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[[File:Stormie-jones-body(1).jpg|thumb|Stormie Jones, the world’s first heart-liver transplant recipient, initially was treated at UT Southwestern.]]
[[File:Stormie-jones-body(1).jpg|thumb|Stormie Jones, the world’s first heart-liver transplant recipient, initially was treated at UT Southwestern.]]
'''Stormie Dawn Jones''' (May 30, 1977 &ndash; November 11, 1990) was the world's first recipient of a successful simultaneous [[heart]] and [[liver]] [[organ transplant]]. On February 14, 1984, under the direction of Dr. [[Thomas E. Starzl]], Drs. Byers W. Shaw Jr. and [[Henry T. Bahnson]] replaced the six-year-old's heart and liver at the [[Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC|Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="nytimes">New York Times. February 20, 1990. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C0CE5DA143FF933A15751C0A966958260 New Liver for Stormie Jones]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref> Stormie had a condition which raised her blood [[cholesterol]] to 10 times normal levels.<ref name="nytimes" /> The condition, a severe form of [[familial hypercholesterolemia]],<ref name="million">Time Magazine. Mar. 26, 1984. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921648,00.html A One-in-a-Million Worst Case]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref>
'''Stormie Dawn Jones''' (May 30, 1977 &ndash; November 11, 1990) was the world's first recipient of a successful simultaneous [[heart]] and [[liver]] [[organ transplant]]. On February 14, 1984, under the direction of Dr. [[Thomas E. Starzl]], Drs. Byers W. Shaw Jr. and [[Henry T. Bahnson]] replaced the six-year-old's heart and liver at the [[Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC|Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="nytimes">New York Times. February 20, 1990. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C0CE5DA143FF933A15751C0A966958260 New Liver for Stormie Jones]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref> Stormie had a condition which raised her blood [[cholesterol]] to 10 times normal levels.<ref name="nytimes" /> The condition, a severe form of [[familial hypercholesterolemia]],<ref name="million">Time Magazine. Mar. 26, 1984. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,921648,00.html A One-in-a-Million Worst Case]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref>
and the resultant high levels of [[low density lipoprotein]] that damaged her organs, gave her two heart attacks when she was six years old.<ref name="YOUNG TEXAS">New York Times. October 15, 1985. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9A01E7DF1E39F936A25753C1A963948260 Young Texas transplant patient is among many aided by Nobel research]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref> The case showed that the liver controls blood cholesterol and that high cholesterol is controllable,<ref name="find">Findagrave.com [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6916650 Stormie Dawn Jones]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref> and was part of the research on cholesterol and the liver that won [[Joseph L. Goldstein]] and [[Michael S. Brown]] the [[Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine|Nobel prize in medicine]] in 1985.<ref name="million"/><ref name=" YOUNG TEXAS"/> Stormie died on November 11, 1990.<ref name="cbs">CBSNews.com. [http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/transplants/timeline.html Transplant History]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref> Her death was related to rejection of the heart transplant she had received in 1984.<ref name="death">New York Times. November 17, 1990. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0D81231F934A25752C1A966958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fC%2fChildren%20and%20Youth Girl's Death Linked to Transplant Rejection]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref>
and the resultant high levels of [[low density lipoprotein]] that damaged her organs, gave her two heart attacks when she was six years old.<ref name="YOUNG TEXAS">New York Times. October 15, 1985. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9A01E7DF1E39F936A25753C1A963948260 Young Texas transplant patient is among many aided by Nobel research]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref> The case showed that the liver controls blood cholesterol and that high cholesterol is controllable,<ref name="find">Findagrave.com [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6916650 Stormie Dawn Jones]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref> and was part of the research on cholesterol and the liver that won [[Joseph L. Goldstein]] and [[Michael S. Brown]] the [[Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine|Nobel prize in medicine]] in 1985.<ref name="million"/><ref name=" YOUNG TEXAS"/> Stormie died on November 11, 1990.<ref name="cbs">CBSNews.com. [http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/transplants/timeline.html Transplant History]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref> Her death was related to rejection of the heart transplant she had received in 1984.<ref name="death">New York Times. November 17, 1990. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0D81231F934A25752C1A966958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fC%2fChildren%20and%20Youth Girl's Death Linked to Transplant Rejection]. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.</ref>


