Capreolinae: Difference between revisions

Capreolinae; Temporal range: Late Pliocene to present
	Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Cervidae
Subfamily:	Capreolinae; Brookes, 1828
Genera
	Alces; Capreolus; Hydropotes; Rangifer; Hippocamelus; Mazama; Odocoileus; Blastocerus; Ozotoceros; Pudu
Synonyms
	Odocoileinae

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The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral metacarpals, while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.^[1] The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Late Miocene, between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in central Asia.^[2]

Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes reindeer, (Eurasian) moose, and roe deer, all of which live in Eurasia.

Classification

The list is based on the studies of Randi, Mucci, Claro-Hergueta, Bonnet and Douzery (2001); Pitraa, Fickela, Meijaard, Groves (2004); Ludt, Schroeder, Rottmann and Kuehn (2004); Hernandez-Fernandez and Vrba (2005); Groves (2006); Ruiz-Garcia, M., Randi, E., Martinez-Aguero, M. and Alvarez D. (2007); Duarte, J.M.B., Gonzalez, S. and Maldonado, J.E. (2008)

Tribe Capreolini
- Genus Alces
  - Eurasian elk (A. alces)
  - Moose (A. americanus, considered by some authorities to be the same species as A. alces)
- Genus Capreolus
  - Western roe deer (C. capreolus)
  - Eastern roe deer (C. pygargus)
Tribe Rangiferini (reindeer and New World deer)
- Genus Rangifer
  - Caribou/reindeer (R. tarandus)
- Genus Hippocamelus
  - Taruca (H. antisensis)
  - South Andean deer or huemul (H. bisulcus)
- Genus Mazama
  - Gray brocket (M. gouazoubira)
  - Northern Venezuelan brocket (M. cita, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Ecuador brocket (M. murelia, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Isla San Jose brocket (M. permira, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Colombian brocket (M. sanctaemartae, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Brazilian brocket (M. superciliaris, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Peruvian brocket (M. tschudii, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Rodon (M. rondoni, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. gouazoubira)
  - Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)
  - Central American red brocket (M. temama)
  - Yucatan brown brocket (M. pandora)
  - Small red brocket or bororo (M. bororo)
  - Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)
  - Pygmy brocket (M. nana)
  - Merida brocket (M. bricenii)
  - Little red brocket (M. rufina)
  - American red brocket (M. americana) (This species has found to be closer to Odocoileus than other brockets.)^[3]
  - Ecuador red brocket (Mazama gualea, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Brazilian red brocket (M. jucunda, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Trinidad red brocket (M. trinitatis, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Southern red brocket (Mazama whitelyi, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Peruvian red brocket (Mazama zamora, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
  - Colombian red brocket (Mazama zetta, considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of M. americana)
- Genus Blastocerus
  - Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
- Genus Ozotoceros
  - Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
- Genus Pudu
  - Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)
  - Southern pudu (P. pudu)
- Genus Odocoileus
  - White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
  - Mule deer (O. hemionus)

References

^ Azanza, B.; Rossner, G.; Ortiz-Jaureguizar E. (2013). "The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids". Paleobiodiversity and Paleoenvironments. 93 (1): 217–258. doi:10.1007/S12549-013-0118-1 (inactive 2017-11-25). {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2017 (link)
^ Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin A. (July 2006). <Go "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. doi:10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Duarte, J. M. B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J. E. (2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. PMID 18675919. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-09. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

This article about an even-toed ungulate is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Azanza, B.; Rossner, G.; Ortiz-Jaureguizar E. (2013). "The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids". Paleobiodiversity and Paleoenvironments. 93 (1): 217–258. doi:10.1007/S12549-013-0118-1 (inactive 2017-11-25). {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2017 (link)

