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'''Lappawinsoe''' was a [[Lenape]]-[[Delaware]] chief. His name, often spelled as Lappawinzo, Lapowinzo or Lapowinsa signifies "gathering fruit" or "going away to gather food".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Buck|first=William J.|date=1883|title=Lappawinzo and Tishcohan, Chiefs of the Lenni Lenape|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20084604|journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography|volume=7|issue=2|pages=215–218|doi=10.2307/20084604}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/233931836|title=William Penn's own account of Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians|last=1644-1718.|first=Penn, William,|date=1970|publisher=Middle Atlantic Press|others=Myers, Albert Cook, 1874-1960,, Pomfret, John E.|isbn=0912608137|edition=Rev.|location=Moorestown, N.J.|oclc=233931836}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/walking-purchase/|title=Walking Purchase {{!}} Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia|website=philadelphiaencyclopedia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Becker|first=Marshall J.|date=1982|title=Search for the Lenape Indians|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41727825|journal=Archaeology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=10–19|doi=10.2307/41727825}}</ref>
'''Lappawinsoe''' was a [[Lenape]]-[[Delaware]] chief. His name, often spelled as Lappawinzo, Lapowinzo or Lapowinsa signifies "gathering fruit" or "going away to gather food".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Buck|first=William J.|date=1883|title=Lappawinzo and Tishcohan, Chiefs of the Lenni Lenape|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20084604|journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography|volume=7|issue=2|pages=215–218|doi=10.2307/20084604}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/233931836|title=William Penn's own account of Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians|last=1644-1718.|first=Penn, William,|date=1970|publisher=Middle Atlantic Press|others=Myers, Albert Cook, 1874-1960,, Pomfret, John E.|isbn=0912608137|edition=Rev.|location=Moorestown, N.J.|oclc=233931836}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/walking-purchase/|title=Walking Purchase {{!}} Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia|website=philadelphiaencyclopedia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Becker|first=Marshall J.|date=1982|title=Search for the Lenape Indians|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41727825|journal=Archaeology|volume=35|issue=3|pages=10–19|doi=10.2307/41727825}}</ref>


He sold the land of his tribe to [[Thomas Penn]], the son of [[William Penn]], through the [[Walking Purchase]] agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://statemuseumpa.org/penn-treaty/lenape.htm|title=The State Museum of Pennsylvania Presents An Image of Peace: The William Penn Treaty|website=statemuseumpa.org|access-date=2017-12-03}}</ref> Three other [[Lenape-Delaware]] chiefs also signed the agreement: Tishecunk (sometimes referred to as Tishcohan, "tash-suk-amen" meaning "he never blackens himself"), Nutimus ("striker of fish with a spear") and Menakihikon ("a King of the Minissincks").<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13062917|title=The Lenape : archaeology, history, and ethnography|last=C.,|first=Kraft, Herbert|date=1986|publisher=New Jersey Historical Society|isbn=0911020144|location=Newark|oclc=13062917}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/282073|title=The Delaware Indians; a history|last=1909-1994.|first=Weslager, C. A. (Clinton Alfred),|date=1972|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=0813514940|location=New Brunswick, N.J.,|oclc=282073}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Documentation shows that Nutimus was considered the principal Indian leader of the tribes located in Delaware.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/245598485|title=Peaceable kingdom lost : the Paxton Boys and the destruction of William Penn's holy experiment|last=1960-|first=Kenny, Kevin,|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195331509|location=Oxford|oclc=245598485}}</ref>
He sold the land of his tribe to [[Thomas Penn]], the son of [[William Penn]], through the [[Walking Purchase]] agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://statemuseumpa.org/penn-treaty/lenape.htm|title=The State Museum of Pennsylvania Presents An Image of Peace: The William Penn Treaty|website=statemuseumpa.org|access-date=2017-12-03}}</ref> Three other [[Lenape-Delaware]] chiefs also signed the agreement: Tishecunk (sometimes referred to as Tishcohan, "tash-suk-amen" meaning "he never blackens himself"), Nutimus ("striker of fish with a spear") and Menakihikon ("a King of the Minissincks").<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13062917|title=The Lenape : archaeology, history, and ethnography|last=C.,|first=Kraft, Herbert|date=1986|publisher=New Jersey Historical Society|isbn=0911020144|location=Newark|oclc=13062917}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/282073|title=The Delaware Indians; a history|last=1909-1994.|first=Weslager, C. A. (Clinton Alfred),|date=1972|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=0813514940|location=New Brunswick, N.J.,|oclc=282073}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Documentation shows that Nutimus was considered the principal Indian leader of the tribes located in Delaware.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/245598485|title=Peaceable kingdom lost : the Paxton Boys and the destruction of William Penn's holy experiment|last=1960-|first=Kenny, Kevin,|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195331509|location=Oxford|oclc=245598485}}</ref>
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== Portrait ==
== Portrait ==


