Jump to content

User:W 307 Bin Trowbridge/sandbox: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
←Blanked the page
Tag: Blanking
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Henri
|image = Grand Duke Luxembourg Royal Wedding 2012.jpg
|caption = Henri at the wedding of [[Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg|his son]] in 2012
|succession = [[List of monarchs of Luxembourg|Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
|reign = 7 October 2000 – present
|predecessor = [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Jean]]
|suc-type = Heir apparent
|successor = [[Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Prince Guillaume]]
|reg-type = {{nowrap|[[List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg|Prime Ministers]]}}
|regent = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Jean-Claude Juncker]]<br>[[Xavier Bettel]]}}
|reign-type1 = Regency
|reign1 = 3 March 1998 – 7 October 2000
|spouse ={{marriage|[[Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|María Teresa Mestre y Batista]]|14 February 1981}}
|issue-link = #Marriage and family
|issue = [[Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Prince Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]<br>[[Prince Félix of Luxembourg|Prince Felix]]<br>[[Prince Louis of Luxembourg|Prince Louis]]<br>[[Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg|Princess Alexandra]]<br>[[Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg|Prince Sébastien]]
|house = [[House of Nassau-Weilburg|Nassau-Weilburg]] {{small|(official)}}<br>[[House of Bourbon-Parma|Bourbon-Parma]] {{small|([[Patrilineality|agnatic]])}}
|full name = Henri Albert Gabriel Félix Marie Guillaume
|father = [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
|mother = [[Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium|Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium]]
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|4|16|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Castle Betzdorf]], [[Betzdorf, Luxembourg|Betzdorf]], [[Luxembourg]].
|death_date =
|death_place =
|burial_place =
|religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
}}
{{Luxembourger Grand Ducal Family}}

'''Henri''' ({{lang-lb|Henri Albert Gabriel Félix Marie Guillaume}},<ref>[http://www.luxembourg.public.lu/en/le-grand-duche-se-presente/luxembourgeois-celebres_PHASE-II/souverains/grand-duc-henri/index.html "Grand Duke Henri (b. 1955)"], The official portal of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.</ref> {{IPA-lb|ˈɑ̃ːʀi|pron}}; born 16 April 1955) is the current [[List of monarchs of Luxembourg|Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], reigning since 7 October 2000. He is the eldest son of [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Jean]] and [[Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium|Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium]], and a first cousin of [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]], the king of the Belgians.

==Childhood==
[[File:Jean and Josephine-Charlotte with their children.jpg|thumb|right|Henri (far left) with his parents and siblings in 1963]]
Prince Henri was born on 16 April 1955, at the [[Betzdorf Castle]] in [[Luxembourg]] as the second child and first son of [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Prince Jean, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg]] and his wife, [[Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium]]. His father was the eldest son of [[Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg]] by her husband, [[Prince Félix of Bourbon-Parma]]. His mother was an only daughter of [[Leopold III of Belgium|King Leopold III of Belgium]] by his first wife, [[Astrid of Sweden]]. The prince's godparents were the [[Albert II of Belgium|Prince of Liège]] (his maternal uncle) and [[Princess Marie Gabriele of Luxembourg|Princess Marie Gabriele, countess of Holstein-Ledreborg]] (his paternal aunt).

Henri has four siblings: [[Archduchess Marie Astrid of Austria]] (born 1954), [[Prince Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1957), [[Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein]] (born 1957) and [[Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg]] (born 1963).

On 12 November 1964, when Henri was nine, his grandmother's [[abdication]] and his father's subsequent accession as grand duke made him [[heir apparent]]. As the grand duke's eldest son, he automatically took the title of [[hereditary grand duke]].

==Education==
Henri was educated in Luxembourg and in France, where he obtained his [[Bachelor's degree|baccalaureate]] in 1974. He then studied political science at [[University of Geneva]] and the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]], graduating in 1980. The Grand Duke also undertook military officer training at the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], England.

==Marriage and family==
While studying in Geneva, Henri met the Cuban-born [[Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|María Teresa Mestre y Batista]], who was also a political science student. They married in Luxembourg on 4 February/14 February 1981 with the previous consent of the grand duke, dated 7 November 1980.

The couple have five children:
* [[Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg|The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg]] (Guillaume Jean Joseph Marie), born 11 November 1981, married Belgian [[Stéphanie, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy]] on 19 and 20 October 2012 in Luxembourg.
* [[Prince Félix of Luxembourg|Prince Félix Léopold Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg]], born 3 June 1984, married German [[Princess Claire of Luxembourg|Claire Margareta Lademacher]] on 17 September 2013 (the civil wedding which took place in [[Königstein im Taunus]], Germany) and 21 September 2013 (the religious wedding which took place in [[Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume]], France). The couple have two children:
**[[Princess Amalia of Nassau|Princess Amalia Gabriela Maria Teresa of Nassau]], born 15 June 2014
**[[Prince Liam of Nassau|Prince Liam Henri Hartmut of Nassau]], born 28 November 2016
* [[Prince Louis of Luxembourg|Prince Louis Xavier Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg]], born 3 August 1986, married Luxembourgian [[Tessy Antony]] on 29 September 2006 in [[Gilsdorf]], Luxembourg. The couple divorced in 2017. They have two sons:
**Prince Gabriel Michael Louis Ronny of Nassau, born 12 March 2006
**Prince Noah Etienne Guillaume Gabriel Matthias Xavier of Nassau, born 21 September 2007
* [[Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg|Princess Alexandra Joséphine Teresa Charlotte Marie Wilhelmine of Luxembourg]], born 16 February 1991
* [[Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg|Prince Sébastien Henri Marie Guillaume of Luxembourg]], born 16 April 1992