[2] Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin A. (July 2006). <Go "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. doi:10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[3] Duarte, J. M. B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J. E. (2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. PMID 18675919. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-09. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ''[[Moose|Alces]]''<br>
 ''[[Capreolus]]''<br>
-''[[Hydropotes]]''<br>
+''[[Water deer|Hydropotes]]''<br>
 ''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''<br>
 ''[[Hippocamelus]]''<br>
 ''[[Brocket deer|Mazama]]''<br>
 ''[[Odocoileus]]''<br>
-''[[Marsh Deer|Blastocerus]]''<br>
+''[[Marsh deer|Blastocerus]]''<br>
 ''[[Ozotoceros]]''<br>
 ''[[Pudú|Pudu]]''
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 }}
-The '''Capreolinae''',  '''Odocoileinae''', or the '''New World deer''' are a [[subfamily]] of [[deer]]. Alternatively, they are known as the '''telemetacarpal deer''', due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily [[Cervinae]]. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral [[metacarpals]], while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Azanza, B.|author2=Rossner, G.|author3=Ortiz-Jaureguizar E.|last-author-amp=yes|year=2013|title=The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids|journal=Paleobiodiversity and Paleoenvironments|volume=93|pages=217–258|doi=10.1007/S12549-013-0118-1|issue=1}}</ref>
+The '''Capreolinae''',  '''Odocoileinae''', or the '''New World deer''' are a [[subfamily]] of [[deer]]. Alternatively, they are known as the '''telemetacarpal deer''', due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily [[Cervinae]]. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral [[metacarpal bones|metacarpals]], while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Azanza, B.|author2=Rossner, G.|author3=Ortiz-Jaureguizar E.|last-author-amp=yes|year=2013|title=The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids|journal=Paleobiodiversity and Paleoenvironments|volume=93|pages=217–258|doi=10.1007/S12549-013-0118-1|issue=1|doi-broken-date=2017-11-25}}</ref>
 The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Late [[Miocene]], between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in central Asia.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gilbert, C.|author2=Ropiquet, A.|author3=Hassanin A. |title=Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=July 2006 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=101–117 |doi=10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017 |url=http://<Go |pmid=16584894}}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes [[reindeer]], (Eurasian) [[Alces alces|moose]], and [[roe deer]], all of which live in Eurasia.
+Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes [[reindeer]], (Eurasian) [[moose]], and [[roe deer]], all of which live in Eurasia.
 ==Classification==
 The list is based on the studies of Randi, Mucci, Claro-Hergueta, Bonnet and Douzery (2001); Pitraa, Fickela, Meijaard, Groves (2004); Ludt, Schroeder, Rottmann and Kuehn (2004); Hernandez-Fernandez and Vrba (2005); Groves (2006); Ruiz-Garcia, M., Randi, E., Martinez-Aguero, M. and Alvarez D. (2007); Duarte, J.M.B., Gonzalez, S. and Maldonado, J.E. (2008)
-* Tribe Capreolini
+* Tribe [[Capreolini]]
-** Genus ''Alces''
+** Genus ''[[Alces]]''
 *** [[Moose#Subspecies|Eurasian elk]] (''A. alces'')
 *** [[Moose]] (''A. americanus'', considered by some authorities to be the same species as ''A. alces'')
-** Genus ''Capreolus''
+** Genus ''[[Capreolus]]''
-*** [[Roe Deer|Western roe deer]] (''C. capreolus'')
+*** [[Roe deer|Western roe deer]] (''C. capreolus'')
-*** [[Siberian Roe Deer|Eastern roe deer]] (''C. pygargus'')
+*** [[Siberian roe deer|Eastern roe deer]] (''C. pygargus'')
-* Tribe Rangiferini (reindeer and New World deer)
+* Tribe [[Rangiferini]] (reindeer and New World deer)
-** Genus ''Rangifer''
+** Genus ''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''
 *** [[Reindeer|Caribou/reindeer]] (''R. tarandus'')
 ** Genus ''[[Hippocamelus]]''
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 *** [[Gray brocket]] (''M. gouazoubira'')
 *** [[Gray brocket|Northern Venezuelan brocket]] (''M. cita'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
-*** [[Gray Brocket|Ecuador brocket]] (''M. murelia'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
+*** [[Gray brocket|Ecuador brocket]] (''M. murelia'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
-*** [[Gray Brocket|Isla San Jose brocket]] (''M. permira'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