It is documented that Lappawinsoe was the first Native American who was portrayed in an oil painting.<ref name=":3" /> Lappawinsoe and Tishecunk are considered "the only two chiefs of the Lenni Lenape whose portraits have been preserved".<ref name=":0" /> In his portrait, Lappawinsoe is shown as a muscular man of about 40 years of age.<ref name=":0" /> Further descriptions of the painting focus on the tattoos on Lappawinsoe´s face and neck as well as on the pouch he is wearing.<ref name=":3" /> The pouch is compared to the one worn by Tishcohan in his respective painting.<ref name=":3" /> The tattoos on Lappawinsoes forehead symbolize two thunderbirds and a snake or serpent.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Lenik|first=Edward J.|date=2012|title=THE THUNDERBIRD MOTIF IN NORTHEASTERN INDIAN ART|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23265141|journal=Archaeology of Eastern North America|volume=40|pages=163–185|doi=10.2307/23265141}}</ref> Body tattoos are used to represent information about the person´s character and their beliefs.<ref name=":5" /> The Thunderbird is considered a "powerful spirit being" and signifies an "active and swift-footed warrior".<ref name=":5" />
It is documented that Lappawinsoe was the first Native American who was portrayed in an oil painting.<ref name=":3" /> Lappawinsoe and Tishecunk are considered "the only two chiefs of the Lenni Lenape whose portraits have been preserved".<ref name=":0" /> In his portrait, Lappawinsoe is shown as a muscular man of about 40 years of age.<ref name=":0" /> Further descriptions of the painting focus on the tattoos on Lappawinsoe´s face and neck as well as on the pouch he is wearing.<ref name=":3" /> The pouch is compared to the one worn by Tishcohan in his respective painting.<ref name=":3" /> The tattoos on Lappawinsoes forehead symbolize two thunderbirds and a snake or serpent.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Lenik|first=Edward J.|date=2012|title=THE THUNDERBIRD MOTIF IN NORTHEASTERN INDIAN ART|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23265141|journal=Archaeology of Eastern North America|volume=40|pages=163–185|doi=10.2307/23265141}}</ref> Body tattoos are used to represent information about the person´s character and their beliefs.<ref name=":5" /> The Thunderbird is considered a "powerful spirit being" and signifies an "active and swift-footed warrior".<ref name=":5" />


== Walking Purchase Agreement ==
== Walking Purchase Agreement ==

Revision as of 19:26, 28 January 2018

Lappawinsoe
Lappawinsoe, painted by Gustavus Hesselius
Lenape leader
Personal details
Known forSigning the Walking Purchase agreement

Lappawinsoe was a Lenape-Delaware chief. His name, often spelled as Lappawinzo, Lapowinzo or Lapowinsa signifies "gathering fruit" or "going away to gather food".[1][2][3][4]

He sold the land of his tribe to Thomas Penn, the son of William Penn, through the Walking Purchase agreement.[5] Three other Lenape-Delaware chiefs also signed the agreement: Tishecunk (sometimes referred to as Tishcohan, "tash-suk-amen" meaning "he never blackens himself"), Nutimus ("striker of fish with a spear") and Menakihikon ("a King of the Minissincks").[6][7][4] Documentation shows that Nutimus was considered the principal Indian leader of the tribes located in Delaware.[8]

Portrait

It is documented that Lappawinsoe was the first Native American who was portrayed in an oil painting.[4] Lappawinsoe and Tishecunk are considered "the only two chiefs of the Lenni Lenape whose portraits have been preserved".[1] In his portrait, Lappawinsoe is shown as a muscular man of about 40 years of age.[1] Further descriptions of the painting focus on the tattoos on Lappawinsoe´s face and neck as well as on the pouch he is wearing.[4] The pouch is compared to the one worn by Tishcohan in his respective painting.[4] The tattoos on Lappawinsoes forehead symbolize two thunderbirds and a snake or serpent.[9] Body tattoos are used to represent information about the person´s character and their beliefs.[9] The Thunderbird is considered a "powerful spirit being" and signifies an "active and swift-footed warrior".[9]

