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Update for MusicXML 3.1
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{{primary sources|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox file format
{{Infobox file format
| logo =
| logo =
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| screenshot =
| screenshot =
| caption =
| caption =
| extension = .xml, .mxl
| extension = .musicxml, .mxl
| mime = application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml |title = Type name: application : Subtype name: vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml |publisher = Iana.org |accessdate = 24 November 2014 }}
| mime = application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml |title = Type name: application : Subtype name: vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml |publisher = Iana.org |accessdate = 24 November 2014 }}
</ref> application/vnd.recordare.musicxml<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.recordare.musicxml |title = Type name: application : Subtype name: vnd.recordare.musicxml |publisher = Iana.org |accessdate = 24 November 2014 }}</ref>
</ref> application/vnd.recordare.musicxml<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/vnd.recordare.musicxml |title = Type name: application : Subtype name: vnd.recordare.musicxml |publisher = Iana.org |accessdate = 24 November 2014 }}</ref>
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| conforms to =
| conforms to =
| magic =
| magic =
| owner = Recordare, MakeMusic
| owner = W3C Music Notation Community Group
| released = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|mm|dd|df=yes/no}} -->
| released = <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|mm|dd|df=yes/no}} -->
| latest release version = 3.0
| latest release version = 3.1
| latest release date = August 2011<ref name="musicxml3">{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/for-developers/ |title = MusicXML 3.0 Specification |work = MusicXML.com |publisher = MakeMusic, Inc. |accessdate = 26 February 2013 }}</ref> <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|mm|dd|df=yes/no}} -->
| latest release date = December 2017<ref name="musicxml31">{{cite web |url = https://www.scoringnotes.com/news/working-group-releases-first-musicxml-update/ |title = Working group releases its first MusicXML update |work = ScoringNotes.com |publisher = NYC Music Services |accessdate = 19 December 2017 }}</ref> <!-- {{Start date and age|YYYY|mm|dd|df=yes/no}} -->
| genre = [[Musical notation]]
| genre = [[Musical notation]]
| extended from = [[XML]]
| extended from = [[XML]]
| standard =
| standard =
| free = Yes
| free = Yes
| url =
| url = https://www.w3.org/2017/12/musicxml31/
}}
}}
'''MusicXML''' is an [[XML]]-based [[file format]] for representing Western [[musical notation]]. The format is proprietary, but fully and openly documented, and can be freely used under a Public License.<ref>{{cite web |title = Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections &mdash; MusicXML, Version 3 |publisher = Library of Congress |date = 9 October 2012 |url = http://www.digitalpreservation.gov:8081/formats/fdd/fdd000358.shtml |accessdate = 14 November 2012 }}</ref>
'''MusicXML''' is an [[XML]]-based [[file format]] for representing Western [[musical notation]]. The format is open, fully documented, and can be freely used under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.<ref>{{cite web |title = Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections &mdash; MusicXML, Version 3 |publisher = Library of Congress |date = 9 October 2012 |url = http://www.digitalpreservation.gov:8081/formats/fdd/fdd000358.shtml |accessdate = 14 November 2012 }}</ref><ref name="fsa">{{cite web |title= W3C Community Final Specification Agreement |publisher = W3C |url = https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/final/ |accessdate = 19 December 2017 }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
MusicXML was developed by Recordare LLC, deriving several key concepts from existing academic formats (such as Walter Hewlett's [[MuseData]] and David Huron's Humdrum). It is designed for the interchange of [[Sheet music|score]]s, particularly between different [[scorewriter]]s. MusicXML development has been managed by MakeMusic following the company's acquisition of Recordare in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.makemusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2011_11_28_Recordare_Closing_Release_Final.pdf |format = PDF |title = Recordare Closing Release |publisher = Makemusic.com |accessdate = 13 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://tech.mn/files/2011/11/makemusic-buys-recordare-assets.pdf |format = PDF |title = MAKEMUSIC, INC. ENHANCES TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP BY PURCHASING RECORDARE ASSETS |publisher = Tech.mn |accessdate = 13 December 2014 }}</ref> Since version 3.1, MusicXML development is being managed by W3C Music Notation Community Group.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.musicxml.com/for-developers/ |title = MusicXML 3.0 Specifacation |work = MakeMusic |accessdate = 20 October 2017 }}</ref>
MusicXML was invented by Michael Good and initially developed by Recordare LLC. It derived several key concepts from existing academic formats (such as Walter Hewlett's [[MuseData]] and David Huron's Humdrum). It is designed for the interchange of [[Sheet music|score]]s, particularly between different [[scorewriter]]s. MusicXML development was managed by MakeMusic following the company's acquisition of Recordare in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.makemusic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/2011_11_28_Recordare_Closing_Release_Final.pdf |format = PDF |title = Recordare Closing Release |publisher = Makemusic.com |accessdate = 13 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://tech.mn/files/2011/11/makemusic-buys-recordare-assets.pdf |format = PDF |title = MAKEMUSIC, INC. ENHANCES TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP BY PURCHASING RECORDARE ASSETS |publisher = Tech.mn |accessdate = 13 December 2014 }}</ref> MusicXML development was transferred to the W3C Music Notation Community Group in July 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/12/30/music_as_mark_up/ |title = Beyond iTunes: XML boffins target sheet music |work = The Register |accessdate = 19 December 2017 }}</ref>


