Timeline of Japanese history

This is a timeline of Japanese history, comprising important legal, territorial and cultural changes and political events in Japan and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Japan. See also the list of Emperors of Japan and Prime Ministers of Japan and the list of years in Japan.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

7th century BC

Year	Date	Event
660		Legendary Emperor Jimmu ascends to the throne, marking the end of Age of the Gods and start of traditional Japanese history

4th century BC

Year	Date	Event
300		Yayoi period start marked by extensive rice cultivation at paddy fields

1st century

Year	Date	Event
57		King of Na gold seal is issued by Emperor Guangwu of Han to the coalition of Japanese states in northern Kyushu lead by Nakoku state

2nd century

Year	Date	Event
180		Civil war of Wa ends, bringing shaman queen Himiko to power in Yamatai state somewhere in western Japan

3rd century

Year	Date	Event
201		The Nagata jinja, Hirota Shrine and Ikuta Shrine, the oldest surviving Shinto shrines in Japan, are founded by legendary Empress Jingū.
238		First embassy of Himiko to Cao Wei
248		Himiko dies and succeed by 13 y.o. queen Iyo, after a brief civil war. Some rebels preferring a male successor did flee Yamatai and found Miwa court in Nara.
250		Kofun period and Yamato period starts. Traditional date to mark the founding of Yamato entity in Nara associated with the Sujin line of kings.
266		Iyo embassy to Emperor Wu of Jin
283		Hata clan led by Yuzuki no Kimi settles in Japan, introducing sericulture (silk farming)

4th century

Year	Date	Event
346		Makimuku site abandoned, possibly due to invaders including Baekje and Gaya confederacy men, indicating large changes of Miwa court
350		Unification of Yamato Province, possibly when under the foreign rule of Baekje and/or Gaya confederacy derived king
362		King Chūai of Miwa court replaced by king Ōjin of Kawachi court (Saki Court), marking expansion of Yamato Province to entire Kinai

5th century

Very little is known about the 5th century in Japan. The period was definitely marked by volatile inter-state warfare, complex alliances, submissions and betrayals. Some of the more constant Yamato polity partners were Baekje and Gaya confederacy, while enemies included Goguryeo, Silla and various Chinese groups. All of the records of the era either did not survive or are contentious.

Year	Date	Event
404		Goguryeo–Wa conflicts between Wa, Baekje, and Gaya against Goguryeo and Silla
413		King of Wa sends 1st recorded tribute to the Jin
430		Yamato polity become a regional power after subjugating several states in West Japan. Details are subject to Mimana controversy.
461		Chronology of the Japanese historical records become consistent. All dates before this entry are reconstructed with foreign or archaeological data.
461		Baekje sends an embassy to Japan, as confirmed by both Japanese and Korean records.

6th century

Year	Date	Event
507		Kawachi court is succeeded by King Ohoto of Koshi (Keitai line of kings) in Asuka court.
527		With the suppression of Iwai Rebellion, the Yamato polity is firmly entrenched in Tsukushi Province, Kyushu.
538		Introduction of Buddhism in Japan by Seong of Baekje.
538		Asuka period starts. Yamato polity achieve de facto political dominance with full conquest of Shikoku and Kyushu islands.
562		The last states of Gaya confederacy are destroyed, marking extinction of Japonic languages outside Japan.
587		The religious war (Soga–Mononobe conflict) ends with the victory of the pro-Buddhist Soga clan.
593		Soga clan takes control of Japan with the installation of Empress Suiko on the throne.

7th century

Year	Date	Event
603		The introduction of Twelve Level Cap and Rank System in Japan
607		The first embassy under the command of Ono no Imoko is sent to China
645		Asuka period ends with the power of Soga clan broken in Isshi Incident and Nakatomi clan becoming the dominant power
646	22 January	Hakuhō period starts with the Taika Reform.
660		Japanese, under command of Abe no Hirafu, massacre the Mishihase people in Hokkaido. The Japanese do not return to Hokkaido until over 700 years later.
663		The Japanese navy is decisively defeated in the Battle of Baekgang, marking the withdrawal of Japan from Korean politics
665		First coastal defences of Kyushu were built at what is now the Ōnojō Castle Ruins
672		Succession conflict results in Jinshin War
673		With the reign of Emperor Tenmu, Japan becomes an empire