Walking Purchase Agreement

In 1737, Lappawinsoe signed the Walking Purchase agreement to sell part of his tribe´s land "extending as far west as a man could walk in a day and a half".[10] An attributed quote states: "Chief Lappawinsoe, believing the treaty genuine and assuming a man could only walk 40 miles, agreed to the WALK!".[11] William Penn´s sons, Thomas Penn and John Penn, convinced the Lenape that their father had already bought the land from them.[12] Contrary to Lenape believe, Thomas Penn, John Penn and James Logan hired fast runners to run a prepared path which resulted in a bigger landloss for the Lenape than they had imagined.[13] Edward Marshall, one of the three walkers and the only one who completed the full walk, states in a testimony in 1751 that Lappawinsoe was living in the Indian town Hockendocqua (also referred to as Hociundoquen).[7] When he was passing the place during the walk asking Lappawinsoe for an Indian to come with him, he said "they had got all the best land, and they might go to the Devil for the bad" and that he would send no Indian with them.[7] Furthermore, Lappawinsoe is said to have described the walk as not "fairly performed" and "no sit down to smoke, no shoot a squirrel, but lun, lun, lun all day long!"[1][12][14]

The Lenni Lenape had a friendly relationship with William Penn, including several fair treaties they made with him.[13] Over the years, this lead to a good reputation of the Pennsylvania government among the Lenape people.[13] Part of the reason the Lenape chiefs signed the Walking Purchase treaty was also to honor this peaceful relationship with William Penn.[14]

Quote

[The white runners] should have walkt along by the River Delaware or the next Indian path to it… should have walkt for a few Miles and then have sat down and smoakt a Pipe, and now and then have shot a Squirrel, and not have kept up the Run, Run all day.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Buck, William J. (1883). "Lappawinzo and Tishcohan, Chiefs of the Lenni Lenape". The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 7 (2): 215–218. doi:10.2307/20084604.
  2. ^ 1644-1718., Penn, William, (1970). William Penn's own account of Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians. Myers, Albert Cook, 1874-1960,, Pomfret, John E. (Rev. ed.). Moorestown, N.J.: Middle Atlantic Press. ISBN 0912608137. OCLC 233931836. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ "Walking Purchase | Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia". philadelphiaencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
  4. ^ a b c d e Becker, Marshall J. (1982). "Search for the Lenape Indians". Archaeology. 35 (3): 10–19. doi:10.2307/41727825.
  5. ^ "The State Museum of Pennsylvania Presents An Image of Peace: The William Penn Treaty". statemuseumpa.org. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
  6. ^ C.,, Kraft, Herbert (1986). The Lenape : archaeology, history, and ethnography. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society. ISBN 0911020144. OCLC 13062917.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c 1909-1994., Weslager, C. A. (Clinton Alfred), (1972). The Delaware Indians; a history. New Brunswick, N.J.,: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813514940. OCLC 282073. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ 1960-, Kenny, Kevin, (2009). Peaceable kingdom lost : the Paxton Boys and the destruction of William Penn's holy experiment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195331509. OCLC 245598485. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b c Lenik, Edward J. (2012). "THE THUNDERBIRD MOTIF IN NORTHEASTERN INDIAN ART". Archaeology of Eastern North America. 40: 163–185. doi:10.2307/23265141.
  10. ^ "Walking Purchase". Wikipedia. 2017-09-18.
  11. ^ "Walking Purchase - Pennsylvania Historical Markers on Waymarking.com". www.waymarking.com. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
  12. ^ a b Encyclopedia of Illinois Indians. St. Clair Shores, Mich.: Somerset Publishers, Inc. 1998. ISBN 040309335X. OCLC 40804721.
  13. ^ a b c "The Pennsylvania Center for the Book - The Walking Purchase". pabook2.libraries.psu.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
  14. ^ a b "The Pennsylvania Center for the Book - The Walking Purchase". pabook2.libraries.psu.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
  15. ^ "The Walking Purchase". Delaware (Lenape) Tribe of Indians: Home Page. Archived from the original on 2012-07-27. Retrieved 2012-10-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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