==Constitutional position==
[[File:GrandDuc epouse heritier.jpg|thumb|The Grand Duke with his wife and heir apparent]]
[[File:Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.jpg|thumb|upright|The grand duke with his son Felix in New York during 2013 UN session]]
Prince Henri became heir apparent to the Luxembourg throne on the abdication of his paternal grandmother, Grand Duchess [[Charlotte of Luxembourg]], on 12 November 1964. From 1980 to 1998, he was a member of the [[Council of State of Luxembourg|Council of State]].

On 4 March 1998, Prince Henri was appointed as [[lieutenant representative]] by his father, Grand Duke Jean, meaning that he assumed most of his father's constitutional powers. On 7 October 2000, immediately following the abdication of his father, Henri acceded as [[grand duke of Luxembourg]] and took the constitutional oath before the [[Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)|Chamber of Deputies]] later that day.

===Euthanasia and constitutional reform controversies===
On 2 December 2008 it was announced that Grand Duke Henri had stated he would refuse to give his "[[royal assent|assent]]" to a new law on euthanasia that had been passed earlier in the year by the Chamber of Deputies. Under the constitution then, the grand duke "sanctions and promulgates the laws" meaning the need for the grand duke's sanction or "approval" was required in order for laws to take effect. In the absence of clarity on the long-term implications for the constitutional position of the grand duke posed by such a refusal, it was announced by Prime Minister [[Jean-Claude Juncker]] that a constitutional amendment would be brought forward amending the constitution.

The [[House of Bourbon-Parma|Luxembourg royal house]] had tried to block a decision by parliament only once before, when [[Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|Grand Duchess Marie-Adelaide]] refused to sign an education bill in 1912. The ultimate solution was that the grand duke would be declared unable to perform his duty temporarily; this was similar to the 'escape route' provided to his uncle King [[Baudouin of Belgium]] when he refused to sign an abortion law in 1991, and thus the law could take effect without the signature of the grand duke, but also without the need to enact far-reaching changes in the constitution.

Article 34 of the constitution was subsequently amended to remove the term "assent".<ref>http://data.legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2009/03/12/n1/jo</ref> Leaving the relevant provision to read "The Grand Duke promulgates the laws..." As a result, his signature is still needed but is clear that his signature is automatic and that he/she has no freedom of decision. The head of state no longer has to "sanction" laws for them to take effect; he merely promulgates them.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7763539.stm "Luxembourg to reduce duke's power"], BBC News, 3 December 2008.</ref>

==Role and interests==
[[File:Vladimir Putin in Luxembourg 24 May 2007-10.jpg|thumb|The Grand Duke with [[Vladimir Putin]] in May 2007]]
As the head of a constitutional monarchy, Grand Duke Henri's duties are primarily representative. However, he retains the constitutional power to appoint the [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg|prime minister]] and [[Government of Luxembourg|government]], to dissolve the [[Chamber of Deputies]], to promulgate laws and to accredit [[ambassador]]s.

Grand Duke Henri is commander-in-chief of the [[Luxembourg Army]], in which he holds the rank of general. He is also an honorary major in the British [[RAF Regiment]].

One of the grand duke's main functions is to represent Luxembourg in the field of foreign affairs. In May 2001, Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa undertook their first foreign state visit to Spain at the invitation of [[King Juan Carlos]] and [[Queen Sofia]].

Grand Duke Henri is a member of the [[International Olympic Committee]], a member of [[The Mentor Foundation]] (established by the [[World Health Organisation]]) and a director of the Charles Darwin Trust for the [[Galápagos Islands]].

The grand duke lives with his family at [[Berg Castle]] in Luxembourg. He also has a holiday home at [[Cabasson]], near [[Bormes-les-Mimosas]] in the south of France.

==Media and publicity==
[[File:The Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.jpg|thumb|left|The grand duke and grand duchess at the [[Wedding of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, and Daniel Westling|wedding of the Crown Princess of Sweden]] in 2010]]
Since the accession of Henri to the Grand Ducal Throne in 2000, the court's approach to media and publicity has varied markedly. In 2002, Grand Duke Henri expressly identified himself with a press conference called by [[Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|Grand Duchess Maria Teresa]] with a view to discussing with journalists the shortcomings of her personal relations with her mother-in-law Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte.

In contrast, when the grand ducal couple's first grandchild was born in 2006, the Court Circular pointedly omitted to mention the event, probably as the father [[Prince Louis of Luxembourg|Prince Louis]] was not married at the time. However, the pregnancy was announced in 2005, so the country was informed that the prince and his girlfriend were going to be parents. The press also had access to the child's baptism.

