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[[File:Zojo-ji temple from Tokyo Tower.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Zojoji as seen from [[Tokyo Tower]]]]
[[File:Zojo-ji temple from Tokyo Tower.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Zojoji as seen from [[Tokyo Tower]]]]


{{nihongo|San'en-zan '''Zōjō-ji'''|三縁山増上寺}} is a [[Jōdo-shū]] [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Buddhist temple]] in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]. It is the main temple of the [[Jōdo-shū]] ("Pure Land") Chinzei sect of Buddhism in the [[Kanto region]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3010.html |title=Zojoji Temple |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Japan Guide |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zojoji.or.jp/en/index.html#history |title=Zōjō-ji: History |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Zōjō-ji |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref>.
{{nihongo|San'en-zan '''Zōjō-ji'''|三縁山増上寺}} is a [[Jōdo-shū]] [[Buddhist temples in Japan|Buddhist temple]] in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]. It is the main temple of the [[Jōdo-shū]] ("Pure Land") Chinzei sect of Buddhism in the [[Kanto region]],.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3010.html |title=Zojoji Temple |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Japan Guide |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zojoji.or.jp/en/index.html#history |title=Zōjō-ji: History |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Zōjō-ji |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref>


Zōjō-ji is notable for its relationship with the [[Tokugawa clan]], the rulers of Japan during the [[Edo period]], with six of the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa shoguns]] being buried in the [[Taitoku-in Mausoleum]] in the temple grounds. Also, the temple's ''Sangadetsumon'' (main gate) is the oldest wooden building in Tokyo, dating from 1622.
Zōjō-ji is notable for its relationship with the [[Tokugawa clan]], the rulers of Japan during the [[Edo period]], with six of the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa shoguns]] being buried in the [[Taitoku-in Mausoleum]] in the temple grounds. Also, the temple's ''Sangadetsumon'' (main gate) is the oldest wooden building in Tokyo, dating from 1622.


It is located in the [[Shiba, Tokyo|Shiba]] neighborhood of [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]. The [[Shiba Park]] is built around the temple, with the [[Tokyo Tower]] standing beside it. In 2015 a Treasure Gallery was opened on the undeground level of the ''Daiden'' (great hall), and it currently houses paintings of [[Kanō Kazunobu]] and a model of the [[Taitoku-in Mausoleum]].
It is located in the [[Shiba, Tokyo|Shiba]] neighborhood of [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]. The [[Shiba Park]] is built around the temple, with the [[Tokyo Tower]] standing beside it. In 2015 a Treasure Gallery was opened on the underground level of the ''Daiden'' (great hall), and it currently houses paintings of [[Kanō Kazunobu]] and a model of the [[Taitoku-in Mausoleum]].


== History ==
== History ==
Line 39: Line 39:
== Architecture ==
== Architecture ==


At its peak the temple grounds had more than 120 building, but following the decline of Buddhism during the [[Meiji period]] (1868-1912), most of them burned during the [[Bombing of Tokyo]] in [[World War II]]. Reconstruction began after the war, with the ''Daiden'' (great hall) being rebuilt in 1974.<ref name="pamphlet">English pamphlet from Zōjō-ji</ref>
At its peak the temple grounds had more than 120 building, but following the decline of Buddhism during the [[Meiji period]] (1868-1912), most of them burned during the [[Bombing of Tokyo]] in [[World War II]]. Reconstruction began after the war, with the ''Daiden'' (great hall) being rebuilt in 1974.<ref name="pamphlet"/>


[[File:Zojo-ji sanmon.jpg|thumb|left|''Sangedatsumon'' (main gate)]]
[[File:Zojo-ji sanmon.jpg|thumb|left|''Sangedatsumon'' (main gate)]]
[[File:Mausoleum of Taitokuin.JPG|thumb|right|Mausoleum of [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Taitokuin]]]]
[[File:Mausoleum of Taitokuin.JPG|thumb|right|Mausoleum of [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Taitokuin]]]]
[[File:Mausoleum of Sugenin.JPG|thumb|left|Mausoleum of [[Oeyo|Sugenin]]]]
[[File:Mausoleum of Sugenin.JPG|thumb|left|Mausoleum of [[Oeyo|Sugenin]]]]
[[File:PSM V43 D345 Inner gate leading to the tomb of shogun tokugawa in shiba tokyo.jpg|thumb|right|Inner gate leading to the Mausoleum ]]
[[File:PSM V43 D345 Inner gate leading to the tomb of shogun tokugawa in shiba tokyo.jpg|thumb|right|Inner gate leading to the Mausoleum]]
[[File:Zojoji 01.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jizō]] statues at the cemetery]]
[[File:Zojoji 01.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jizō]] statues at the cemetery]]