+*** [[Gray brocket|Isla San Jose brocket]] (''M. permira'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
-*** [[Gray Brocket|Colombian brocket]] (''M. sanctaemartae'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
+*** [[Gray brocket|Colombian brocket]] (''M. sanctaemartae'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
-*** [[Gray Brocket|Brazilian brocket]] (''M. superciliaris'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
+*** [[Gray brocket|Brazilian brocket]] (''M. superciliaris'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
-*** [[Gray Brocket|Peruvian brocket]] (''M. tschudii'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
+*** [[Gray brocket|Peruvian brocket]] (''M. tschudii'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
-*** [[Gray Brocket|Rodon]] (''M. rondoni'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
+*** [[Gray brocket|Rodon]] (''M. rondoni'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. gouazoubira'')
 *** [[Amazonian brown brocket]] (''M. nemorivaga'')
 *** [[Central American red brocket]] (''M. temama'')
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 *** [[Merida brocket]] (''M. bricenii'')
 *** [[Little red brocket]] (''M. rufina'')
-*** [[Red Brocket|American red brocket]] (''M. americana'') (This species has found to be closer to ''[[Odocoileus]]'' than other brockets.)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Duarte, J. M. B.|author2=González, S.|author3=Maldonado, J. E.|last-author-amp=yes |year=2008 |title=The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=49 |pages=17–22 |pmid=18675919 |url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/publications/scientificpublications/pdfs/232ee5c5-807f-48de-8efc-b49c347d471b.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009 |issue=1 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209034118/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ScientificPublications/pdfs/232EE5C5-807F-48DE-8EFC-B49C347D471B.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-09 |df= }}</ref>
+*** [[Red brocket|American red brocket]] (''M. americana'') (This species has found to be closer to ''[[Odocoileus]]'' than other brockets.)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Duarte, J. M. B.|author2=González, S.|author3=Maldonado, J. E.|last-author-amp=yes |year=2008 |title=The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=49 |pages=17–22 |pmid=18675919 |url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/publications/scientificpublications/pdfs/232ee5c5-807f-48de-8efc-b49c347d471b.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009 |issue=1 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209034118/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ScientificPublications/pdfs/232EE5C5-807F-48DE-8EFC-B49C347D471B.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-09 |df= }}</ref>
-*** [[Red Brocket|Ecuador red brocket]] (''Mazama gualea'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
+*** [[Red brocket|Ecuador red brocket]] (''Mazama gualea'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
-*** [[Red Brocket|Brazilian red brocket]] (''M. jucunda'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
+*** [[Red brocket|Brazilian red brocket]] (''M. jucunda'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
-*** [[Red Brocket|Trinidad red brocket]] (''M. trinitatis'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
+*** [[Red brocket|Trinidad red brocket]] (''M. trinitatis'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
-*** [[Red Brocket|Southern red brocket]] (''Mazama whitelyi'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
+*** [[Red brocket|Southern red brocket]] (''Mazama whitelyi'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
-*** [[Red Brocket|Peruvian red brocket]] (''Mazama zamora'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
+*** [[Red brocket|Peruvian red brocket]] (''Mazama zamora'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
-*** [[Red Brocket|Colombian red brocket]] (''Mazama zetta'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
+*** [[Red brocket|Colombian red brocket]] (''Mazama zetta'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
-** Genus ''Blastocerus''
+** Genus ''[[Blastocerus]]''
 *** [[Marsh deer]] (''B. dichotomus'')
-** Genus ''Ozotoceros''
+** Genus ''[[Ozotoceros]]''
 *** [[Pampas deer]] (''O. bezoarticus'')
-** Genus ''Pudu''
+** Genus ''[[Pudú|Pudu]]''
-*** [[Northern Pudu|Northern pudu]] (''P. mephistophiles'')
+*** [[Northern pudu|Northern pudu]] (''P. mephistophiles'')
-*** [[Southern Pudu|Southern pudu]] (''P. pudu'')
+*** [[Southern pudu|Southern pudu]] (''P. pudu'')
 ** Genus ''[[Odocoileus]]''
 *** [[White-tailed deer]] (''O. virginianus'')