8th century

Year	Date	Event
701		Taihō Code legal system is accepted and remains in force until 1868
709		The Fort Ideha is established near modern Akita marking the start of submission of the Emishi people in Tōhoku region to Japanese.
710		The Nara period starts after Empress Genmei moved the capital to Heijō-kyō.
712		The Kojiki is completed.
713		The provinces are ordered to compile cultural and geographical records, known as fudoki.
718		Fujiwara no Fuhito compiles the Yōrō Code (the update of Taihō Code) which is accepted in 757
720		The Nihon Shoki (1st volume of historical chronicles Rikkokushi) is completed.
721		The Hayato rebellion ends after a year and half of fighting, marking the complete subjugation of Southern Kyushu.
724		Emperor Shōmu was enthroned. Also, the site of the Taga Castle, near to modern Sendai, is founded.
731	April	A fleet of 300 Japanese vessels is defeated on the east coast on Silla
735		Genbō and Kibi no Makibi returned from China.
735		A serious smallpox epidemic spread from Kyushu, resulting in a third of the population perishing, 10 years of social instability and 3 transfers of the capital.
740		Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion erupts on Kyushu
741		Shōmu established the provincial temples.
751		The Kaifūsō poetry anthology was completed.
752		The Great Buddha of Nara at Tōdai-ji was completed with the assistance of Bodhisena from India
754		Priest Ganjin arrived from China.
757		Fujiwara no Nakamaro defeated an attempt by Tachibana no Naramaro to seize power.
764		Fujiwara and Emperor Junnin launched a plot against the retired Empress Kōken and the monk Dōkyō (which failed)
773		The Thirty-Eight Years War for the subjugation of Tōhoku starts.
781		The Emperor Kanmu was enthroned.
784		The capital moved to Nagaoka-kyō.
788		Saichō built Enryaku-ji.
794		Heian period starts after Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō.
797		Shoku Nihongi (2nd volume of historical chronicles Rikkokushi) was completed.

9th century

Year	Date	Event
802		After the defeat of Emishi Isawa confederation and execution of Aterui in the final stages of Thirty-Eight years war, the Japanese controls entire Honshu island
806		The Japanese Kana scripts (invention popularly attributed to Kūkai) have evolved as distinct from Chinese characters
810		Kusuko Incident have propelled Emperor Saga to throne, resulting in 32-years long peaceful period.
815		Shinsen Shōjiroku, the first compilation of Japanese genealogical data, is complete.
829	23 January	Kūkai has established the first public school in Japan
839		Last envoy to Tang China sent (some later embassies were cancelled)
840		Nihon Kōki (3rd volume of historical chronicles Rikkokushi) was completed.
842		Jōwa Incident mark the raising power of Fujiwara clan
858		Fujiwara clan solidify their rule over Japan with the installation of Emperor Seiwa
869		Shoku Nihon Kōki (4th volume of historical chronicles Rikkokushi) was completed.
869	9 July	The devastating 869 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami happened off Tohoku coast.
878	March	The Akita Castle is overrun during Gangyou disturbance with the background of heavy drought and famine, resulting in growing independence of the Dewa Province
879		Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku (5th volume of historical chronicles Rikkokushi) was completed.
894		Sugawara no Michizane advocates for stopping sending embassies to China

10th century

Year	Date	Event
901		Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (6th and last of historical chronicles Rikkokushi) was completed.
907		Several severe epidemics and drought, resulting in reduction of contacts with the foreign countries.
935		Tosa Nikki, the oldest surviving Japanese diary, was written.
939		Tengyō no Ran – the failed rebellion of Taira no Masakado in Hitachi Province and Shimōsa Province, Fujiwara no Sumitomo in Iyo Province and San'yō region, plus opportunistic uprisings in Dewa Province – the first of many rebellions led by professional warriors (samurai), has led to the downfall of Tachibana clan
984		The Ishinpō, the oldest surviving Japanese medical manual, is compiled.

