Vaterite: Difference between revisions
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| caption = Vaterite from San Vito quarry, San Vito, Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Italy |
| caption = Vaterite from San Vito quarry, San Vito, Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Italy |
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| category = [[Carbonate minerals]] |
| category = [[Carbonate minerals]] |
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| formula = CaCO<sub>3</sub> |
| formula = CaCO<sub>3</sub> |
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Vaterite, like [[aragonite]], is a [[metastable]] phase of calcium carbonate at ambient conditions at the surface of the earth. As it is less stable than either calcite or aragonite, vaterite has a higher [[solubility]] than either of these phases. Therefore, once vaterite is exposed to [[water]], it converts to [[calcite]] (at low temperature) or [[aragonite]] (at high temperature: ~60 °C). At 37 °C for example a solution-mediated transition from vaterite to calcite occurs, where the latter one dissolves and subsequently precipitates as calcite assisted by an [[Ostwald ripening]] process.<ref name=Zhou2010>{{cite journal | first1= Gen-Tao |last1=Zhou, | first2=Qi-Zhi |last2=Yao, | first3=Sheng-Quan |last3=Fu, | first4=Ye-Bin |last4=Guan | url= http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/content/22/2/259| date=2010|title =Controlled crystallization of unstable vaterite with distinct morphologies and their polymorphic transition to stable calcite| doi= 10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0022-2008 | journal=Eur. J. Mineralogy}} </ref> |
Vaterite, like [[aragonite]], is a [[metastable]] phase of calcium carbonate at ambient conditions at the surface of the earth. As it is less stable than either calcite or aragonite, vaterite has a higher [[solubility]] than either of these phases. Therefore, once vaterite is exposed to [[water]], it converts to [[calcite]] (at low temperature) or [[aragonite]] (at high temperature: ~60 °C). At 37 °C for example a solution-mediated transition from vaterite to calcite occurs, where the latter one dissolves and subsequently precipitates as calcite assisted by an [[Ostwald ripening]] process.<ref name=Zhou2010>{{cite journal | first1= Gen-Tao |last1=Zhou, | first2=Qi-Zhi |last2=Yao, | first3=Sheng-Quan |last3=Fu, | first4=Ye-Bin |last4=Guan | url= http://eurjmin.geoscienceworld.org/content/22/2/259| date=2010|title =Controlled crystallization of unstable vaterite with distinct morphologies and their polymorphic transition to stable calcite| doi= 10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0022-2008 | journal=Eur. J. Mineralogy}} </ref> |
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However, vaterite does occur naturally in [[mineral spring]]s, organic tissue, [[gallstone]]s, |
However, vaterite does occur naturally in [[mineral spring]]s, organic tissue, [[gallstone]]s, urinary calculi and plants<ref>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180305101631.htm</ref>. In those circumstances, some impurities ([[metal]] ions or organic matter) may stabilize the vaterite and prevent its transformation into calcite or aragonite. Vaterite is usually colorless, its shape is spherical, and its diameter is small, ranging from 0.05 to 5 μm. |
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Vaterite can be produced as the first mineral deposits repairing natural or experimentally-induced shell damage in some aragonite-shelled mollusks (e.g. gastropods). Subsequent shell deposition occurs as aragonite. |
Vaterite can be produced as the first mineral deposits repairing natural or experimentally-induced shell damage in some aragonite-shelled mollusks (e.g. gastropods). Subsequent shell deposition occurs as aragonite. |
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Revision as of 07:13, 6 March 2018
| Vaterite | |
|---|---|
 Vaterite from San Vito quarry, San Vito, Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Italy | |
| General | |
| Category | Carbonate minerals |
| Formula (repeating unit) | CaCO3 |
| Strunz classification | 5.AB.20 |
| Crystal system | Hexagonal |
| Crystal class | Dihexagonal dipyramidal (6mmm) H-M symbol: (6/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Space group | P63/mmc {P63/m 2/m 2/c} |
| Unit cell | a = 4.13, c = 8.49 [Å]; Z = 6 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Colorless |
| Crystal habit | Fine fibrous crystals, typically less than 0.1 mm, in spherulitic aggregates. |
| Fracture | Irregular to uneven, splintery |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 3 |
| Luster | Sub-vitreous, waxy |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to semi-transparent |
| Specific gravity | 2.54 |
| Optical properties | Uniaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nω = 1.550 nε = 1.650 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.100 |
| References | [1][2][3] |
Vaterite is a mineral, a polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It was named after the German mineralogist Heinrich Vater. It is also known as mu-calcium carbonate (μ-CaCO3) and has a JCPDS number of 13-192. Vaterite belongs to the hexagonal crystal system, whereas calcite is trigonal and aragonite is orthorhombic.
Vaterite, like aragonite, is a metastable phase of calcium carbonate at ambient conditions at the surface of the earth. As it is less stable than either calcite or aragonite, vaterite has a higher solubility than either of these phases. Therefore, once vaterite is exposed to water, it converts to calcite (at low temperature) or aragonite (at high temperature: ~60 °C). At 37 °C for example a solution-mediated transition from vaterite to calcite occurs, where the latter one dissolves and subsequently precipitates as calcite assisted by an Ostwald ripening process.[4]
However, vaterite does occur naturally in mineral springs, organic tissue, gallstones, urinary calculi and plants[5]. In those circumstances, some impurities (metal ions or organic matter) may stabilize the vaterite and prevent its transformation into calcite or aragonite. Vaterite is usually colorless, its shape is spherical, and its diameter is small, ranging from 0.05 to 5 μm.
Vaterite can be produced as the first mineral deposits repairing natural or experimentally-induced shell damage in some aragonite-shelled mollusks (e.g. gastropods). Subsequent shell deposition occurs as aragonite.
See also
References
- ^ Mindat.org
- ^ Handbook of Mineralogy
- ^ Webmineral data
- ^ Zhou,, Gen-Tao; Yao,, Qi-Zhi; Fu,, Sheng-Quan; Guan, Ye-Bin (2010). "Controlled crystallization of unstable vaterite with distinct morphologies and their polymorphic transition to stable calcite". Eur. J. Mineralogy. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0022-2008.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180305101631.htm