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{{Infobox medical condition |
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
Name = Xanthinuria |
| name = Xanthinuria
ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|79|8|e|70}} |
| image = Xanthin - Xanthine.svg
ICD9 = {{ICD9|277.2}} |
| caption = [[Xanthine]]
⚫
| diseasesDB_mult = {{DiseasesDB2|29821}}
⚫
ICDO = |
Image = Xanthin - Xanthine.svg |
| meshName =
Caption = [[Xanthine]] |
| meshNumber =
|
⚫
OMIM = 278300 |
OMIM_mult = {{OMIM2|603592}} |
| pronounce =
MedlinePlus = |
| field =
| synonyms =
⚫
eMedicineSubj = ped |
| symptoms =
⚫
eMedicineTopic = 2452 |
DiseasesDB = 14194 |
| complications =
| onset =
⚫
DiseasesDB_mult = {{DiseasesDB2|29821}} |
MeshName = |
| duration =
MeshNumber = |
| types =
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}
}}


'''Xanthinuria''', also known as '''xanthine oxidase deficiency''', is a rare [[genetic disorder]] causing the accumulation of [[xanthine]]. It is caused by a deficiency of the [[enzyme]] [[xanthine oxidase]].
'''Xanthinuria''', also known as '''xanthine oxidase deficiency''', is a rare [[genetic disorder]] causing the accumulation of [[xanthine]]. It is caused by a deficiency of the [[enzyme]] [[xanthine oxidase]].


It was first formally characterized in 1954.<ref>{{cite journal
It was first formally characterized in 1954.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Dent CE, Philpot GR | title = Xanthinuria, an inborn error (or deviation) of metabolism| journal = [[The Lancet|Lancet]]| year = 1954| volume = 266| issue = 6804| pages= 182–5 |pmid=13118765 | doi =10.1016/S0140-6736(54)91257-X }}</ref>
|vauthors=Dent CE, Philpot GR | title = Xanthinuria, an inborn error (or deviation) of metabolism
| journal = [[The Lancet|Lancet]]
| year = 1954
| volume = 266
| issue = 6804
| pages= 182–5 |pmid=13118765
| doi =10.1016/S0140-6736(54)91257-X }}</ref>


==Causes==
==Causes==
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
⚫
*{{cite journal|author1=Kojima T. |author2=Nishina T. |author3=Kitamura M. |author4=Hosoya T. |author5=Nishioka K. | title = Biochemical studies on the purine metabolism of four cases with hereditary xanthinuria| journal= Clin Chim Acta| year= 1984| volume = 137| issue = 2| pages= 189–98| pmid = 6423323| doi = 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90179-7}}
*{{cite journal
⚫
|author1=Kojima T. |author2=Nishina T. |author3=Kitamura M. |author4=Hosoya T. |author5=Nishioka K. | title = Biochemical studies on the purine metabolism of four cases with hereditary xanthinuria
| journal= Clin Chim Acta
| year= 1984
| volume = 137
| issue = 2
| pages= 189–98
| pmid = 6423323
| doi = 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90179-7}}


*{{cite journal| author = Hille R.| title = Structure and Function of Xanthine Oxidoreductase| journal= [[European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry]]| year = 2006| volume = 2006| issue = 10| pages= 1905–2095| doi = 10.1002/ejic.200600087}}{{refend}}
*{{cite journal
| author = Hille R.
| title = Structure and Function of Xanthine Oxidoreductase
| journal= [[European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry]]
| year = 2006
| volume = 2006
| issue = 10
| pages= 1905–2095
| doi = 10.1002/ejic.200600087}}{{refend}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{Medical resources
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|79|8|e|70}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|277.2}}
⚫
| ICDO =
⚫
| OMIM = 278300
| OMIM_mult = {{OMIM2|603592}}
| MedlinePlus =
⚫
| eMedicineSubj = ped
⚫
| eMedicineTopic = 2452
| DiseasesDB = 14194
}}
*{{RareDiseases|5621|Xanthinuria}}
*{{RareDiseases|5621|Xanthinuria}}


Revision as of 14:46, 24 April 2018

Xanthinuria
Xanthine
SpecialtyEndocrinology Edit this on Wikidata

Xanthinuria, also known as xanthine oxidase deficiency, is a rare genetic disorder causing the accumulation of xanthine. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

It was first formally characterized in 1954.[1]

Causes

Type I xanthinuria can be caused by a deficiency of xanthine dehydrogenase, which is an enzyme necessary for converting xanthine to uric acid.[2] Type II xanthinuria and molybdenum cofactor deficiency lack one or two other enzyme activities in addition to xanthine oxidase.[3]

Presentation

Sufferers have unusually high concentrations of xanthine in their blood and urine, which can lead to health problems such as renal failure and xanthine kidney stones, one of the rarest types of kidney stones.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment beyond maintaining a high fluid intake and avoiding foods that are high in purine.

References

  1. ^ Dent CE, Philpot GR (1954). "Xanthinuria, an inborn error (or deviation) of metabolism". Lancet. 266 (6804): 182–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(54)91257-X. PMID 13118765.
  2. ^ Ichida K, Amaya Y, Kamatani N, Nishino T, Hosoya T, Sakai O (1997). "Identification of two mutations in human xanthine dehydrogenase gene responsible for classical type I xanthinuria". J. Clin. Invest. 99 (10): 2391–7. doi:10.1172/JCI119421. PMC 508078. PMID 9153281.
  3. ^ Ichida K, Amaya Y, Kamatani N, Nishino T, Hosoya T, Sakai O. "Identification of two mutations in human xanthine dehydrogenase gene responsible for classical type I xanthinuria". J Clin Invest. 99(10):2391-7. PMID 9153281
  • Kojima T.; Nishina T.; Kitamura M.; Hosoya T.; Nishioka K. (1984). "Biochemical studies on the purine metabolism of four cases with hereditary xanthinuria". Clin Chim Acta. 137 (2): 189–98. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(84)90179-7. PMID 6423323.
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