=== Sangedatsumon ===
=== Sangedatsumon ===


The 21 meter (69 foot) two-storied main gate, {{nihongo|[[Sanmon|Sangedatsumon]]|仏殿}} (; main gate) was constructed in 1622,<ref name="pamphlet">English pamphlet from Zōjō-ji</ref> and it is therefore the oldest wooden building in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-temples-shrines/zojoji-temple |title=Zojoji Temple 三縁山増上寺 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Japan Visitor |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref> The temple's only original structure to survive the [[Second World War]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-temples-shrines/zojoji-temple |title=Zojoji Temple 三縁山増上寺 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Japan Visitor |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref> it has been designated an [[Important Cultural Properties of Japan|Important Cultural Property]].
The 21 meter (69 foot) two-storied main gate, {{nihongo|[[Sanmon|Sangedatsumon]]|仏殿}} (; main gate) was constructed in 1622,<ref name="pamphlet"/> and it is therefore the oldest wooden building in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-temples-shrines/zojoji-temple |title=Zojoji Temple 三縁山増上寺 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Japan Visitor |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref> The temple's only original structure to survive the [[Second World War]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-temples-shrines/zojoji-temple |title=Zojoji Temple 三縁山増上寺 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Japan Visitor |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref> it has been designated an [[Important Cultural Properties of Japan|Important Cultural Property]].


"San" (三) means "three", and "Gedatsu" (解脱) means "[[Moksha]]". If someone passes through the gate, he can free himself from three passions (貪 ''Ton''; "greed", 瞋 ''Shin''; "hatred", 癡 ''Chi''; "foolishness").<ref name="pamphlet">English pamphlet from Zōjō-ji</ref>
"San" (三) means "three", and "Gedatsu" (解脱) means "[[Moksha]]". If someone passes through the gate, he can free himself from three passions (貪 ''Ton''; "greed", 瞋 ''Shin''; "hatred", 癡 ''Chi''; "foolishness").<ref name="pamphlet"/>


On the upper floor are enshrined an image of [[Gautama Buddha]] flanked by two attendants, and statues of the [[Sixteen Arhats]].<ref name="pamphlet">English pamphlet from Zōjō-ji</ref>
On the upper floor are enshrined an image of [[Gautama Buddha]] flanked by two attendants, and statues of the [[Sixteen Arhats]].<ref name="pamphlet"/>


=== Mausoleum of Tokugawa Shoguns ===
=== Mausoleum of Tokugawa Shoguns ===
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There is no admission fee for visitors to enter the temple complex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/spot/shritemp/zojoji.html |title=Zojo-ji Temple |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Japan National Tourism Organization |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref> For the Treasure Gallery museum the access free is ({{As of|2017|lc=on}}, 700 [[yen]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://richiefukuda.blogspot.com.es/2016/02/zojoji-treasure-gallery.html |title=Zojoji - Treasure Gallery |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref>
There is no admission fee for visitors to enter the temple complex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/spot/shritemp/zojoji.html |title=Zojo-ji Temple |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=Japan National Tourism Organization |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref> For the Treasure Gallery museum the access free is ({{As of|2017|lc=on}}, 700 [[yen]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://richiefukuda.blogspot.com.es/2016/02/zojoji-treasure-gallery.html |title=Zojoji - Treasure Gallery |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=2017-12-07 |quote=}}</ref>


The entrance is at a 10 minute walk from [[Hamamatsucho Station]] on the [[Yamanote Line|JR Yamanote]] and [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]]s, a 6 minute walk from [[Daimon Station (Tokyo)|Daimon Station]] on the [[Toei Asakusa Line|Toei Asakusa]] and [[Toei Oedo Line]]s, a 3 minute walk from [[Onarimon Station|Onarimon]] and [[Shibakoen Station]]s on the [[Toei Mita Line]], and about 500 meters from the Shibakoen exit of the [[Shuto Expressway]].<ref name="pamphlet">English pamphlet from Zōjō-ji</ref>
The entrance is at a 10-minute walk from [[Hamamatsucho Station]] on the [[Yamanote Line|JR Yamanote]] and [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]]s, a 6-minute walk from [[Daimon Station (Tokyo)|Daimon Station]] on the [[Toei Asakusa Line|Toei Asakusa]] and [[Toei Oedo Line]]s, a 3-minute walk from [[Onarimon Station|Onarimon]] and [[Shibakoen Station]]s on the [[Toei Mita Line]], and about 500 meters from the Shibakoen exit of the [[Shuto Expressway]].<ref name="pamphlet"/>