11th century

Year	Date	Event
1008		The Tale of Genji is written
1019		Toi invasion to northern Kyushu
1051		The Former Nine Years War (Zenkunen War) against rebellious Abe clan in now Tohoku have started.
1068		The dominance of Fujiwara clan ends with the ascension of Emperor Go-Sanjō to the throne
1083		The fighting in Tohoku flares up again, resulting in Gosannen War (Later Three-Year War)

12th century

Year	Date	Event
1156		Hōgen Rebellion has marked the rise of samurai class
1159		The Heiji Rebellion has been defeated, and Taira clan under control of Taira no Kiyomori is dominating the government of Japan – the first example of samurai rule
1177		Shishigatani incident – an attempted rebellion against Taira clan rule.
1180		Genpei War starts. As result, the Imperial capital is briefly moved to Fukuhara-kyō (modern Kobe)
1181		Severe drought and Yōwa famine
1185		Kamakura period starts after Genpei War ends with the defeat of Taira clan, resulting in establishment of Kamakura shogunate
1189	15 June	The Battle of Koromo River have ended de facto independence of Northern Fujiwara clan in Tohoku. As result, first Japanese refugees have settled in Kaminokuni, Hokkaido.

13th century

Year	Date	Event
1221		Jōkyū War – an attempt of Imperial family to regain independence from Kamakura shogunate
1230		Kanki famine
1232		Goseibai Shikimoku code accepted and used until Edo period, marking militarization of legal system
1274		1st Mongol invasion in Japan repulsed in Battle of Bun'ei
1281		2nd Mongol invasion in Japan repulsed in Battle of Kōan
1293	27 May	The deadly 1293 Kamakura earthquake, followed by government in-fighting, struck Japan.

14th century

Year	Date	Event
1331		Emperor Go-Daigo initiates the Genkō War
1333	5 July	Short-lived Kemmu restoration starts with the destruction of Kamakura shogunate in Siege of Kamakura (1333)
1334		Imperial court of Japan splits in two until 1392, resulting in Nanboku-chō period
1336		Muromachi period starts with the establishment of Ashikaga shogunate domination over imperial Northern Court. Daimyō system is established.
1348	4 February	Southern Court loses the Battle of Shijōnawate
1350		Kannō disturbance weakens Ashikaga shogunate. Wokou pirates from Japan are becoming rampant in region.
1353		Southern Court wins the Battle of Yawata, enabling the siege of Kyoto in 1354
1368		De facto independence of Kantō region
1370		De facto independence of Kyushu
1392		Nanboku-chō period ends with subjugation of Southern Court to Northern Court

15th century

Year	Date	Event
1419	19 June	Ōei Invasion to Wokou bases on Tsushima Island
1428		Cholera epidemic and extreme impoverishment in now Shiga Prefecture have resulted in Shocho uprising
1443		The Treaty of Gyehae was signed, resulting in Wokou pirates becoming increasingly non-Japanese
1454		Kyōtoku Incident starts the 32 years of instability and bloodshed in semi-independent Kantō region
1457		Takeda Nobuhiro emerged victorious after repelling an Ainu assault on Kaminokuni, Hokkaido, marking the beginning of Japanese conquest of Hokkaido.
1457		Edo Castle, a nucleus of modern Tokyo, was built.
1459		Bad handling of Kanshō famine in the aftermath of flood and plague in Kyoto has resulted in increasing divisions of society
1467		Ōnin War starts, marking the beginning of Sengoku period – during which violence and power struggle has become the norm
1477		Kyoto has been completely destroyed.
1488		Kaga Rebellion overthrows samurai rule, establishing a theocratic state Kaga ikki in now Ishikawa Prefecture.
1498	20 September	1498 Nankai earthquake

