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==History==
==History==
Spaniels were first mentioned in the 14th century by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn in his work the Livre de Chasse. The "cocking" or "cocker spaniel" was a type of field or land spaniel in the 19th century. Prior to 1901, Cocker Spaniels were only separated from Field Spaniels and Springer Spaniels by weight<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocker_Spaniel#york1909</ref>. At that time the weight should be greater than 25lbs<ref>The History and Management of the Field Spaniel by Peggy Grayson</ref>, whilst now the Field Spaniel weighs 18 to 25 kgs<ref>https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=2054</ref>. One of the handsomest and possibly most noble looking of all the Spaniel varieties, the Field Spaniel has had a chequered career since the breed evolved some 150 years ago. At several points over the years the breed has sunk very low in numbers, in this century three revivals have taken place, the last as late as the 1960s.<ref>http://www.fieldspanielsociety.co.uk/page32.html</ref>. Confusion still can occur with working or field bred spaniels<ref>http://www.ecsca.info/index.php/breed-info/general-overview/2-uncategorised/14-what-is-a-field-bred-english-cocker-spaniel</ref> being confused with Field Spaniels [[File:Field and cocker spaniel side by side.jpg|thumb|This shows the large size difference between a male Field Spaniel and a male Cocker Spaniel. They are usually up to 10 kgs different in weight.]]
Spaniels were first mentioned in the 14th century by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn in his work the Livre de Chasse. By the 19th century the types of field or land spaniel were becoming more defined as separate from the water spaniels. Prior to 1901, Cocker Spaniels were only separated from Field Spaniels and Springer Spaniels by weight<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocker_Spaniel#york1909</ref>. At that time the Field Spaniel was defined as being greater than 25lbs and solid in colour, the others being classed as Springers.<ref>The History and Management of the Field Spaniel by Peggy Grayson</ref>. Currently the Field Spaniel weighs 18 to 25 kgs<ref>https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=2054</ref>. One of the handsomest and possibly most noble looking of all the Spaniel varieties, the Field Spaniel has had a chequered career since the breed evolved some 150 years ago. At several points over the years the breed has sunk very low in numbers, in this century three revivals have taken place, the last as late as the 1960s.<ref>http://www.fieldspanielsociety.co.uk/page32.html</ref>. Confusion still can occur with working or field bred spaniels<ref>http://www.ecsca.info/index.php/breed-info/general-overview/2-uncategorised/14-what-is-a-field-bred-english-cocker-spaniel</ref> being confused with Field Spaniels
[[File:Field and cocker spaniel side by side.jpg|thumb|This shows the large size difference between a male Field Spaniel and a male Cocker Spaniel. They are up to 10 kgs different in weight.]]



The old style Field Spaniels were unpopular with sportsmen as the dark colours of the breed did not show up in hunting conditions, and the elongated and short shape of the early breed was not very practical for moving easily through cover.<ref name="northamerican"/> The low-slung variety of Field Spaniel were developed by Phineas Bullock from dogs previously owned by Sir [[Francis Burdett]],<ref name="spanieltraining">{{cite book|last=Mercer|first=F H F|title=The Spaniel and Its Training|year=1890|publisher=Forest And Stream Pub. Co|pages=25–26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfVbqDPdUGYC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=Phineas+Bullock#v=onepage&q=Phineas%20Bullock&f=false}}</ref><ref name="palika">{{cite book|last=Palika|first=Liz|title=The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-00921-5|pages=236–237|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-d9fxVGFQC&pg=PA236&dq=%22field+spaniel%22#v=onepage&q=%22field%20spaniel%22&f=false}}</ref> the secretary of the Birmingham Dog Show. Burdett was said to have owned a variety of black [[English Cocker Spaniel|Cocker Spaniel]]s. Bullock crossed the Field Spaniel with the [[Sussex Spaniel]] and the [[English Water Spaniel]]. In the 1870s he was very successful in the show ring with his variety of Field Spaniel; however, it resulted in a dog that was almost exactly like a Sussex Spaniel with the exception of the head itself.<ref name="islands">{{cite book|last=Walsh|first=John Henry|title=The Dogs of the British Islands|year=1878|publisher=The Field Office|pages=93–94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anAQ_GvvNtwC&pg=PA93&dq=%22field+spaniel%22#v=onepage&q=%22field%20spaniel%22&f=false}}</ref>
The old style Field Spaniels were unpopular with sportsmen as the dark colours of the breed did not show up in hunting conditions, and the elongated and short shape of the early breed was not very practical for moving easily through cover.<ref name="northamerican"/> The low-slung variety of Field Spaniel were developed by Phineas Bullock from dogs previously owned by Sir [[Francis Burdett]],<ref name="spanieltraining">{{cite book|last=Mercer|first=F H F|title=The Spaniel and Its Training|year=1890|publisher=Forest And Stream Pub. Co|pages=25–26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfVbqDPdUGYC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=Phineas+Bullock#v=onepage&q=Phineas%20Bullock&f=false}}</ref><ref name="palika">{{cite book|last=Palika|first=Liz|title=The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-00921-5|pages=236–237|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-d9fxVGFQC&pg=PA236&dq=%22field+spaniel%22#v=onepage&q=%22field%20spaniel%22&f=false}}</ref> the secretary of the Birmingham Dog Show. Burdett was said to have owned a variety of black [[English Cocker Spaniel|Cocker Spaniel]]s. Bullock crossed the Field Spaniel with the [[Sussex Spaniel]] and the [[English Water Spaniel]]. In the 1870s he was very successful in the show ring with his variety of Field Spaniel; however, it resulted in a dog that was almost exactly like a Sussex Spaniel with the exception of the head itself.<ref name="islands">{{cite book|last=Walsh|first=John Henry|title=The Dogs of the British Islands|year=1878|publisher=The Field Office|pages=93–94|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anAQ_GvvNtwC&pg=PA93&dq=%22field+spaniel%22#v=onepage&q=%22field%20spaniel%22&f=false}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:33, 6 December 2017