Version 1.0 was released in January 2004. Version 1.1 was released in May 2005 with improved formatting support. Version 2.0 was released in June 2007 and included a standard compressed format.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/compressed-mxl-files/ |title = Compressed MXL Files |publisher = MusicXML |date = |accessdate = 2014-06-27 }}</ref> All of these versions were defined by a series of [[document type definition]]s (DTDs). An [[XML Schema (W3C)|XML Schema Definition]] (XSD) implementation of Version 2.0 was released in September 2008. Version 3.0 was released in August 2011 with improved virtual instrument support, in both DTD and XSD versions.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/for-developers/version-history/ |title = Version History of MusicXML |publisher = Musicxml.com |date = |accessdate = 2014-06-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.harmonycentral.com/news/recordare-adds-finale-2010-support-to-dolet-5-for-finale-plug-in|title=News: Recordare Adds Finale 2010 Support to Dolet 5 for Finale Plug-In|publisher=}}</ref> The MusicXML DTDs and XSDs are each freely redistributable under the MusicXML Public License.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.digitalpreservation.gov:8081/formats/fdd/fdd000358.shtml |title = MusicXML, Version 3 |publisher = Digitalpreservation.gov:8081 |date = 2012-10-09 |accessdate = 2014-06-27 }}</ref>
Version 1.0 was released in January 2004. Version 1.1 was released in May 2005 with improved formatting support. Version 2.0 was released in June 2007 and included a standard compressed format.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/compressed-mxl-files/ |title = Compressed MXL Files |publisher = MusicXML |date = |accessdate = 27 June 2014 }}</ref> All of these versions were defined by a series of [[document type definition]]s (DTDs). An [[XML Schema (W3C)|XML Schema Definition]] (XSD) implementation of Version 2.0 was released in September 2008. Version 3.0 was released in August 2011 with improved virtual instrument support, in both DTD and XSD versions.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/for-developers/version-history/ |title = Version History of MusicXML |publisher = Musicxml.com |date = |accessdate = 27 June 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.harmonycentral.com/news/recordare-adds-finale-2010-support-to-dolet-5-for-finale-plug-in|title=News: Recordare Adds Finale 2010 Support to Dolet 5 for Finale Plug-In|publisher=}}</ref> Version 3.1 was released in December 2017 with improved support for the Standard Music Font Layout (SMuFL).<ref name="musicxml31"/> The MusicXML DTDs and XSDs are each freely redistributable under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.<ref name="fsa"/>