16th century

Year	Date	Event
1523		Japanese in-fighting results in Ningbo Incident, bringing a trade with China to halt and resulting in a new wave of Wokou piracy.
1540		Tenbun famine and plague
1543	25 August	First Europeans arrive to Japan, opening Nanban trade period.
1560		Battle of Okehazama: Oda Nobunaga emerged victorious.
1570		Oda Nobunaga have started a 10-year long Ishiyama Hongan-ji War to suppress the warrior monks community and Kaga ikki state.
1572		The Japanese society began to stabilize, starting Azuchi–Momoyama period under ruling of Oda Nobunaga and later Toyotomi Hideyoshi
1579		Azuchi religious debate have resulted in enforced religious tolerance.
1581		Oda Nobunaga forces wins Tenshō Iga War
1581		Himeji Castle, the largest in Japan, was built.
1582		Incident at Honnō-ji: Akechi Mitsuhide, an Oda general, betrayed Nobunaga at Honnō-ji and forced him to commit seppuku.
1585		Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Shikoku
1587		Toyotomi Hideyoshi has launched Kyūshū Campaign
1590	4 August	Toyotomi Hideyoshi has prevailed over Late Hōjō clan in Siege of Odawara in Kantō region, completing the re-unification of Japan.
1591	8 October	Separation Edict and Population Census Edict froze the social structure of Japan.
1592	23 May	Toyotomi Hideyoshi, acting as kampaku (regent) in lieu of Oda Nobukatsu, invaded Korea.
1597	5 February	Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan were crucified in Nagasaki in the aftermath of the San Felipe incident.
1598	16 December	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) have ended with Japanese retreat after Battle of Noryang.

17th century

Year	Date	Events
1600	21 October	Battle of Sekigahara is won by forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu
1603	24 March	Edo period starts after Tokugawa Ieyasu received from Emperor Go-Yōzei the title of shogun.
1605	3 February	1605 Nankai earthquake and tsunami.
1605		Ieyasu abdicated from office in favor of his third son and heir, Tokugawa Hidetada.
1609	7 March	Invasion of Ryukyu
1610	3 January	Nossa Senhora da Graça incident
1611	2 December	1611 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami
1615	3 June	The Siege of Osaka is complete with the Battle of Tennōji: Tokugawa Ieyasu ended Toyotomi opposition
1623		Hidetada resigned his office to his eldest son and heir, Tokugawa Iemitsu.
1635		The Sakoku Edict of 1635 was issued, barring Japanese from leaving Japan and barring Europeans from entering, on pain of death. It instituted strict penalties for the practice of Catholicism and severely restricted foreign trade.
		The policy of sankin-kōtai was established, which subjected the daimyōs to the will of the shōgun.
1637	17 December	Shimabara Rebellion: A rebellion began against the daimyō Matsukura Katsuie over his persecution of Christianity and onerous tax code.
1638	15 April	Shimabara Rebellion: The last of the rebels were defeated in their fortress at Shimabara.
1642		Kan'ei Great Famine happens due combination of government over-spending, Rinderpest epizootic, volcanic eruptions and extreme weather.
1651	24 April	Iemitsu died, leaving his office to the ten-year-old Tokugawa Ietsuna.
		Keian Uprising: A coup d'état attempted by several rōnin and masterminded by Yui Shōsetsu and Marubashi Chūya failed.
1657	2 March	Great Fire of Meireki in Edo
1669		Shakushain's Revolt on Hokkaido.
1680	4 June	Ietsuna died and was succeeded by his younger brother, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi.
1686		Jōkyō uprising

18th century

Year	Date	Event
1703	20 March	Chūshingura – Forty-seven ronin were ordered to commit seppuku by the shogun.
1703	31 December	1703 Genroku earthquake and tsunami
1707	28 October	1707 Hōei earthquake and tsunami, followed by Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji.
1709	19 February	Tsunayoshi died. His nephew Tokugawa Ienobu succeeded him as shogun.
1712		Wakan Sansai Zue, the first Japanese encyclopaedia, was published.
1712	12 November	Ienobu died and was succeeded by his five-year-old son, Tokugawa Ietsugu, under the regency of the shogun's adviser Arai Hakuseki.
1716	19 June	Ietsugu died. Tokugawa Yoshimune, a great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu, became shogun.
1716	July	Kyōhō Reforms aimed for monetization of economy and broader import of European knowledge have started.
1720		The foreign books restrictions are reduced, starting a Rangaku practice.
1732		Kyōhō famine happens due locust infestation in Seto Inland Sea region
1745		Yoshimune retired, leaving his public office to his eldest son Tokugawa Ieshige, although he maintained some influence in the affairs of state.
1754		1754 Horeki River Improvement Incident
1760		Ieshige retired, leaving his office to his eldest son Tokugawa Ieharu.
1771	24 April	1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami
1782		Great Tenmei famine
1789		Menashi-Kunashir Rebellion on Hokkaido
1790		Kansei Reforms, including Kansei Edict, tighten the isolation of Japan
1792	21 May	1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami

19th century

Year	Date	Event
1806		Chwostoff raids on Japanese-controlled Kuril islands
1807		Failed military expedition to Sakhalin
1811		Golovnin Incident marks increasing contacts with the Russian Empire
1825		Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels
1833		Tenpo famine
1837		Morrison incident
1842		Tenpō Reforms lifts the price controls and further reduce contacts with Europeans.
1848	1 July	The isolation policy of Tokugawa shogunate has begun to crumble by the time of landing of Ranald MacDonald on Rishiri Island.
1853	14 July	Matthew C. Perry arrives off the coast of Japan in four ships. Perry orders harbor buildings to be shelled to force negotiations for a letter President Millard Fillmore sent to the ruler of Japan. This incident was coined as the "Arrival of the Black Ships" in Japanese history.
1854	February	Second Visit. Matthew C. Perry returns to Japan with eight Black Ships and finds that the Shogunate had prepared a treaty accepting virtually all demands from President Millard Fillmore.
1854	March	Matthew C. Perry signs the Convention of Kanagawa. Within five years, Japan signs similar treaties with other western countries, thus ending an isolation period of more than 200 years known as Sakoku (鎖国), whereby the Dutch and Chinese ships had limited trade exclusivity.
1854	23 December	Ansei great earthquakes series starts by 1854 Tōkai earthquake and tsunami
1855	7 February	Treaty of Shimoda with Russian Empire was signed.
1855	11 November	Ansei great earthquakes series ends with a 1855 Edo earthquake followed by devastating fire.
1858	26 August	Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce and other Ansei Treaties were signed, resulting in Ansei Purge.
1862	14 September	Namamugi Incident: Four British subjects were attacked by guards on the Tōkaidō for failing to pay proper respect to a daimyō. One, a merchant named Charles Lennox Richardson, was killed.
1863		Order to expel barbarians, Battle of Shimonoseki Straits, Bombardment of Kagoshima and other events
1868		Boshin War resulting in Meiji Restoration and other events
1871		Abolition of the han system, being replaced by a system of prefectures.
1873		Seikanron: The government debated and rejected the idea of the invasion of Korea.
1873		Land Tax Reform (Japan 1873)
1874		Saga Rebellion
1876		Akizuki Rebellion, Hagi Rebellion and Shinpūren Rebellion
1877		Satsuma Rebellion
1884		Chichibu incident – a peasants rebellion
1891	28 October	1891 Mino–Owari earthquake – strongest recorded inland earthquake of Japan
1894	1 August	First Sino-Japanese War starts
1895	17 April	First Sino-Japanese War is won by Japanese, resulting in Treaty of Shimonoseki
1895	29 May	Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
1896	15 June	1896 Sanriku earthquake kills 22,066 men