Template:Good article is only for Wikipedia:Good articles.

Field Spaniel
Common nicknamesField
OriginEngland
Kennel club standards
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Field Spaniel is a medium-sized breed dog of the spaniel type. Spaniels were first mentioned in the 14th century. The "cocking" or "cocker spaniel" was a type of field or land spaniel in the 19th century. Prior to 1901, Cocker Spaniels were only separated from Field Spaniels and Springer Spaniels by weight and colour. However, during the mid-20th century they were redeveloped as a longer-legged dog. They are now considered to be a rare breed, and are registered as a Vulnerable Native Breed by The Kennel Club.

Their fur is softer than other spaniels and they have no undercoat like most of the other field type spaniels. Their coats comes in Black or Liver, solid or Roan, with or without tan or white markings. They can make good family dogs and are patient with children, but can require some sort of purpose, be it hunting or agility work in order to prevent them from becoming bored and destructive. They have an extremely sensitive nose, as well as hunting game in the undergrowth, some are used as truffle hunters, and one is even being used to sniff out bodies under water in the Netherlands[1]

History

Spaniels were first mentioned in the 14th century by Gaston III of Foix-Béarn in his work the Livre de Chasse. By the 19th century the types of field or land spaniel were becoming more defined as separate from the water spaniels. Prior to 1901, Cocker Spaniels were only separated from Field Spaniels and Springer Spaniels by weight[2]. At that time the Field Spaniel was defined as being greater than 25lbs and solid in colour, the others being classed as Springers.[3]. Currently the Field Spaniel weighs 18 to 25 kgs[4]. One of the handsomest and possibly most noble looking of all the Spaniel varieties, the Field Spaniel has had a chequered career since the breed evolved some 150 years ago. At several points over the years the breed has sunk very low in numbers, in this century three revivals have taken place, the last as late as the 1960s.[5]. Confusion still can occur with working or field bred spaniels[6] being confused with Field Spaniels

This shows the large size difference between a male Field Spaniel and a male Cocker Spaniel. They are up to 10 kgs different in weight.

The old style Field Spaniels were unpopular with sportsmen as the dark colours of the breed did not show up in hunting conditions, and the elongated and short shape of the early breed was not very practical for moving easily through cover.[7] The low-slung variety of Field Spaniel were developed by Phineas Bullock from dogs previously owned by Sir Francis Burdett,[8][9] the secretary of the Birmingham Dog Show. Burdett was said to have owned a variety of black Cocker Spaniels. Bullock crossed the Field Spaniel with the Sussex Spaniel and the English Water Spaniel. In the 1870s he was very successful in the show ring with his variety of Field Spaniel; however, it resulted in a dog that was almost exactly like a Sussex Spaniel with the exception of the head itself.[10]

The dog who is considered to be the father of the modern English Cocker Spaniel is Ch. Obo, who was born in 1879 to a Sussex Spaniel father and a Field Spaniel mother. Obo's son Ch. Obo II is considered to be the father of the modern American Cocker Spaniel, who was described as being only ten inches high with quite a long body.[11]

By 1909, the average weight of a Field Spaniel was 35–45 pounds (16–20 kg).[12] Further mixing of the breed occurred with elements of the Basset Hound introduced. Various genetic health issues arose and action was taken in order to correct the problems within the breed. English Springer Spaniels were used to introduce healthier elements into the breed and resulted in the longer legged spaniel that we know today. Most of the modern breed can be traced to four dogs from the 1950s; Colombina of Teffont, Elmbury Morwena of Rhiwlas, Gormac Teal, and Ronayne Regal.[13]

