<ref name="ESR1" />
|-
!colspan=9 style=background:#{{CityRail color|Bankstown}}|[[File:T3 Sydney.png|20px]]&nbsp;<span style="color:white;">City Circle {{small|([[clockwise|anti-clockwise]])}}</span>
|}
|}


Revision as of 10:14, 25 November 2017

For the planned metro line in Copenhagen, see City Circle Line. For the tourist tram in Melbourne, see City Circle tram.

City Circle
A Tangara arriving at Circular Quay, the halfway point of the city circle line.
Overview
OwnerRailCorp
TerminiCentral
Stations6
Service
ServicesT2 Inner West & Leppington Line
T3 Bankstown Line
T8 Airport & South Line
Operator(s)Sydney Trains
History
Opened20 December 1926 (1926-12-20) (first segment)
22 January 1956 (1956-01-22) (entire loop)
Technical
Line length6 km (3.7 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The City Circle is a mostly-underground railway line located in the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia, that make the core of the Sydney's passenger rail network. The lines are owned by RailCorp, a State government agency, and operated under Transport for NSW's Sydney Trains brand. Despite its name, the City Circle is of a horseshoe shape, with trains operating in a U-shaped pattern. The constituent stations of the Circle are (clockwise): Central, Town Hall, Wynyard, Circular Quay, St James, Museum and back to Central.

History and description

The original railway network for the Sydney CBD planned by John Bradfield, (left) and the network as it is today. The City Circle was built as planned and the Eastern Suburbs railway was built to a different alignment, though the Northern Beaches and Southern Suburbs line was never built.

The original concept for the City Railway was part of a report dated 1915 submitted to the government by chief railway engineer, John Bradfield, upon his return from overseas study,[1] with work commencing the following year. His concepts were largely based on the New York City Subway, which he observed during his time in New York City.

Built in stages, the first City Circle stations to open were the heritage-listed[2] Museum and St James, which both opened in 1926 as part of the initial electrification of Sydney railways. Next was the "western limb" through Town Hall and Wynyard, which opened in 1932 in conjunction with the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. This section contains four tunnels. Two connected to the Harbour Bridge, while the two City Circle tunnels terminated at Wynyard. In 1956 the dead ends at St. James and Wynyard were joined and the "missing link", Circular Quay – was opened. Central and Circular Quay stations are above-ground (Circular Quay is elevated, directly underneath the Cahill Expressway), while the remainder are underground. Several unused railway tunnels also exist. The former tram tunnels at Wynyard, and other stub tunnels at St James are well known.

Services and operations

The current service patterns generally consist of trains from the Bankstown & [Inner West & Leppington Line|Inner West & Leppington]] lines operating around the City Circle in a clockwise manner via Town Hall station. This track is known as the "City Outer". Trains from the Airport & South Line generally operate around the City Circle in an anti-clockwise manner via Museum station (using the "City Inner" track). A set of flying junctions at Central enable this pattern to be varied.

Prior to the integration of the Eastern Suburbs line into the Illawarra Line in 1980, Illawarra line trains also operated around the City Circle.

Trains on the Western and Northern lines usually do not proceed around the City Circle but instead proceed across the Harbour Bridge to the North Shore line and vice versa.

Stations

The line has six stations.

Name Code Distance from
Central (km) 		Opened Notes
km mi
Central SBO 0 0 28 February 1855 [3][4][5]
Town Hall THL 1.21 0.75 28 February 1932 [4]
Wynyard WYD 2.05 1.27 23 June 1979 [6]
Circular Quay CQY 2.97 1.85 22 January 1956 [7]
St James SAJ 4.4 2.7 20 December 1926 [8][9]
Museum MSM 4.99 3.10 20 December 1926 [9][10][2]
Central SBO 0 0 28 February 1855 [4]
  • Platform 18 and 19 at Central station
    Platform 18 and 19 at Central station
  • Town Hall – platform 4 (Illawarra line platform)
    Town Hall – platform 4 (Illawarra line platform)
  • Wynyard station entrance, Department of Railways building, York Street
    Wynyard station entrance, Department of Railways building, York Street
  • Circular Quay station
    Circular Quay station
  • St James platform 1
    St James platform 1
  • Museum platforms
    Museum platforms
  • Museum station was built using the cut-and-cover technique
    Museum station was built using the cut-and-cover technique
  • Circular Quay station
    Circular Quay station

See also

References

  1. ^ Wylie, R. F. (June 1971). "50 Years – A Long Time". Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin: 140–143.
  2. ^ a b "Museum railway station". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  3. ^ Bozier, Rolfe, "New South Wales Railways: NSW Station Codes". Retrieved 19 June 2002.
  4. ^ a b c The Eastern Suburbs Railway platforms for Town Hall and Central stations opened 23 June 1979. Cited in Forsyth, J.H. (ed.) (1988–93), Stations & Tracks; Vol. 1: "Main Suburban & Branches – Illawarra & Branches". State Rail Authority of New South Wales: Sydney, pp. 42–43.
  5. ^ Sourced from Forsyth, J.H. (ed.) (1988–93), Stations & Tracks; Vol. 1: "Main Suburban & Branches – Illawarra & Branches". State Rail Authority of New South Wales: Sydney, pp. 42–44, 101–128, 206–208 passim, except where noted.
  6. ^ Wynyard Station NSWrail.net
  7. ^ Circular Quay Station NSWrail.net
  8. ^ Sydney Morning Herald 21 December 1926 pp. 11-12
  9. ^ a b "60 Years Ago". Railway Digest: 398. December 1986.
  10. ^ Museum Station NSWrail.net
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