==Support==
==Support==
As of December 2015, MusicXML is supported to varying degrees by over 210 notation programs.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/software/ |title = Software |publisher = MusicXML |date = 2010-03-19 |accessdate = 2015-12-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://musescore.org/en/handbook/file-format |title = File format |publisher = MuseScore |date = |accessdate = 2014-06-27 }}</ref> These programs include:
As of December 2017, MusicXML is supported to varying degrees by over 230 notation programs.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/software/ |title = Software |publisher = MusicXML |date = 2010-03-19 |accessdate = 19 December 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://musescore.org/en/handbook/file-format |title = File format |publisher = MuseScore |date = |accessdate = 27 June 2014 }}</ref> These programs include:
* Most [[Comparison of scorewriters|scorewriting programs]], including [[Finale (software)|Finale]], [[Sibelius (software)|Sibelius]], and [[MuseScore]].
* Most [[Comparison of scorewriters|scorewriting programs]], including [[Finale (software)|Finale]], [[Sibelius (software)|Sibelius]], and [[MuseScore]].
* Most [[Music OCR]] programs, including [[SmartScore]] and PhotoScore.
* Most [[Music OCR]] programs, including [[SmartScore]] and PhotoScore.
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Like all XML-based formats, MusicXML is intended to be easy for automated tools to [[parsing|parse]] and manipulate. Though it is possible to create MusicXML by hand, interactive [[scorewriter|score writing]] programs like Finale and MuseScore greatly simplify the reading, writing, and modifying of MusicXML files.
Like all XML-based formats, MusicXML is intended to be easy for automated tools to [[parsing|parse]] and manipulate. Though it is possible to create MusicXML by hand, interactive [[scorewriter|score writing]] programs like Finale and MuseScore greatly simplify the reading, writing, and modifying of MusicXML files.


The following example is a score consisting of a single [[whole note]] [[middle C]] in the key of [[C major]] on the [[Treble Clef]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/hello-world/ |title = Hello World: A One-Bar Song with a Whole Note on Middle C in 4/4 time |publisher = Musicxml.com |date = |accessdate = 2014-06-27 }}</ref> [[File:MusicXML C Whole Note.png|thumb|Representation of middle C on the treble clef created through MusicXML code.]]
The following example is a score consisting of a single [[whole note]] [[middle C]] in the key of [[C major]] on the [[Treble Clef]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.musicxml.com/tutorial/hello-world/ |title = Hello World: A One-Bar Song with a Whole Note on Middle C in 4/4 time |publisher = Musicxml.com |date = |accessdate = 19 December 2017 }}</ref> [[File:MusicXML C Whole Note.png|thumb|Representation of middle C on the treble clef created through MusicXML code.]]


<source lang="xml">
<source lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC
<!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC
"-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 3.0 Partwise//EN"
"-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 3.1 Partwise//EN"
"http://www.musicxml.org/dtds/partwise.dtd">
"http://www.musicxml.org/dtds/partwise.dtd">
<score-partwise version="3.0">
<score-partwise version="3.1">
<part-list>
<part-list>
<score-part id="P1">
<score-part id="P1">
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==External links==
==External links==
*[https://www.w3.org/2017/12/musicxml31/ MusicXML Version 3.1 Final Community Group Report]
*[https://www.w3.org/community/music-notation/ W3C Music Notation Community Group]
*{{Official website|http://www.musicxml.com/}}
*{{Official website|http://www.musicxml.com/}}
*[https://www.soundslice.com/musicxml-viewer/ MusicXML viewer] at [https://www.soundslice.com/ Soundslice]
*[https://www.soundslice.com/musicxml-viewer/ MusicXML viewer] at [https://www.soundslice.com/ Soundslice]

Revision as of 01:52, 20 December 2017

MusicXML
Filename extension
.musicxml, .mxl
Internet media type
application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml,[1] application/vnd.recordare.musicxml[2]
Developed byW3C Music Notation Community Group
Latest release
3.1
December 2017[3]
Type of formatMusical notation
Extended fromXML
Free format?Yes
Websitehttps://www.w3.org/2017/12/musicxml31/

MusicXML is an XML-based file format for representing Western musical notation. The format is open, fully documented, and can be freely used under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.[4][5]

History

MusicXML was invented by Michael Good and initially developed by Recordare LLC. It derived several key concepts from existing academic formats (such as Walter Hewlett's MuseData and David Huron's Humdrum). It is designed for the interchange of scores, particularly between different scorewriters. MusicXML development was managed by MakeMusic following the company's acquisition of Recordare in 2011.[6][7] MusicXML development was transferred to the W3C Music Notation Community Group in July 2015.[8]