The grand ducal family's approach to media and publicity issues has given rise to media comment regarding the quality of communications advice which has been sought and followed. As well as the public airing of the difficulties between the grand duchess and her mother-in-law, several other events have resulted in adverse publicity, most notably: in 2004, the opening of parliament by the grand duke in person, the first time in over 100 years the monarch had done so; in 2005, the grand duke announced he intended to vote in favour of the [[European Constitution]] in the impending referendum, only to be reminded by senior politicians that he had no such right; the proposed sale of large tracts of the [[Grünewald (Luxembourg)|Gruenewald]] in the summer of 2006 shortly followed by the proposed sale (cancelled shortly afterwards) at [[Sotheby's]] of recently deceased Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte's effects.<ref>Revue 10 December 2008, Editions Revue S.A., Luxembourg</ref>

==Health==
On 3 February 2011, Henri was admitted to the [[Municipal Hospital (Luxembourg)|Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg]] on falling ill. Shortly after, the [[grand ducal court]] issued a statement saying that he was to undergo an [[angioplasty]]. The day after, the communications chief announced that the procedure had been a success. "The state of His Royal Highness' health is not disturbing," the statement read, before stating the grand duke may leave the hospital within the next few days. Although the reason has not formally been disclosed, it is reported that the grand duke felt ill after waking that day, and the court physician noticed circulation problems. It was then that he was rushed to hospital, to the cardiac unit, and was discharged the following day.

==Titles, styles, honours and awards==
===Titles and styles===
*'''16 April 1955 - 12 November 1964:''' ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Henri of Luxembourg, Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma
*'''12 November 1964 - 28 July 1987:''' ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Henri, The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma
*'''28 July 1987 - 7 October 2000:''' ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Henri, The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince of Nassau
*'''7 October 2000 – present:''' ''His Royal Highness'' The Grand Duke of Luxembourg

The Grand Duke's style and title in full: ''His Royal Highness Henri by the Grace of God, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen and Diez, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg and Eppstein''{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

On ascending the throne, Grand Duke Henri relinquished the styling "[[by the Grace of God]]", and in the laws, decrees, and official documents his name and title is: "Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau".{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

===Honours===
{{See also|List of honours of the Luxembourgish Grand-Ducal Family by country}}

====National honours and awards====
*Co-Grand Master of the [[Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau]]
*Grand Master of the military and civil [[Order of Adolphe of Nassau]]
*Grand Master of the [[Order of the Oak Crown]]
*Grand Master of the [[Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]]
*Grand Collier of the [http://www.monarchie.lu/fr/galeries/evenements/2010/11/PrixMeriteEuropeen/index.html?highlight=collier Fondation du Mérite européen]