The Field Spaniel remains a rare breed, even in the UK. In 2016, a total of 80 dogs were registered with The Kennel Club, encouragingly the largest number since recording began in 2000[14]. This puts it now the 7th most vulnerable breed, instead of the 2nd as has been the case. This is compared to the English Springer Spaniel with 12,700 and the English Cocker Spaniel with 22,211 registrations in 2009 alone.[15] In order to promote the breed, they have been registered as a Vulnerable Native Breed by The Kennel Club.[16]

Description

Appearance

Field Spaniel In liver colour

The standard size for a Field Spaniel is 17–18 inches (43–46 cm) tall at the withers,[7] and a weight of between 40–55 pounds (18–25 kg).[17] This places it roughly between the English Cocker Spaniel and the English Springer Spaniel in size.[18] Its long, silky coat comes in solid colours of black, liver, or roan. Tan points, white markings on the throat and the chest can be ticked or the same colour as the rest of the body.[19][20]

They have a moderately long single coat with no undercoat. Feathering of the fur appears on the chest, belly, ears and on the back of the legs. The coat is not as heavy as that of a Cocker Spaniel but will require grooming in order to prevent mats from appearing in the fur.[9] Docked tails were often used in working dogs, as poor blood flow left healing of the non docked tail difficult.

Temperament

A solid-black-coloured Field Spaniel.

The Field Spaniel can be a good family dog while it has a job to do. They are suitable for dog agility and hunting. Without some sort of purpose, the dog can often try to amuse itself and cause mischief. However, they are patient with children and like to stay close to their family.[21] When socialised, they are good with other dogs.[9] They are generally docile and independent, and are not as excitable as Cocker Spaniels.[18] Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs lists the breed as being above average in working intelligence.[18]

Health

There are a few ocular conditions to which the Field Spaniel has a predisposition. These include cataracts, retinal atrophy and retinal dysplasia.[22] Hip dysplasia has appeared in British lines of Field Spaniels.[18] In a health survey conducted by the Kennel Club (UK), the primary cause of death in Field Spaniels was cancer, with the second most frequent cause being old age. The median lifespan for the breed was found to be eleven years and eight months, which is five months higher than the median age for all dog breeds.[23]

References

  1. ^ Field Spaniel Society Year Book 2015
  2. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocker_Spaniel#york1909
  3. ^ The History and Management of the Field Spaniel by Peggy Grayson
  4. ^ https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=2054
  5. ^ http://www.fieldspanielsociety.co.uk/page32.html
  6. ^ http://www.ecsca.info/index.php/breed-info/general-overview/2-uncategorised/14-what-is-a-field-bred-english-cocker-spaniel
  7. ^ a b Smith, Steve (2002). The Encyclopedia of North American Sporting Dogs: Written by Sportsmen for Sportsmen. Willow Creek Press. pp. 136–137. ISBN 978-1-57223-501-4.
  8. ^ Mercer, F H F (1890). The Spaniel and Its Training. Forest And Stream Pub. Co. pp. 25–26.
  9. ^ a b c Palika, Liz (2007). The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-0-470-00921-5.
  10. ^ Walsh, John Henry (1878). The Dogs of the British Islands. The Field Office. pp. 93–94.
  11. ^ Palika, Liz (2009). Cocker Spaniel: Your Happy Healthy Pet. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-470-39060-3.
  12. ^ Smith, A. Croxton (1909). Everyman's Book of the Dog. Hodder and Staunton. p. 101.
  13. ^ "Field Spaniel Information". Sarah's Dogs. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
  14. ^ https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/getting-a-dog-or-puppy/finding-the-right-dog/vulnerable-native-breeds/
  15. ^ "COMPARATIVE TABLES OF REGISTRATIONS FOR THE YEARS 2004 - 2013 INCLUSIVE" (PDF). The Kennel Club. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  16. ^ "An Introduction to the Vulnerable Native Breeds". The Kennel Club. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
  17. ^ "Spaniel (Field) Breed Standard". The Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  18. ^ a b c d Burke, Don (2005). The Complete Burke's backyard: the Ultimate Book of Fact Sheets. Murdoch Books. pp. 791–792. ISBN 1-74045-739-0.
  19. ^ http://www.fieldspanielsociety.co.uk/breed%20standard%20.html
  20. ^ https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=2054
  21. ^ "American Kennel Club - Field Spaniel". American Kennel Club. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  22. ^ Gough, Alex (2010). Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-4051-8078-8.
  23. ^ "Report from the Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee; Summary Results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Field Spaniels" (PDF). The Kennel Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Further reading

Grayson, Peggy (1984) The History and management of the Field Spaniel, Scan Books, ISBN 0-906360-10-2

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