George Cornelius Gorham

The Reverend George Cornelius Gorham
Vicar of Brampford Speke
Gorham in 1850
Church	Church of England
Diocese	Exeter
In office	1847–1857
Orders
Ordination	1811
Personal details
Born	(1787-08-21)21 August 1787 St Neots, Huntingdonshire, England
Died	19 June 1857(1857-06-19) (aged 69)
Alma mater	Queens' College, Cambridge

George Cornelius Gorham (21 August 1787 – 19 June 1857) was a vicar in the Church of England. His legal recourse to being denied a certain post, subsequently taken to a secular court, caused great controversy.

Early life

Gorham was born on 21 August 1787 in St Neots, Huntingdonshire. He entered Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1805, graduating BA as 3rd wrangler and Smith's prizeman in 1809.

He was ordained in 1811, despite the misgivings of the Bishop of Ely, Thomas Dampier, who found Gorham's views at odds with Anglican doctrine. Gorham's views on baptism had caused comment, particularly his contention that by baptism infants do not become members of Christ and the children of God. After curacies in several parishes, he was instituted as vicar of St Just in Penwith by Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, in 1846.

Controversy

The following year, Gorham was presented to the vicarage of Brampford Speke, a parish in a small village in Devon, 4 miles to the north of Exeter, which has a Church of England parish church dedicated to St Peter.

Upon examining him, Bishop Henry Phillpotts took exception to Gorham's view that baptismal regeneration was conditional and dependent upon a later personal adoption of promises made. The bishop found Gorham to be a Calvinist in this matter and hence unsuitable for the post.

Gorham appealed to the ecclesiastical Court of Arches to compel the bishop to institute him but the court confirmed the bishop's decision and awarded costs against Gorham.

Gorham then appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which caused great controversy about whether a secular court should decide on the doctrine of the Church of England. The ecclesiastical lawyer Edward Lowth Badeley, a member of the Oxford Movement, appeared before the committee to argue the bishop's cause but eventually the committee (in a split decision) reversed the bishop's and the Arches' decision on 9 March 1850, granting Gorham his institution.

Phillpotts repudiated the judgment and threatened to excommunicate the Archbishop of Canterbury and anyone who dared to institute Gorham.

Fourteen prominent Anglicans, including Badeley and Henry Edward Manning, called upon the Church of England to repudiate the views that the Privy Council had expressed on baptism. As there was no response from the church – apart from Phillpotts' protestations – they left the Church of England and joined the Roman Catholic Church.

Subsequent life

Gorham himself spent the rest of his life at his post in Brampford Speke. As vicar, Gorham restored the church building, entirely rebuilding the tower, for which Phillpotts gave some money. He was an antiquary of some reputation, and the author of a number of pamphlets.

Publications

• George Cornelius Gorham, The History and Antiquities of Eynesbury and St. Neot's, in Huntingdonshire, and of St. Neot's in the county of Cornwall, 1820.

References

Works cited

Boase, George Clement (1890). "Gorham, George Cornelius". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 243–245. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Erb, Peter C. (2013). Introduction. The Correspondence of Henry Edward Manning and William Ewart Gladstone. By Manning, Henry Edward; Gladstone, William Ewart. Erb, Peter C. (ed.). Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. xiii–cxx. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780199577323.book.1. ISBN 978-0-19-957732-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Gilman, Daniel Coit; Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore, eds. (1905). "Gorham, George Cornelius" . New International Encyclopedia. Vol. 9 (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 50. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Jordan, Andrew (1998). "George Cornelius Gorham, Clerk v Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter: A Case of Anglican Anxieties". Ecclesiastical Law Journal. 5 (23): 104–111. doi:10.1017/S0956618X00000065. ISSN 0956-618X. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Strachey, Lytton. Eminent Victorians. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Wolffe, John (2004). "Gorham, George Cornelius (1787–1857)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11099. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Further reading

Gilman, Daniel Coit; Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore, eds. (1905). "Gorham Controversy" . New International Encyclopedia. Vol. 9 (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. 50–51.

Wood, James, ed. (1907). Gorham, George Cornelius . London: Frederick Warne. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |encyclopedia= ignored (help)

External links

• Documents connected with the Gorham Controversy from Project Canterbury