====Foreign honours and awards====
* {{flag|Austria}}: Grand Star of the [[Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]]<ref name="aut2013">{{cite web |url=http://royautes.ek.la/henri-et-maria-teresa-en-autriche-a83173534 |title=L'actualité des royautés, "Henri et Maria Teresa en Autriche" |language=French |accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]] (1994)<ref>[http://www.belgaimage.be/#/image/6345421 Photographic image]. Belga Images.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://royalementblog.blogspot.be/2011/07/visite-detat-belge-au-luxembourg.html|title=Royalement Blog: Visite d'Etat belge au Luxembourg|publisher=|accessdate=22 July 2016}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Brazil}}: Grand Collar of the [[Order of the Southern Cross]] (3 December 2007)<ref name="BrazGD">[http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/diarios/846346/dou-edicao-extra-secao-1-03-12-2007-pg-3 DECRETO DE 3 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2007] - website JusBrasil</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Elephant]]<ref>https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--8p6AUIqeHA/VvrctrZUgxI/AAAAAAAAdEI/2pawqVPY1NMkvhS4UJ9pHK8LXPLbP7kRQ/s1600/1the%2Bgrand%2Bduke-H.R.H.%2BGrand%2BDuke%2BHenri%2Bof%2BLuxembourg%2B%2Bf.jpg</ref><ref>http://www4.pictures.zimbio.com/bg/Grand+Duchess+Luxembourg+Grand+Duke+Luxembourg+ZTi4K33dkwxl.jpg</ref><ref>http://www.gettyimages.com/license/50838091</ref>
* {{flag|Estonia}}: Collar of the [[Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana]] (5 May 2003)<ref>[https://www.president.ee/en/estonia/decorations/bearer/427/henri Estonian State decorations], 05/05/2003</ref>
* {{flag|Finland}}: Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of the White Rose of Finland]] (November 2008)<ref>[http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2008/11/fin-de-la-visite-de-la-presidente-finlandaise-au-luxembourg/ "Noblesse et Royautés" website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710001217/http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2008/11/fin-de-la-visite-de-la-presidente-finlandaise-au-luxembourg/ |date=10 July 2013 }}, article with photos of gala dinner</ref><ref>[http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2008/11-novembre/24-visite-etat-finlande/index.html www.gouvernement.lu] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524172353/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2008/11-novembre/24-visite-etat-finlande/index.html |date=24 May 2013 }}, State visit of President [[Tarja Halonen]] in Luxembourg in november 2008 (article in French with photos showing the decorations)</ref>
* {{Flag|Greece}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Redeemer]] (July 2001)<ref>[http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2001/07/10hellenique/index.html www.gouvernement.lu/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110124818/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2001/07/10hellenique/index.html |date=10 January 2013 }}, State visit of President Stephanopoulos in Luxembourg, July 2001</ref>
* {{flagu|Italy}}: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] (14 March 2003)<ref>[http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2009/02/luxembourg-diner-de-gala-en-lhonneur-du-president-italien/ "Noblesse et Royautes" website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202000/http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2009/02/luxembourg-diner-de-gala-en-lhonneur-du-president-italien/ |date=4 March 2016 }}, State visit of Italian President Napolitano in Luxembourg, february 2009</ref>
* {{flag|Japan}}: [[Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum]] (27 November 2017)<ref>[http://www.luxarazzi.com/2017/11/state-visit-to-japan-day-1.html?m=1 Luxarazzi]</ref>
* {{flagu|Latvia}}: Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the [[Order of the Three Stars]] (5 December 2006)<ref>Latvian Presidency, [http://www.president.lv/images/modules/items/PDF/20120528_tzo_registrs_majaslapa.doc Recipients list (.doc)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502004044/http://www.president.lv/images/modules/items/PDF/20120528_tzo_registrs_majaslapa.doc |date=2 May 2013 }}</ref>
* {{flagu|Mali}}: Grand Cross of the [[National Order of Mali]] (9 November 2005)<ref>[http://tomwag.com/twg2/v/Archiv/Archiv2005/20051109-27107/27194m8576.jpg.html Agency photo] taken during the [http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2005/11/09mali/index.html state visit] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110160815/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2005/11/09mali/index.html |date=10 January 2013 }} (French) of Malian President [[Amadou Toumani Touré]] in Luxembourg in November 2005.</ref>
* {{flagu|Netherlands}}: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]] (24 April 2006)<ref name="Adolf">{{cite web|url=http://www.theroyalforums.com/forums/f17/state-visit-from-luxembourg-to-the-netherlands-april-24th-26th-2006-a-9073-3.html|title=State Visit from Luxembourg to The Netherlands: April 24-26, 2006 - Page 3 - The Royal Forums|publisher=|accessdate=22 July 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2012/03/diner-de-gala-au-palais-grand-ducal-de-luxembourg/ "Noblesse et Royautes" website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424104234/http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2012/03/diner-de-gala-au-palais-grand-ducal-de-luxembourg/ |date=24 April 2012 }}, State visit of Queen Beatrix in Luxembourg, 21-23 march 2012</ref>
* {{Flagu|Poland}}: Knight of the [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]] (2014)<ref>President's decision [http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WMP20140000728 M.P. z 2014 r. poz. 728]</ref>
* {{flagu|Portugal}}: Grand Collar of the [[Order of Prince Henry]] (6 May 2005)<ref>[https://dre.pt/web/guest/home/-/dre/3425351/details/maximized Alvará n.º 23/2005]. Diário da República n.º 218/2005, Série II de 2005-11-14</ref>
* {{flagu|Portugal}}: Grand Collar of the [[Military Order of Saint James of the Sword]] (7 September 2010)<ref>[https://dre.pt/web/guest/home/-/dre/3024857/details/maximized Alvará (extracto) n.º 16/2010]. Diário da República n.º 219/2010, Série II de 2010-11-11. p.55733.</ref>
* {{flag|Portugal}}: Grand Collar of the [[Order of Liberty]] (23 May 2017)<ref>[https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dtVqdZzJibY/WSS12cwzAhI/AAAAAAABYs0/5FiC56OVUIAzTRjOVrQKvRNVv9N02bBDwCLcB/s595/Maria-Teresa-Stephanie-Gala-1.jpg State visit in Luxembourg]</ref><ref>[https://dre.pt/web/guest/home/-/dre/107677377/details/maximized Alvará (extrato) n.º 7/2017]. Diário da República n.º 133/2017, Série II de 2017-07-12, p. 14444</ref>
* {{flag|Romania}}: Collar of the [[Order of the Star of Romania]] (2004)<ref name="RomSt">Romanian Presidency website, [http://canord.presidency.ro/Ord.St.Rom..xls Recipients of the order (Excel sheet)]</ref>
* {{flag|Slovakia}}: Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the [[Order of the White Double Cross]] (2002)<ref>Slovak republic website, [http://www.slovak-republic.org/symbols/honours/ State honours] (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table) : 1st Class received by Grand-Duke in 2002, i.e. during the [http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2002/11/12slovaquie/index.html state visit] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110132627/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2002/11/12slovaquie/index.html |date=10 January 2013 }} (French) of President [[Rudolf Schuster]] in Luxembourg (november 2002).</ref>
* {{flag|SMOM}}: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]
* {{flag|Spain}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]] (13 April 2007)<ref>Real Decreto 474/2007. [http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2007/04/14/pdfs/A16516-16516.pdf Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 90, de 14 de abril de 2007, p. 16516]</ref><ref name=Spain>[http://www.casareal.es/noticias/news/20070416_Viaje_Estado_Luxemburgo-ides-idweb.html Spanish Royal Family website], State visit of Juan Carlos & Sofia in Luxembourg, April 2007, [http://www.casareal.es/noticias/images/20070416_luxemburgo_salida1/20070416_luxemburgo_cena_gala.jpg Photo] of the Sovereign couples</ref>
* {{flag|Spain}}: Knight of the Collar of the [[Order of Charles III]] (11 May 2001)<ref name=Spain /><ref>Real Decreto 3198/1980. [http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1981/05/07/pdfs/A09813-09813.pdf Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 109, de 7 de mayo de 1981, p. 9813]</ref><ref>Real Decreto 525/2001. [http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2001/05/12/pdfs/A17204-17204.pdf Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 114, de 12 de mayo de 2001, p. 17204]</ref>
* {{flag|Sweden}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Seraphim]] (12 September 1983)<ref>[http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2010/06/les-invites-royaux-au-mariage-princier-fin/ "Noblesse et Royautes" website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123012648/http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2010/06/les-invites-royaux-au-mariage-princier-fin/ |date=23 January 2011 }}, Victoria of Sweden's wedding, June 2010</ref>
* {{flag|Sweden}}: Recipient of the [[Royal Jubilee Commemorative Medals|50th Birthday Badge Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/news-photo/50th-anniversary-of-king-carl-gustav-of-sweden-in-stockholm-news-photo/115116370|title=50Th Anniversary Of King Carl Gustav Of Sweden In Stockholm, Sweden On April 30, 1996. Pictures - Getty Images|publisher=|accessdate=22 July 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag|Turkey}}: Member of the [[Order of the State of Republic of Turkey]] (19 November 2013)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tccb.gov.tr/news/397/87797/grand-duke-henri-of-luxembourg-at-the-cankaya-presidential-palace.html|title=Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg at the Çankaya Presidential Palace|date=19 November 2013|publisher=Presidency of the Republic of Turkey|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tccb.gov.tr/images/photoalbum/2013-konuk/k-20131119-luksemburg-17-karsilama.jpg|title=Hata Sayfası|publisher=|accessdate=22 July 2016}}</ref>
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]]<ref>http://www.gettyimages.com/license/113265385</ref>
* {{flag|Vatican}}: Knight with the Collar of the [[Order of Pope Pius IX]]<ref>http://www.gettyimages.com/license/57555397</ref>

