Nycteribiidae: Difference between revisions
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'''Nycteribiidae''' of the true [[fly]] [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] [[Hippoboscoidea]] are known as "'''bat flies'''", together with their close relatives the [[Streblidae]]. As the |
'''Nycteribiidae''' of the true [[fly]] [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]] [[Hippoboscoidea]] are known as "'''bat flies'''", together with their close relatives the [[Streblidae]] and the more distantly related, the [[Mystacinobiidae]]. As the Streblidaedo not seem to be a [[monophyletic]] group, it is conceivable not to unite the first two groups of bat flies in a single [[family (biology)|family]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Frederik Torp Petersen |author2=Rudolf Meier |author3=Sujatha Narayanan Kutty |author4=Brian M. Wiegmann |year=2007 |title=The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=111–122 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.023 |pmid=17583536}}</ref> |
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They are flattened, spiderlike flies without eyes or wings, and are seldom encountered by general collectors, as they almost never leave the bodies of their hosts. Both males and females take blood meals, thus they qualify as real parasites. Most species are highly host-specific. The family is primarily found in the [[Old World]] [[tropics]]; a few of the 274<ref name="GraciolliDick08">{{cite journal |author1=Gustavo Graciolli |author2=Carl W. Dick |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Checklist of World Nycteribiidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) |publisher = [[Field Museum of Natural History]] |date=October 22, 2008 |url=http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/cdick/Nycteribiidae_Checklist_22oct08.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213212308/http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/cdick/Nycteribiidae_Checklist_22oct08.pdf |archivedate=February 13, 2012 |format = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]]| accessdate=December 10, 2008}}</ref> known [[species]] occur in the [[Neotropics]] and in [[Europe]]. |
They are flattened, spiderlike flies without eyes or wings, and are seldom encountered by general collectors, as they almost never leave the bodies of their hosts. Both males and females take blood meals, thus they qualify as real parasites. Most species are highly host-specific. The family is primarily found in the [[Old World]] [[tropics]]; a few of the 274<ref name="GraciolliDick08">{{cite journal |author1=Gustavo Graciolli |author2=Carl W. Dick |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Checklist of World Nycteribiidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) |publisher = [[Field Museum of Natural History]] |date=October 22, 2008 |url=http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/cdick/Nycteribiidae_Checklist_22oct08.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213212308/http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/cdick/Nycteribiidae_Checklist_22oct08.pdf |archivedate=February 13, 2012 |format = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]]| accessdate=December 10, 2008}}</ref> known [[species]] occur in the [[Neotropics]] and in [[Europe]]. |
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Revision as of 20:09, 18 March 2018
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| Family: | Nycteribiidae Samouelle, 1819
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3, see text | |
Nycteribiidae of the true fly superfamily Hippoboscoidea are known as "bat flies", together with their close relatives the Streblidae and the more distantly related, the Mystacinobiidae. As the Streblidaedo not seem to be a monophyletic group, it is conceivable not to unite the first two groups of bat flies in a single family.[1]
They are flattened, spiderlike flies without eyes or wings, and are seldom encountered by general collectors, as they almost never leave the bodies of their hosts. Both males and females take blood meals, thus they qualify as real parasites. Most species are highly host-specific. The family is primarily found in the Old World tropics; a few of the 274[2] known species occur in the Neotropics and in Europe.
Genera
- Subfamily Archinycteribiinae Maa, 1975
- Archinycteribia Speiser, 1901
- Subfamily Cyclopodiinae Maa, 1965
- Cyclopodia Kolenati, 1863
- Dipseliopoda Theodor, 1955
- Eucampsipoda Kolenati, 1857
- Leptocyclopodia Theodor, 1959
- Subfamily Nycteribiinae Westwood, 1835
- Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903
- Hershkovitzia Guimarães & d'Andretta, 1956
- Nycteribia Latreille, 1796
- Penicillidia Kolenati, 1863
- Phthiridium Hermann, 1804
- Stereomyia Theodor, 1967[2]
Morphology
One of the key morphological feature of Nycteribiidae is their highly reduced compound eyes. Many species of Nycteribiidae contain no visible eyes or contain only rudimentary eye spots. None of the species contain wings. They have backward folded legs that resemble spiders and a dorsally inserted head.[3]
References
- ^ Frederik Torp Petersen; Rudolf Meier; Sujatha Narayanan Kutty; Brian M. Wiegmann (2007). "The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 (1): 111–122. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.023. PMID 17583536.
- ^ a b Gustavo Graciolli; Carl W. Dick (October 22, 2008). "Checklist of World Nycteribiidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea)" (PDF). Field Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 13, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., Marion Kotrba, and Robert S. Copeland. "Further details of the morphology of the enigmatic African fly Mormotomyia hirsuta Austen (Diptera: Mormotomyiidae)." African Invertebrates 52.1 (2011): 145-165.
Further reading
- Bertola, P.B.; Aires, C.C.; Favorito, S.E.; Graciolli, G.; Amaku, M.; Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2005). "Bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae) parasitic on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite associations" (PDF). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 100 (1): 25–32. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762005000100005.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Graciolli, G.; Moura, M.O. (2005). "Basilia quadrosae sp. nov. (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), member of the ferruginea group, from southern Brazil" (PDF excerpt). Zootaxa. 1087: 33–38.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Graciolli, G.; Passos, F.C.; Pedro, W.A.; Lim, B.K. (200). "Records of Streblidae and Nycteribiidae (Diptera) on vespertilionid bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from São Paulo State, Brazil". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 110 (3): 402–404. doi:10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[402:ROSAND]2.0.CO;2.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) HTML abstract - Graciolli, G.; Dick, C.W.; Gettinger, D. (2006). "A faunal survey of nycteribiid flies (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) associated with bats in Paraguay" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1220: 35–46.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - Graciolli, G.; Autino, A.G.; Claps, G.L. (2007). "Catalogue of American Nycteribiidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea)" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia. 51 (2): 142–159. doi:10.1590/S0085-56262007000200004.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)
External links
Data related to Nycteribiidae at Wikispecies
Media related to Nycteribiidae at Wikimedia Commons- Diptera.info Images
- Nycteribiidae page at British Insects: Diptera Families (Contains links to illustrations)
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