There were very specific reasons for performing a combined heart and liver transplant in this young girl. Due to her inherited condition, Stormie's liver was unable to remove cholesterol, i.e. [[LDL-cholesterol]], from her bloodstream. As a result, her LDL-cholesterol levels became very high and caused her two heart attacks by age six. On the other hand, the transplanted liver, being normal and healthy, was able to clear the LDL-cholesterol from her blood. Indeed, after the transplant, Stormie's LDL-cholesterol declined by 81%—from an astounding 988 to a near-normal 184&nbsp;mg per deciliter.<ref>New England Journal of Medicine. December 27, 1984. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/26/1658 Liver transplantation to provide low-density-lipoprotein receptors and lower plasma cholesterol in a child with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia]</ref> Since she was going to require lifelong [[immunosuppressant]] therapy anyway to prevent rejection of her transplanted liver, and since her heart had been severely damaged by her previous heart attacks, it was decided to also perform a heart transplant.
There were very specific reasons for performing a combined heart and liver transplant in this young girl. Due to her inherited condition, Stormie's liver was unable to remove cholesterol, i.e. [[LDL-cholesterol]], from her bloodstream. As a result, her LDL-cholesterol levels became very high and caused her two heart attacks by age six. On the other hand, the transplanted liver, being normal and healthy, was able to clear the LDL-cholesterol from her blood. Indeed, after the transplant, Stormie's LDL-cholesterol declined by 81%—from an astounding 988 to a near-normal 184&nbsp;mg per deciliter.<ref>New England Journal of Medicine. December 27, 1984. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/26/1658 Liver transplantation to provide low-density-lipoprotein receptors and lower plasma cholesterol in a child with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia]</ref> Since she was going to require lifelong [[immunosuppressant]] therapy anyway to prevent rejection of her transplanted liver, and since her heart had been severely damaged by her previous heart attacks, it was decided to also perform a heart transplant.

Revision as of 23:11, 23 February 2018

Stormie Jones, the world’s first heart-liver transplant recipient, initially was treated at UT Southwestern.

Stormie Dawn Jones (May 30, 1977 – November 11, 1990) was the world's first recipient of a successful simultaneous heart and liver organ transplant. On February 14, 1984, under the direction of Dr. Thomas E. Starzl, Drs. Byers W. Shaw Jr. and Henry T. Bahnson replaced the six-year-old's heart and liver at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[1] Stormie had a condition which raised her blood cholesterol to 10 times normal levels.[1] The condition, a severe form of familial hypercholesterolemia,[2] and the resultant high levels of low density lipoprotein that damaged her organs, gave her two heart attacks when she was six years old.[3] The case showed that the liver controls blood cholesterol and that high cholesterol is controllable,[4] and was part of the research on cholesterol and the liver that won Joseph L. Goldstein and Michael S. Brown the Nobel prize in medicine in 1985.[2][3] Stormie died on November 11, 1990.[5] Her death was related to rejection of the heart transplant she had received in 1984.[6]

There were very specific reasons for performing a combined heart and liver transplant in this young girl. Due to her inherited condition, Stormie's liver was unable to remove cholesterol, i.e. LDL-cholesterol, from her bloodstream. As a result, her LDL-cholesterol levels became very high and caused her two heart attacks by age six. On the other hand, the transplanted liver, being normal and healthy, was able to clear the LDL-cholesterol from her blood. Indeed, after the transplant, Stormie's LDL-cholesterol declined by 81%—from an astounding 988 to a near-normal 184 mg per deciliter.[7] Since she was going to require lifelong immunosuppressant therapy anyway to prevent rejection of her transplanted liver, and since her heart had been severely damaged by her previous heart attacks, it was decided to also perform a heart transplant.

References

  1. ^ a b New York Times. February 20, 1990. New Liver for Stormie Jones. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
  2. ^ a b Time Magazine. Mar. 26, 1984. A One-in-a-Million Worst Case. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
  3. ^ a b New York Times. October 15, 1985. Young Texas transplant patient is among many aided by Nobel research. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
  4. ^ Findagrave.com Stormie Dawn Jones. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
  5. ^ CBSNews.com. Transplant History. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
  6. ^ New York Times. November 17, 1990. Girl's Death Linked to Transplant Rejection. Retrieved on July 2, 2007.
  7. ^ New England Journal of Medicine. December 27, 1984. Liver transplantation to provide low-density-lipoprotein receptors and lower plasma cholesterol in a child with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
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