====Dynastic honours====
*{{flag|House of Savoy}}: Knight of the [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation]]

==Ancestors==
{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
<center>{{ahnentafel-compact5
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|border=1
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg'''
|2= 2. [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
|3= 3. [[Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium]]
|4= 4. [[Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma]]
|5= 5. [[Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg]]
|6= 6. [[Leopold III of Belgium]]
|7= 7. [[Astrid of Sweden|Princess Astrid of Sweden]]
|8= 8. [[Robert I, Duke of Parma]]
|9= 9. [[Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal]]
|10= 10. [[William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
|11= 11. [[Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal]]
|12= 12. [[Albert I of Belgium]]
|13= 13. [[Elisabeth of Bavaria (1876–1965)|Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria]]
|14= 14. [[Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Ingeborg of Denmark]]
|16= 16. [[Charles III, Duke of Parma]]
|17= 17. [[Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois|Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France]]
|18= 18. [[Miguel of Portugal]]
|19= 19. [[Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg|Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]]
|20= 20. [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
|21= 21. [[Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau]]
|22= 22. [[Miguel of Portugal]] (=18)
|23= 23. [[Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg|Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]] (=19)
|24= 24. [[Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders]]
|25= 25. [[Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]]
|26= 26. [[Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria]]
|27= 27. [[Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal]]
|28= 28. [[Oscar II of Sweden]]
|29= 29. [[Sofia of Nassau|Princess Sofia of Nassau]]
|30= 30. [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
|31= 31. [[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden]]
}}</center>
{{Ahnentafel bottom}}

===Patrilineal descent===
<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%"
! Patrilineal descent
|-
|
Henri's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son.

[[Patrilineal descent]] is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that if Grand Duke Henri were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Robert, as all his male-line ancestors have been of that house.

Henri is a member of the [[House of Bourbon-Parma]], a sub-branch of the [[Spanish Bourbons|House of Bourbon-Spain]], itself originally a branch of the [[House of Bourbon]], and thus of the [[Capetian dynasty]] and of the [[Robertians]].

Henri's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Dukes of Parma as well as the Kings of Spain, France, and Navarre. The line can be traced back more than 1,200 years from Robert of Hesbaye to the present day, through Kings of France & Navarre, Spain and Two-Sicilies, Dukes of Parma and Grand-Dukes of Luxembourg, Princes of Orléans and Emperors of Brazil. It is one of the oldest in Europe.