Version 1.0 was released in January 2004. Version 1.1 was released in May 2005 with improved formatting support. Version 2.0 was released in June 2007 and included a standard compressed format.[9] All of these versions were defined by a series of document type definitions (DTDs). An XML Schema Definition (XSD) implementation of Version 2.0 was released in September 2008. Version 3.0 was released in August 2011 with improved virtual instrument support, in both DTD and XSD versions.[10][11] Version 3.1 was released in December 2017 with improved support for the Standard Music Font Layout (SMuFL).[3] The MusicXML DTDs and XSDs are each freely redistributable under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.[5]

Support

As of December 2017, MusicXML is supported to varying degrees by over 230 notation programs.[12][13] These programs include:

Additionally, web support is possible through the use of the HTML5 canvas element and JavaScript resulting in the rendering of legible music within a web browser.[14]

Features include key and time signatures, clefs, beaming information, stem directions, slurs, ornaments, barlines, and written repeats.[15]

Example

Like all XML-based formats, MusicXML is intended to be easy for automated tools to parse and manipulate. Though it is possible to create MusicXML by hand, interactive score writing programs like Finale and MuseScore greatly simplify the reading, writing, and modifying of MusicXML files.

The following example is a score consisting of a single whole note middle C in the key of C major on the Treble Clef.[16]

Representation of middle C on the treble clef created through MusicXML code.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC
    "-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 3.1 Partwise//EN"
    "http://www.musicxml.org/dtds/partwise.dtd">
<score-partwise version="3.1">
  <part-list>
    <score-part id="P1">
      <part-name>Music</part-name>
    </score-part>
  </part-list>
  <part id="P1">
    <measure number="1">
      <attributes>
        <divisions>1</divisions>
        <key>
          <fifths>0</fifths>
        </key>
        <time>
          <beats>4</beats>
          <beat-type>4</beat-type>
        </time>
        <clef>
          <sign>G</sign>
          <line>2</line>
        </clef>
      </attributes>
      <note>
        <pitch>
          <step>C</step>
          <octave>4</octave>
        </pitch>
        <duration>4</duration>
        <type>whole</type>
      </note>
    </measure>
  </part>
</score-partwise>

The textual representation listed above is verbose; MusicXML v2.0 addresses this by adding a compressed zip format with a .mxl suffix that can make files roughly one-twentieth the size of the uncompressed version.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Type name: application : Subtype name: vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml". Iana.org. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  2. ^ "Type name: application : Subtype name: vnd.recordare.musicxml". Iana.org. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Working group releases its first MusicXML update". ScoringNotes.com. NYC Music Services. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  4. ^ "Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections — MusicXML, Version 3". Library of Congress. 9 October 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  5. ^ a b "W3C Community Final Specification Agreement". W3C. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Recordare Closing Release" (PDF). Makemusic.com. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  7. ^ "MAKEMUSIC, INC. ENHANCES TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP BY PURCHASING RECORDARE ASSETS" (PDF). Tech.mn. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  8. ^ "Beyond iTunes: XML boffins target sheet music". The Register. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  9. ^ "Compressed MXL Files". MusicXML. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  10. ^ "Version History of MusicXML". Musicxml.com. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  11. ^ "News: Recordare Adds Finale 2010 Support to Dolet 5 for Finale Plug-In".
  12. ^ "Software". MusicXML. 2010-03-19. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  13. ^ "File format". MuseScore. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  14. ^ "HTML5 MusicXML Viewer". Musicxml-viewer.com. 2012-05-15. Archived from the original on 2016-04-03. Retrieved 2014-06-27. Source code available in Google Code, Github and Bitbucket.
  15. ^ Juan Pablo Bello, Elaine Chew, Douglas Turnbull (2008) ISMIR 2008: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference p.365
  16. ^ "Hello World: A One-Bar Song with a Whole Note on Middle C in 4/4 time". Musicxml.com. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  17. ^ "MusicXML FAQ". MusicXML. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
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