20th century

Year	Date	Event
1904	8 February	Russo-Japanese War: Japan launched a surprise torpedo attack on the Russian navy at Port Arthur.
1905	5 September	Russo-Japanese War: The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed, ceding some Russian property and territory to Japan and ending the war. Pro-war activists have staged the Hibiya incendiary incident nevertheless.
1910	22 August	Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910 completes the annexation of Korea.
1910	December	Japanese Antarctic Expedition starts
1914	31 October	Siege of Tsingtao starts as part of World War I
1919	1 March	March 1st Movement signal the start of the Korean independence movement
1923	1 September	1923 Great Kantō earthquake kills 105,385 men
1927		Shōwa financial crisis
1930	27 October	Wushe incident – a rebellion on Taiwan
1931	18 September	Japan invaded Manchuria in the aftermath of the Mukden Incident.
1932	1 March	Manchukuo, the puppet state of Japan, is established
1937	7 July	Second Sino-Japanese War starts.
1940	22 September	Japanese invasion of French Indochina starts
1941	13 April	Soviet-Japanese Border Wars ends as a Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact was signed.
1941	7 December	Japan Attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, Japan has declared war to US, Dutch and British, marking the start of Pacific War theatre of World War II
1945	6 August	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima
1945	9 August	Atomic bombings of Nagasaki, the Soviet invasion of Manchuria starts and continues on as Kuril Islands dispute
1945	15 August	Surrender of Japan
1946	3 May	In the controversial International Military Tribunal for the Far East, the prosecution began of Japanese leaders for war crimes.
1947	3 May	Constitution of Japan goes into effect.
1956	12 December	Japan joins United Nations
1964	10 October	1964 Summer Olympics: Tokyo hosted the Olympics, marking the first time the Games were held in Asia.
1968		Japan surpassed West Germany to become the second largest economic power in the world.
1969	18 January	Student protests against the Vietnam War and American use of bases on Japanese soil culminated in a short-lived takeover of Tokyo University.
1970	11 February	The first successful launch of the Lambda 4S rocket places the Japanese Osumi satellite on orbit.
1971	24 November	1971 Okinawa Reversion Agreement is ratified in the aftermath of the Koza riot and other incidents
1974		Prime Minister Eisaku Satō, the first Asian to do so, accepted the Nobel Peace Prize.
1989	29 December	The Tokyo Stock Market index, Nikkei 225, hits its peak at 38,957 before closing at 38,916 for the day
1991		Lost Decade: The Japanese asset price bubble popped.
1995	17 January	Great Hanshin earthquake
1997	11 December	Kyoto Protocol to regulate greenhouse gases emissions was adopted.

21st century

Year	Date	Event
2011	11 March	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, followed by Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
2012	December	Abenomics policies are enacted to handle the consequences of Lost Decade and Japan demographic crisis

See also

Cities in Japan

• Timeline of Fukuoka
• Timeline of Hiroshima
• Timeline of Kobe
• Timeline of Kyoto
• Timeline of Nagasaki
• Timeline of Nagoya
• Timeline of Osaka
• Timeline of Tokyo; and History of Tokyo, with "significant events" sections
• Timeline of Yokohama

Further reading

Published in the 19th century

• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Japan". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• George Henry Townsend (1877), "Japan", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

Published in the 20th century

• Charles E. Little (1900), "Japan", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls {{citation}}: External link in |author= and |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Japan", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via Hathi Trust {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• Brian Moeran (1996). "Chronology of Japanese Advertising and Media from 1862 to 1991". A Japanese Advertising Agency: An Anthropology of Media and Markets. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-1-136-79533-6. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

Published in the 21st century

• Ian Preston, ed. (2001). "Japan". Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. pp. 121–140. ISBN 978-1-135-35680-4. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• Louis Frédéric (2002). "Chronology". Japan Encyclopedia. Translated by Käthe Roth. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
• Gary D. Allinson (2004). "Chronology". Japan's Postwar History (2nd ed.). Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8912-1. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• "Timeline". Japan: Memoirs of a Secret Empire. USA: Public Broadcasting Service. 2004.
• Richard Tames (2008). "Chronology". A Traveller's History of Japan (4th ed.). USA: Interlink Books. p. 243+. ISBN 978-1-56656-404-5. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• Yoshio Sugimoto, ed. (2009). "Chronology". Cambridge Companion to Modern Japanese Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-49546-3. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• William D. Hoover (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7539-5. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• Jasper Sharp (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7541-8. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• Constantine Vaporis (2012). "Timeline ... 1543–1868". Voices of Early Modern Japan: Contemporary Accounts of Daily Life During the Age of the Shoguns. USA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39200-9. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• Kenneth Henshall (2014). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
• Mikiso Hane; Louis Perez (2015). "Chronological Chart". Premodern Japan: A Historical Survey (2nd ed.). Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-4970-1. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

External links

• BBC News. "Japan Profile: Timeline".
• "Japan". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
• "Timeline of Modern Japan (1868–1945)". About Japan: A Teacher’s Resource. New York: Japan Society.
• "Japanese History: A Chronological Outline". Asia for Educators. USA: Columbia University.