#Robert II of Worms and Rheingau ([[Robert of Hesbaye]]), 770–807
#[[Robert III of Worms]] and Rheingau, 808–834
#[[Robert IV the Strong]], 820–866
#[[Robert I of France]], 866–923
#[[Hugh the Great]], 895–956
#[[Hugh Capet]], 941–996
#[[Robert II of France]], 972–1031
#[[Henry I of France]], 1008–1060
#[[Philip I of France]], 1053–1108
#[[Louis VI of France]], 1081–1137
#[[Louis VII of France]], 1120–1180
#[[Philip II of France]], 1165–1223
#[[Louis VIII of France]], 1187–1226
#[[Louis IX of France]], 1215–1270
#[[Robert, Count of Clermont]], 1256–1317
#[[Louis I, Duke of Bourbon]], 1279–1342
#[[James I, Count of La Marche]], 1319–1362
#[[John I, Count of La Marche]], 1344–1393
#[[Louis, Count of Vendôme]], 1376–1446
#[[Jean VIII, Count of Vendôme]], 1428–1478
#[[François, Count of Vendôme]], 1470–1495
#[[Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme]], 1489–1537
#[[Antoine of Navarre]], 1518–1562
#[[Henry IV of France]], 1553–1610
#[[Louis XIII of France]], 1601–1643
#[[Louis XIV of France]], 1638–1715
#[[Louis, Grand Dauphin|Louis, Dauphin of France]], 1661–1711
#[[Philip V of Spain]], 1683–1746
#[[Philip, Duke of Parma]], 1720–1765
#[[Ferdinand, Duke of Parma]], 1751–1802
#[[Louis of Etruria]], 1773–1803
#[[Charles II, Duke of Parma]], 1799–1883
#[[Charles III, Duke of Parma]], 1823–1854
#[[Robert I, Duke of Parma]], 1848–1907
#[[Felix of Bourbon-Parma]], 1893–1970
#[[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], born 1921
#Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, born 1955
|}
</div>

==See also==
*[[Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg}}
*[http://www.monarchie.lu/fr/famille/grand-duc/index.html Official website]
*[http://www.mentorfoundation.org/ The Mentor Foundation]

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Nassau-Weilburg]]|16 April|1955|Living|}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Jean]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]|years=2000–present}}
{{s-inc|heir=[[Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Guillaume]]|heir-type=Heir apparent}}
{{s-end}}

{{Princes of Luxembourg}}
{{Princes of Nassau}}
{{Princes of Parma}}
{{Monarchs of Nassau}}
{{Monarchs of Luxembourg}}
{{Current sovereigns}}
{{Heads of state of the European Union Member states}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henri, Grand Duke Of Luxembourg}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Grand Dukes of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:International Olympic Committee members]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Luxembourgian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of State of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:People from Betzdorf, Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Pretenders]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]
[[Category:University of Geneva alumni]]
[[Category:Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni]]
<!-- Orders and honours -->
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Oak Crown]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria]]
[[Category:Grand Collars of the Order of the Southern Cross]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Southern Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX]]
[[Category:Knights of Malta]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the National Order of Mali]]
[[Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Saint James of the Sword]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword]]
[[Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Double Cross]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Liberty]]

Revision as of 01:05, 4 January 2018

Henri
Henri at the wedding of his son in 2012
Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Reign7 October 2000 – present
PredecessorJean
Heir apparentPrince Guillaume
Prime Ministers
See list
Regency3 March 1998 – 7 October 2000
Born (1955-04-16) 16 April 1955 (age 69)
Castle Betzdorf, Betzdorf, Luxembourg.
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1981)​
Issue
Detail		Prince Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Prince Felix
Prince Louis
Princess Alexandra
Prince Sébastien
Names
Henri Albert Gabriel Félix Marie Guillaume
HouseNassau-Weilburg (official)
Bourbon-Parma (agnatic)
FatherJean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
MotherJoséphine-Charlotte of Belgium
ReligionRoman Catholic

Henri (Template:Lang-lb,[1] pronounced [ˈɑ̃ːʀi]; born 16 April 1955) is the current Grand Duke of Luxembourg, reigning since 7 October 2000. He is the eldest son of Grand Duke Jean and Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium, and a first cousin of Philippe, the king of the Belgians.

Childhood

File:Jean and Josephine-Charlotte with their children.jpg
Henri (far left) with his parents and siblings in 1963

Prince Henri was born on 16 April 1955, at the Betzdorf Castle in Luxembourg as the second child and first son of Prince Jean, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg and his wife, Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium. His father was the eldest son of Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg by her husband, Prince Félix of Bourbon-Parma. His mother was an only daughter of King Leopold III of Belgium by his first wife, Astrid of Sweden. The prince's godparents were the Prince of Liège (his maternal uncle) and Princess Marie Gabriele, countess of Holstein-Ledreborg (his paternal aunt).

Henri has four siblings: Archduchess Marie Astrid of Austria (born 1954), Prince Jean of Luxembourg (born 1957), Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein (born 1957) and Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg (born 1963).

On 12 November 1964, when Henri was nine, his grandmother's abdication and his father's subsequent accession as grand duke made him heir apparent. As the grand duke's eldest son, he automatically took the title of hereditary grand duke.

Education

Henri was educated in Luxembourg and in France, where he obtained his baccalaureate in 1974. He then studied political science at University of Geneva and the Graduate Institute of International Studies, graduating in 1980. The Grand Duke also undertook military officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, England.

Marriage and family

While studying in Geneva, Henri met the Cuban-born María Teresa Mestre y Batista, who was also a political science student. They married in Luxembourg on 4 February/14 February 1981 with the previous consent of the grand duke, dated 7 November 1980.

The couple have five children:

Constitutional position

The Grand Duke with his wife and heir apparent
The grand duke with his son Felix in New York during 2013 UN session

Prince Henri became heir apparent to the Luxembourg throne on the abdication of his paternal grandmother, Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg, on 12 November 1964. From 1980 to 1998, he was a member of the Council of State.

