Rudolf E. Kálmán: Difference between revisions
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'''Rudolf |
'''Rudolf Emil Kálmán'''<ref>[http://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=5300000000455 National Science Foundation] – The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details: RUDOLF E. KÁLMÁN</ref> ({{lang-hu|Kálmán Rudolf Emil}}; May 19, 1930 – July 2, 2016) was a Hungarian-born American [[electrical engineer]], mathematician, and inventor. He was most noted for his co-invention and development of the [[Kalman filter]], a mathematical algorithm that is widely used in [[signal processing]], [[control system]]s, and [[guidance, navigation and control]]. For this work, U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] awarded Kálmán the [[National Medal of Science]] on October 7, 2009.<ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-national-medal-science-and-national-medal-technology-and-innovati</ref> |
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==Life and career== |
==Life and career== |
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Revision as of 11:42, 8 March 2018
Rudolf E. Kálmán | |
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| Born | Rudolf Emil Kálmán[1] May 19, 1930 |
| Died | July 2, 2016 (aged 86)[2] |
| Nationality | Hungarian-born American citizen |
| Alma mater | Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Columbia University |
| Awards | IEEE Medal of Honor (1974) Rufus Oldenburger Medal (1976) Kyoto Prize (1985) Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award (1997) National Medal of Science (2009) Charles Stark Draper Prize |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Electrical Engineering; Mathematics; Applied Engineering Systems Theory |
| Institutions | Stanford University; University of Florida; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology |
| Doctoral advisor | John Ragazzini |
Rudolf Emil Kálmán[3] (Template:Lang-hu; May 19, 1930 – July 2, 2016) was a Hungarian-born American electrical engineer, mathematician, and inventor. He was most noted for his co-invention and development of the Kalman filter, a mathematical algorithm that is widely used in signal processing, control systems, and guidance, navigation and control. For this work, U.S. President Barack Obama awarded Kálmán the National Medal of Science on October 7, 2009.[4]
Life and career
Rudolf Kálmán was born in Budapest in 1930. After emigrating to the United States in 1943, he earned his bachelor's degree in 1953 and his master's degree in 1954, both from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in electrical engineering. Kálmán completed his doctorate in 1957 at Columbia University in New York City.
Kálmán worked as a Research Mathematician at the Research Institute for Advanced Studies in Baltimore, Maryland from 1958 until 1964. He was a professor at Stanford University from 1964 until 1971, and then a Graduate Research Professor and the Director of the Center for Mathematical System Theory, at the University of Florida from 1971 until 1992. He periodically returned to Fontainebleau from 1969 to 1972 at MINES ParisTech where he served as scientific advisor for Centre de recherches en automatique. Starting in 1973, he also held the chair of Mathematical System Theory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland.
Kálmán died on the morning of July 2, 2016, at his home in Gainesville, Florida.[5]
Work
Kálmán was an electrical engineer by his undergraduate and graduate education at M.I.T. and Columbia University, and he was noted for his co-invention of the Kalman filter (or Kalman-Bucy Filter), which is a mathematical technique widely used in the digital computers of control systems, navigation systems, avionics, and outer-space vehicles to extract a signal from a long sequence of noisy or incomplete measurements, usually those done by electronic and gyroscopic systems.
Kálmán's ideas on filtering were initially met with vast skepticism, so much so that he was forced to do the first publication of his results in mechanical engineering, rather than in electrical engineering or systems engineering. Kálmán had more success in presenting his ideas, however, while visiting Stanley F. Schmidt at the NASA Ames Research Center in 1960. This led to the use of Kálmán filters during the Apollo program, and furthermore, in the NASA Space Shuttle, in Navy submarines, and in unmanned aerospace vehicles and weapons, such as cruise missiles. [citation needed]
Kálmán published several seminal papers during the sixties, which rigorously established what is now known as the state-space representation of dynamical systems. He introduced the formal definition of a system, the notions of controllability and observability, eventually leading to the Kalman decomposition. Kálmán also gave groundbreaking contributions to the theory of optimal control and provided, in his joint work with J. E. Bertram, a comprehensive and insightful exposure of stability theory for dynamical systems. He also worked with B. L. Ho on the minimal realization problem, providing the well known Ho-Kalman algorithm.
Awards and honors
Kálmán was a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the American National Academy of Engineering,[1] and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was a foreign member of the Hungarian, French, and Russian Academies of Science. He has been awarded many honorary doctorates from other universities. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.[6]
Kálmán received the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1974, the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984, the Inamori foundation's Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology in 1985, the Steele Prize of the American Mathematical Society in 1987, the Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award in 1997,[7] and the National Academy of Engineering's Charles Stark Draper Prize in 2008.
Kálmán also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1990.[8]
See also
Selected publications
- (Dead link; can be found at the Internet Archive) Kalman, R.E. (1960). "A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems" (PDF). Journal of Basic Engineering. 82 (1): 35–45. doi:10.1115/1.3662552. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2013-04-08.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
- Kalman, R.E.; Bucy, R.S. (1961). "New Results in Linear Filtering and Prediction Theory" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-04-08.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
- Kalman, R. E. (1960). "Contributions to the theory of optimal control". Bol. Soc. Mat. Mexicana.
- Kalman, R. E. (1963). "Mathematical description of linear dynamical systems". Journal of the SIAM.
- Kalman, R. E.; Bertram, J. E. (1960). "Control system analysis and design Via the "second method" of Lyapunov: I — Continuous-time systems". ASME Journal of Basic Engineering.
- Kalman, R. E.; Bertram, J. E. (1960). "Control system analysis and design Via the "second method" of Lyapunov: II — Discrete-time systems". ASME Journal of Basic Engineering.
- Kalman, R. E.; Ho, B. L. (1966). "Editorial: Effective construction of linear state-variable models from input/output functions". Regelungstechnik.
References
- ^ a b Prof. Dr. Rudolf Kalman was elected in 1991 as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering.
- ^ Remembering Rudolf E. Kalman (1930 – 2016) Archived 2016-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ National Science Foundation – The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details: RUDOLF E. KÁLMÁN
- ^ https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-national-medal-science-and-national-medal-technology-and-innovati
- ^ In Loving Memory of Professor Rudolf Emil Kalman Obituary
- ^ List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, retrieved 2013-01-27.
- ^ "Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award". American Automatic Control Council. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
- ^ webperson@hw.ac.uk. "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates". www1.hw.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
External links
- The Kalman Filter website
- Kyoto Prize
- For Kálmán's PhD students see Rudolf Emil Kálmán on the Mathematics Genealogy Project page.
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Rudolf E. Kálmán", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- A biography by Kalman's Ph.D. advisor, J R Ragazzini is given in "Dynamical Systems, Measurement, and Control", June 1977 pp. 73–75. This also has a list of Kalman's major publications.
- Biography of Kalman from the IEEE
- 1930 births
- 2016 deaths
- 20th-century American mathematicians
- 21st-century American mathematicians
- American electrical engineers
- American inventors
- American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
- Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
- Control theorists
- ETH Zurich faculty
- Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
- Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Hungarian emigrants to the United States
- IEEE Centennial Medal laureates
- IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
- Draper Prize winners
- Kyoto laureates in Advanced Technology
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
- Members of the French Academy of Sciences
- Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- People from Budapest
- Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award recipients
- Stanford University faculty
- Systems engineers
- University of Florida faculty