British Columbia New Democratic Party

File:Bcndp.jpg
Current Leader:	Carole James
Founded:	1961
Headquarters:	3110 Boundary Road Burnaby, BC V5M 4A2
Colours:	White, Blue & Onange
Political ideology:	Social Democratic

The New Democratic Party of British Columbia is a political party in British Columbia, Canada. It is the provincial arm of the social democratic New Democratic Party of Canada.

Unlike other parties in Canada, where provincial and federal politics are strictly separated and members of one are not necessarily members of the other, the NDP fuses the memberships. Officially, every member of the NDP of BC is also a member of the NDP of Canada.

The party was formed in 1933 as the British Columbia section of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation by a coalition of the Socialist Party of Canada (BC), the League for Social Reconstruction, and affiliated organizations. In August 1933, the latter two organizations merged to become the Associated CCF Clubs. A further merger with the SPC (BC) took place in 1935. In 1960, the name was changed nationally to the New Party, then in 1961 to New Democratic Party.

This two party system was challenged with the rise of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) in western Canada in the 1940s, and its successor the New Democratic Party of Canada (NDP). The CCF first took power in Saskatchewan under Premier Tommy Douglas, and made major inroads in British Columbia. In order to block the rise of the socialist CCF, the BC Liberals and Conservatives formed a coalition government in 1941 when neither party had enough seats to form a majority government on its own. Tensions arose in the coalition due to the dominance of Liberals, and the coalition finally collapsed in 1951 when the Conservatives refounded themselves as an independent party.

In order to prevent the British Columbia CCF from winning in a three party competition, the government introduced the Single Transferable Vote with the expectation that Conservative would list the Liberals as their second choice and vice versa. Unexpectedly, the BC Social Credit League, under its new leader W.A.C. Bennett, was able to exploit this system, and emerged as the largest party when the ballots were counted in the 1952 general election. Voters were tired of both the Liberals and the Tories and were looking for alternatives. With the CCF having only one seat less than Social Credit, and both the Liberals and Tories having only a handful of seats, it was Social Credit that emerged as the new party of choice for business and voters who wanted to keep the CCF out of power. In 1953, Bennett won a majority government, and both the Liberal and the Conservative parties were reduced to fringe parties.

The Socred's electoral coalition was able to keep the CCF and the NDP out of power until the 1970s, when the tired, stagnating Bennett government was defeated.

The NDP first won election in 1972 under Dave Barrett, who served as Premier for three years. The NDP passed huge amounts of modernizing legislation in a very short period of time - virtually a revolution in BC provincial goverance. Among lasting changes were the Insurance Corporation of BC, the Agricultural Land Reserve and such additions such as Hansard and Question Period to the legislature. The NDP drove the small BC Liberal Party to abandon their leader David Anderson for the Social Credit Party, as did one of the two Tories elected in 1972. The NDP introduced capital taxes, slashed funding to universities, but suffered the most for bringing clarity to the accounting Social Credit had used and showed that BC was significantly in debt.

In 1975 when the BC Social Credit Party, under W.A.C's son Bill Bennett, won a snap election called by Barrett. The Barrett government had initiated a number of reforms in the areas of labour relations, the public service and social programs, most of which endured through to the restraint budget of 1983.

The NDP peaked in popular support in 1979 with 46% of the vote. In each election since then, the NDP has lost vote. It took the complete meltdown of the Social Credit party for the NDP next to take power in 1991 election under Mike Harcourt, and ruled the province for the next ten years with a succession of leaders at the helm.

Today, the main opponents of the NDP of BC are the Green Party of British Columbia (which challenges it especially for the votes of ecologists and environmentally concerned citizens but lies mainly to the right of the NDP), and the BC Liberal Party, the present majority party.

Despite serving as the government throughout the 1990s, the NDP of BC was plagued by a series of leadership scandals that forced the resignations of premiers Harcourt in 1996 and Glen Clark in 1999. One of the many blunders the NDP government embarked on was the construction of the PacifiCats, which would later become part of the FastCat Fiasco. In the May, 2001 British Columbia Election, the New Democrats only won two seats of the 79 in the Legislative Assembly despite have polled 21% of the electorate, and were therefore reduced below official party status. BC Premier Gordon Campbell of the BC Liberal Party refused to grant this status to the NDP itself, nor to any coalition or combination of the NDP, Greens, Unity, or other small parties. Taken together, the support for these parties is significant, giving rise to calls for electoral reform in the province of BC.

Carole James was elected leader of the NDP in 2003. NDP candidate Jagrup Brar won a by-election in the riding of Surrey-Panorama Ridge in October 2004, bringing the party's seat total to 3. [1]

Leaders

• Robert Connell (1933-1937)
• Harold Winch (1941-1953)
• Robert Strachan (1953-April 12, 1969)
• Thomas Berger (April 12, 1969-late 1969)
• David Barrett (late 1969-May 20, 1984)
• Bob Skelly (May 20, 1984-April 12, 1987)
• Michael Harcourt (April 12, 1987-February 18, 1996)
• Glen Clark (February 18, 1996-1999)
• Dan Miller (1999-February 20, 2000) acting
• Ujjal Dosanjh (February 20, 2000-June 16 2001)
• Joy McPhail (June 16 2001-November 23, 2003) interim
• Carole James (November 23, 2003-)

For further information, see British Columbia New Democratic Party Leadership Conventions.

See also:

• List of Canadian political parties
• List of British Columbia premiers

External links

• [2] BC NDP site