Half-metal: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Half metar sattar.JPG|thumb|Electronic structure of a half-metal that is conducting in the minority spin channel.]] |
[[Image:Half metar sattar.JPG|thumb|Electronic structure of a half-metal that is conducting in the minority spin channel.]] |
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A '''half-metal''' is any substance that acts as a [[Electrical conductor|conductor]] to [[electron]]s of one [[spin (physics)|spin]] orientation, but as an [[Electrical insulation|insulator]] or [[semiconductor]] to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are [[Ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]] (or [[Ferrimagnetism|ferrimagnetic]]), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are [[oxide]]s, [[sulfide]]s, or [[Heusler alloy]]s.<ref name=COEY02>{{cite journal |first1=J.M.D. |last1=Coey |first2=M.|last2=Venkatesan|year=2002 |title=Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2|journal=Journal of Applied Physics |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages= |
A '''half-metal''' is any substance that acts as a [[Electrical conductor|conductor]] to [[electron]]s of one [[spin (physics)|spin]] orientation, but as an [[Electrical insulation|insulator]] or [[semiconductor]] to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are [[Ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]] (or [[Ferrimagnetism|ferrimagnetic]]), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are [[oxide]]s, [[sulfide]]s, or [[Heusler alloy]]s.<ref name=COEY02>{{cite journal |first1=J.M.D. |last1=Coey |first2=M.|last2=Venkatesan|year=2002 |title=Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2 |journal=Journal of Applied Physics |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=8345–50 |doi=10.1063/1.1447879 |bibcode = 2002JAP....91.8345C }}</ref> |
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In half-metals, the valence band for one spin orientation is partially filled while there is a gap in the density of states for the other spin orientation. This results in conducting behavior for only electrons in the first spin orientation. In some half-metals, the majority spin channel is the conducting one while in others the minority channel is. |
In half-metals, the valence band for one spin orientation is partially filled while there is a gap in the density of states for the other spin orientation. This results in conducting behavior for only electrons in the first spin orientation. In some half-metals, the majority spin channel is the conducting one while in others the minority channel is.{{fact}} |
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Some notable half-metals are [[chromium(IV) oxide]], [[magnetite]], and [[lanthanum strontium manganite]] (LSMO),<ref name=COEY02/> as well as [[chromium arsenide]]. Half-metals have attracted some interest for their potential use in [[spintronics]]. |
Some notable half-metals are [[chromium(IV) oxide]], [[magnetite]], and [[lanthanum strontium manganite]] (LSMO),<ref name=COEY02/> as well as [[chromium arsenide]]. Half-metals have attracted some interest for their potential use in [[spintronics]].{{fact}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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* Heusler alloys : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030488531630381X |
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==Further reading== |
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* Son, Y.W.; Cohen, M.L.; Louie, S.G. (2006). Half-metallic graphene nanoribbons ''Nature'' '''444''': 347-349. {{doi|10.1038/nature05180}} |
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*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.04.056 }} |
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*{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature05180 }} |
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Revision as of 18:05, 3 January 2018
A half-metal is any substance that acts as a conductor to electrons of one spin orientation, but as an insulator or semiconductor to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are oxides, sulfides, or Heusler alloys.[1]
In half-metals, the valence band for one spin orientation is partially filled while there is a gap in the density of states for the other spin orientation. This results in conducting behavior for only electrons in the first spin orientation. In some half-metals, the majority spin channel is the conducting one while in others the minority channel is.[citation needed]
Some notable half-metals are chromium(IV) oxide, magnetite, and lanthanum strontium manganite (LSMO),[1] as well as chromium arsenide. Half-metals have attracted some interest for their potential use in spintronics.[citation needed]
References
- ^ a b Coey, J.M.D.; Venkatesan, M. (2002). "Half-metallic ferromagnetism: Example of CrO2". Journal of Applied Physics. 91 (10): 8345–50. Bibcode:2002JAP....91.8345C. doi:10.1063/1.1447879.
Further reading
- . doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.04.056.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - . doi:10.1038/nature05180.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~ah566/research/half_metals.html[full citation needed]
- http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/People/Michael.Coey/oxsen/newsletter/january98/halfmeta.htm[full citation needed]
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