On 4 March 1998, Prince Henri was appointed as lieutenant representative by his father, Grand Duke Jean, meaning that he assumed most of his father's constitutional powers. On 7 October 2000, immediately following the abdication of his father, Henri acceded as grand duke of Luxembourg and took the constitutional oath before the Chamber of Deputies later that day.

Euthanasia and constitutional reform controversies

On 2 December 2008 it was announced that Grand Duke Henri had stated he would refuse to give his "assent" to a new law on euthanasia that had been passed earlier in the year by the Chamber of Deputies. Under the constitution then, the grand duke "sanctions and promulgates the laws" meaning the need for the grand duke's sanction or "approval" was required in order for laws to take effect. In the absence of clarity on the long-term implications for the constitutional position of the grand duke posed by such a refusal, it was announced by Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker that a constitutional amendment would be brought forward amending the constitution.

The Luxembourg royal house had tried to block a decision by parliament only once before, when Grand Duchess Marie-Adelaide refused to sign an education bill in 1912. The ultimate solution was that the grand duke would be declared unable to perform his duty temporarily; this was similar to the 'escape route' provided to his uncle King Baudouin of Belgium when he refused to sign an abortion law in 1991, and thus the law could take effect without the signature of the grand duke, but also without the need to enact far-reaching changes in the constitution.

Article 34 of the constitution was subsequently amended to remove the term "assent".[2] Leaving the relevant provision to read "The Grand Duke promulgates the laws..." As a result, his signature is still needed but is clear that his signature is automatic and that he/she has no freedom of decision. The head of state no longer has to "sanction" laws for them to take effect; he merely promulgates them.[3]

Role and interests

The Grand Duke with Vladimir Putin in May 2007

As the head of a constitutional monarchy, Grand Duke Henri's duties are primarily representative. However, he retains the constitutional power to appoint the prime minister and government, to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, to promulgate laws and to accredit ambassadors.

Grand Duke Henri is commander-in-chief of the Luxembourg Army, in which he holds the rank of general. He is also an honorary major in the British RAF Regiment.

One of the grand duke's main functions is to represent Luxembourg in the field of foreign affairs. In May 2001, Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa undertook their first foreign state visit to Spain at the invitation of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia.

Grand Duke Henri is a member of the International Olympic Committee, a member of The Mentor Foundation (established by the World Health Organisation) and a director of the Charles Darwin Trust for the Galápagos Islands.

The grand duke lives with his family at Berg Castle in Luxembourg. He also has a holiday home at Cabasson, near Bormes-les-Mimosas in the south of France.

Media and publicity

The grand duke and grand duchess at the wedding of the Crown Princess of Sweden in 2010

Since the accession of Henri to the Grand Ducal Throne in 2000, the court's approach to media and publicity has varied markedly. In 2002, Grand Duke Henri expressly identified himself with a press conference called by Grand Duchess Maria Teresa with a view to discussing with journalists the shortcomings of her personal relations with her mother-in-law Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte.

In contrast, when the grand ducal couple's first grandchild was born in 2006, the Court Circular pointedly omitted to mention the event, probably as the father Prince Louis was not married at the time. However, the pregnancy was announced in 2005, so the country was informed that the prince and his girlfriend were going to be parents. The press also had access to the child's baptism.

The grand ducal family's approach to media and publicity issues has given rise to media comment regarding the quality of communications advice which has been sought and followed. As well as the public airing of the difficulties between the grand duchess and her mother-in-law, several other events have resulted in adverse publicity, most notably: in 2004, the opening of parliament by the grand duke in person, the first time in over 100 years the monarch had done so; in 2005, the grand duke announced he intended to vote in favour of the European Constitution in the impending referendum, only to be reminded by senior politicians that he had no such right; the proposed sale of large tracts of the Gruenewald in the summer of 2006 shortly followed by the proposed sale (cancelled shortly afterwards) at Sotheby's of recently deceased Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte's effects.[4]

Health

On 3 February 2011, Henri was admitted to the Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg on falling ill. Shortly after, the grand ducal court issued a statement saying that he was to undergo an angioplasty. The day after, the communications chief announced that the procedure had been a success. "The state of His Royal Highness' health is not disturbing," the statement read, before stating the grand duke may leave the hospital within the next few days. Although the reason has not formally been disclosed, it is reported that the grand duke felt ill after waking that day, and the court physician noticed circulation problems. It was then that he was rushed to hospital, to the cardiac unit, and was discharged the following day.

Titles, styles, honours and awards

Titles and styles

  • 16 April 1955 - 12 November 1964: His Royal Highness Prince Henri of Luxembourg, Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma
  • 12 November 1964 - 28 July 1987: His Royal Highness Prince Henri, The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma
  • 28 July 1987 - 7 October 2000: His Royal Highness Prince Henri, The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Prince of Nassau
  • 7 October 2000 – present: His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Luxembourg

The Grand Duke's style and title in full: His Royal Highness Henri by the Grace of God, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen and Diez, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg and Eppstein[citation needed]

On ascending the throne, Grand Duke Henri relinquished the styling "by the Grace of God", and in the laws, decrees, and official documents his name and title is: "Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau".[citation needed]