== Annual events ==
== Annual events ==


* Hatsumode (New Year's visit) January
* Hatsumode (New Year's visit) January
* Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15th January
* Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15 January
* Setsubun Tsuina-shiki / Nehan Ceremony (Nirvana Day) February
* Setsubun Tsuina-shiki / Nehan Ceremony (Nirvana Day) February
* Spring Higan Ceremony, March
* Spring Higan Ceremony, March
* Gyoki Ceremony / Buddha's Birthday (Flower Festival) April
* Gyoki Ceremony / Buddha's Birthday (Flower Festival) April
* Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15th May
* Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15 May
* O-bon / Kaisan-ki / Bon Odori, July
* O-bon / Kaisan-ki / Bon Odori, July
* Peace Prayer Ceremony, August
* Peace Prayer Ceremony, August
* Autumn Higan Ceremony / Takigi Noh, September
* Autumn Higan Ceremony / Takigi Noh, September
* Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15th September
* Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15 September
* Juya Hoyo (Ten Nights of Prayer) November
* Juya Hoyo (Ten Nights of Prayer) November
* Jodo Ceremony (Bodhi Day) / Butsumyo Ceremony / Joya no Kane (New Year's Eve Bell Ringing) December<ref name="pamphlet">English pamphlet from Zōjō-ji</ref>
* Jodo Ceremony (Bodhi Day) / Butsumyo Ceremony / Joya no Kane (New Year's Eve Bell Ringing) December<ref name="pamphlet"/>


Montly events<ref name="pamphlet">English pamphlet from Zōjō-ji</ref>
Montly events<ref name="pamphlet"/>


* Sutra copying, 14th (except July and August)
* Sutra copying, 14th (except July and August)

Revision as of 10:52, 16 January 2018

Zōjō-ji
三縁山増上寺
Hondo (main hall) and the Tokyo Tower
Religion
AffiliationJōdo-shū
Location
Location4 Chome-7-35 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-0011
CountryJapan
Architecture
FounderYūyo Shōsō
Completed1393
Website
zojoji.or
Aerial view of Zojoji as seen from Tokyo Tower

San'en-zan Zōjō-ji (三縁山増上寺) is a Jōdo-shū Buddhist temple in Tokyo, Japan. It is the main temple of the Jōdo-shū ("Pure Land") Chinzei sect of Buddhism in the Kanto region,.[1][2]

Zōjō-ji is notable for its relationship with the Tokugawa clan, the rulers of Japan during the Edo period, with six of the Tokugawa shoguns being buried in the Taitoku-in Mausoleum in the temple grounds. Also, the temple's Sangadetsumon (main gate) is the oldest wooden building in Tokyo, dating from 1622.

It is located in the Shiba neighborhood of Minato. The Shiba Park is built around the temple, with the Tokyo Tower standing beside it. In 2015 a Treasure Gallery was opened on the underground level of the Daiden (great hall), and it currently houses paintings of Kanō Kazunobu and a model of the Taitoku-in Mausoleum.

History

Shūei (宗叡, 809-884), a disciple of Kūkai, founded a temple named Kōmyō-ji (光明寺) at Kaizuka (貝塚, present-day Kōjimachi in Chiyoda, Tokyo);[3] it is said to be the forerunner of Zōjō-ji. Centuries later, in 1393 during the Muromachi period, at the time of Yūyo Shōsō, the temple converted from the Shingon to the Jōdo school. Shōsō is thus the founder of the present-day temple.[4]

Together with Kan'ei-ji, during the Edo period Zōjō-ji was the Tokugawa's family temple.[5] Tokugawa Ieyasu had the temple moved, first to Hibiya, then in 1590, at the time of expansion of Edo Castle, to its present location.[6]

With the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate, the grounds took on the character of a public park. The temple was badly damaged in World War II, but still retains the air of a major temple.[7]

Architecture

At its peak the temple grounds had more than 120 building, but following the decline of Buddhism during the Meiji period (1868-1912), most of them burned during the Bombing of Tokyo in World War II. Reconstruction began after the war, with the Daiden (great hall) being rebuilt in 1974.[7]

Sangedatsumon (main gate)
Mausoleum of Taitokuin
Mausoleum of Sugenin
Inner gate leading to the Mausoleum
Jizō statues at the cemetery

Sangedatsumon

The 21 meter (69 foot) two-storied main gate, Sangedatsumon (仏殿) (; main gate) was constructed in 1622,[7] and it is therefore the oldest wooden building in Tokyo.[8] The temple's only original structure to survive the Second World War,[9] it has been designated an Important Cultural Property.