Honours

See also: List of honours of the Luxembourgish Grand-Ducal Family by country

National honours and awards

Foreign honours and awards

Dynastic honours

Ancestors

Family of W 307 Bin Trowbridge/sandbox
16. Charles III, Duke of Parma
8. Robert I, Duke of Parma
17. Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France
4. Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma
18. Miguel of Portugal
9. Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal
19. Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
2. Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
20. Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
10. William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
21. Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau
5. Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
22. Miguel of Portugal (=18)
11. Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal
23. Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (=19)
1. Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
24. Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders
12. Albert I of Belgium
25. Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
6. Leopold III of Belgium
26. Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria
13. Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria
27. Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal
3. Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium
28. Oscar II of Sweden
14. Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
29. Princess Sofia of Nassau
7. Princess Astrid of Sweden
30. Frederick VIII of Denmark
15. Princess Ingeborg of Denmark
31. Princess Louise of Sweden

Patrilineal descent

See also

References

  1. ^ "Grand Duke Henri (b. 1955)", The official portal of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
  2. ^ http://data.legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2009/03/12/n1/jo
  3. ^ "Luxembourg to reduce duke's power", BBC News, 3 December 2008.
  4. ^ Revue 10 December 2008, Editions Revue S.A., Luxembourg
  5. ^ "L'actualité des royautés, "Henri et Maria Teresa en Autriche"" (in French). Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  6. ^ Photographic image. Belga Images.
  7. ^ "Royalement Blog: Visite d'Etat belge au Luxembourg". Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  8. ^ DECRETO DE 3 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2007 - website JusBrasil
  9. ^ https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--8p6AUIqeHA/VvrctrZUgxI/AAAAAAAAdEI/2pawqVPY1NMkvhS4UJ9pHK8LXPLbP7kRQ/s1600/1the%2Bgrand%2Bduke-H.R.H.%2BGrand%2BDuke%2BHenri%2Bof%2BLuxembourg%2B%2Bf.jpg
  10. ^ http://www4.pictures.zimbio.com/bg/Grand+Duchess+Luxembourg+Grand+Duke+Luxembourg+ZTi4K33dkwxl.jpg
  11. ^ http://www.gettyimages.com/license/50838091
  12. ^ Estonian State decorations, 05/05/2003
  13. ^ "Noblesse et Royautés" website Archived 10 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine, article with photos of gala dinner
  14. ^ www.gouvernement.lu Archived 24 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, State visit of President Tarja Halonen in Luxembourg in november 2008 (article in French with photos showing the decorations)
  15. ^ www.gouvernement.lu/ Archived 10 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, State visit of President Stephanopoulos in Luxembourg, July 2001
  16. ^ "Noblesse et Royautes" website Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, State visit of Italian President Napolitano in Luxembourg, february 2009
  17. ^ Luxarazzi
  18. ^ Latvian Presidency, Recipients list (.doc) Archived 2 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Agency photo taken during the state visit Archived 10 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine (French) of Malian President Amadou Toumani Touré in Luxembourg in November 2005.
  20. ^ "State Visit from Luxembourg to The Netherlands: April 24-26, 2006 - Page 3 - The Royal Forums". Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  21. ^ "Noblesse et Royautes" website Archived 24 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, State visit of Queen Beatrix in Luxembourg, 21-23 march 2012
  22. ^ President's decision M.P. z 2014 r. poz. 728
  23. ^ Alvará n.º 23/2005. Diário da República n.º 218/2005, Série II de 2005-11-14
  24. ^ Alvará (extracto) n.º 16/2010. Diário da República n.º 219/2010, Série II de 2010-11-11. p.55733.
  25. ^ State visit in Luxembourg
  26. ^ Alvará (extrato) n.º 7/2017. Diário da República n.º 133/2017, Série II de 2017-07-12, p. 14444
  27. ^ Romanian Presidency website, Recipients of the order (Excel sheet)
  28. ^ Slovak republic website, State honours (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table) : 1st Class received by Grand-Duke in 2002, i.e. during the state visit Archived 10 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine (French) of President Rudolf Schuster in Luxembourg (november 2002).
  29. ^ Real Decreto 474/2007. Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 90, de 14 de abril de 2007, p. 16516
  30. ^ a b Spanish Royal Family website, State visit of Juan Carlos & Sofia in Luxembourg, April 2007, Photo of the Sovereign couples
  31. ^ Real Decreto 3198/1980. Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 109, de 7 de mayo de 1981, p. 9813
  32. ^ Real Decreto 525/2001. Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 114, de 12 de mayo de 2001, p. 17204
  33. ^ "Noblesse et Royautes" website Archived 23 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Victoria of Sweden's wedding, June 2010
  34. ^ "50Th Anniversary Of King Carl Gustav Of Sweden In Stockholm, Sweden On April 30, 1996. Pictures - Getty Images". Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  35. ^ "Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg at the Çankaya Presidential Palace". Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. 19 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  36. ^ "Hata Sayfası". Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  37. ^ http://www.gettyimages.com/license/113265385
  38. ^ http://www.gettyimages.com/license/57555397
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
W 307 Bin Trowbridge/sandbox
Born: 16 April 1955
Regnal titles
Preceded by Grand Duke of Luxembourg
2000–present 		Incumbent
Heir apparent:
Guillaume
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=User:W_307_Bin_Trowbridge/sandbox&oldid=818519411"