"San" (三) means "three", and "Gedatsu" (解脱) means "Moksha". If someone passes through the gate, he can free himself from three passions (貪 Ton; "greed", 瞋 Shin; "hatred", 癡 Chi; "foolishness").[7]

On the upper floor are enshrined an image of Gautama Buddha flanked by two attendants, and statues of the Sixteen Arhats.[7]

Mausoleum of Tokugawa Shoguns

Six of the 15 Tokugawa shoguns are buried at Zōjō-ji.[10] The Taitoku-in Mausoleum of Hidetada (and the monument to his wife Sūgen'in), Ienobu, and Ietsugu had been designated National Treasures of Japan, but were burned in World War II. At present, parts of two of their graves have the distinction of being Important Cultural Properties of Japan. Additional graves are located in the cemetery behind the Great Hall. Parts of the former grounds of the temple are now occupied by a park and two hotels. Tokugawa Iemochi also Iemochi's wife, Kazu-no-Miya Chikako also buried in Zozo-ji.

Sentai Kosodate Jizo (Unborn Children Garden)

In one particular garden at the cemetery, rows of stone statues of children represent unborn children, including miscarried, aborted, and stillborn children. Parents can choose a statue in the garden and decorate it with small clothing and toys. Usually the statues are accompanied by a small gift for Jizō, the guardian of unborn children, to ensure that they are brought to the afterlife. Occasionally stones are piled by the statue; this is meant to ease the journey to the afterlife.

Other structures

  • Daiden (Great Hall) 1974
  • Ankokuden
  • Sutra Repository
  • Treasures Gallery
  • Bell tower
  • Enko Daishi Hall
  • Koshoden

Access

There is no admission fee for visitors to enter the temple complex.[11] For the Treasure Gallery museum the access free is (as of 2017, 700 yen).[12]

The entrance is at a 10-minute walk from Hamamatsucho Station on the JR Yamanote and Keihin-Tōhoku Lines, a 6-minute walk from Daimon Station on the Toei Asakusa and Toei Oedo Lines, a 3-minute walk from Onarimon and Shibakoen Stations on the Toei Mita Line, and about 500 meters from the Shibakoen exit of the Shuto Expressway.[7]

Annual events

  • Hatsumode (New Year's visit) January
  • Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15 January
  • Setsubun Tsuina-shiki / Nehan Ceremony (Nirvana Day) February
  • Spring Higan Ceremony, March
  • Gyoki Ceremony / Buddha's Birthday (Flower Festival) April
  • Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15 May
  • O-bon / Kaisan-ki / Bon Odori, July
  • Peace Prayer Ceremony, August
  • Autumn Higan Ceremony / Takigi Noh, September
  • Kurohonzon Prayer Ceremony, 15 September
  • Juya Hoyo (Ten Nights of Prayer) November
  • Jodo Ceremony (Bodhi Day) / Butsumyo Ceremony / Joya no Kane (New Year's Eve Bell Ringing) December[7]

Montly events[7]

  • Sutra copying, 14th (except July and August)
  • Betsuji Nembutsu, 24th

Zōjō-ji was depicted multiple times in the art work of the Shin hanga artist Kawase Hasui during the 1920s and 30's. It was also shown in several ukiyo-e prints by Hiroshige, in particular twice in his famous One Hundred Famous Views of Edo series from 1856–1858.

See also

  • For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zōjō-ji.

References

  1. ^ "Zojoji Temple". Japan Guide. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  2. ^ "Zōjō-ji: History". Zōjō-ji. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  3. ^ "Zojo-ji Temple". Japan National Tourism Organization. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  4. ^ "Zōjō-ji: History". Zōjō-ji. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  5. ^ "Zojoji Temple 三縁山増上寺". Japan Visitor. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  6. ^ "Zōjō-ji: History". Zōjō-ji. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h English pamphlet from Zōjō-ji
  8. ^ "Zojoji Temple 三縁山増上寺". Japan Visitor. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  9. ^ "Zojoji Temple 三縁山増上寺". Japan Visitor. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  10. ^ "Zojo-ji Temple". Japan National Tourism Organization. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  11. ^ "Zojo-ji Temple". Japan National Tourism Organization. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
  12. ^ "Zojoji - Treasure Gallery". Retrieved 2017-12-07.

35°39′27″N 139°44′54″E / 35.657479°N 139.748376°E / 35.657479; 139.748376

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