1998 Costa Rican general election: Difference between revisions
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'''General elections''' were held in [[Costa Rica]] on 1 February 1998.<ref name=DN>[[Dieter Nohlen|Nohlen, D]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928357-6}}</ref> [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez]] of the [[Social Christian Unity Party]] won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 70%, the lowest since the 1950s.<ref>Nohlen, pp156-157</ref> |
'''General elections''' were held in [[Costa Rica]] on 1 February 1998.<ref name=DN>[[Dieter Nohlen|Nohlen, D]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928357-6}}</ref> [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez]] of the [[Social Christian Unity Party]] won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 70%, the lowest since the 1950s.<ref>Nohlen, pp156-157</ref> |
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An economic recession, a teachers' strike due to a pensions' reform and some corruption scandals made [[President of Costa Rica|President]] [[José María Figueres]]' government highly unpopular. Thus, officialist candidate [[José Miguel Corrales]] tried to distance himself from Figueres as much as possible. Corrales won over former [[List of Presidents of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|President of Congress]] Jorge Walter Coto Molina in PLN's primaries but the discovery of [[Voter fraud]] damaged PLN's image and split the party.<ref>Fernández, Oscar ''Costa Rica. La reafirmación del bipartidismo'' Revista Nueva Sociedad No.131, PP. 4-10</ref> On the contrary in PUSC, previous candidate [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez]] was seen as the natural nominee for this election, and despite the fact that deputy [[Luis Fishman]] was rumored as a possible internal opponent, he finally declined and Rodríguez was nominated without the need of primaries, thus keeping the party united. During Figueres' administration the so call Figueres-Calderón Pact was signed between the leaders of the two main parties (and sons of the two caudillos of the [[Costa Rican Civil War|1948 civil war]]); him and [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier]] (Rodríguez political rival) to approve several mutually beneficial laws for both major parties, something that caused outrage among large segments of the population and started the downfall of the [[two-party system]].<ref>{{cita web |url=http://www.revistacienciassociales.ucr.ac.cr/el-discurso-del-pacto-figueres-calderon/ |título=Copia archivada |fechaacceso=13 de julio de 2013 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705062600/http://www.revistacienciassociales.ucr.ac.cr/el-discurso-del-pacto-figueres-calderon/ |fechaarchivo=5 de julio de 2013 }}</ref> |
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==Results== |
==Results== |
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 Costa Rica portal |
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 1 February 1998.[2] Miguel Ángel Rodríguez of the Social Christian Unity Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 70%, the lowest since the 1950s.[3]
An economic recession, a teachers' strike due to a pensions' reform and some corruption scandals made President José María Figueres' government highly unpopular. Thus, officialist candidate José Miguel Corrales tried to distance himself from Figueres as much as possible. Corrales won over former President of Congress Jorge Walter Coto Molina in PLN's primaries but the discovery of Voter fraud damaged PLN's image and split the party.[4] On the contrary in PUSC, previous candidate Miguel Ángel Rodríguez was seen as the natural nominee for this election, and despite the fact that deputy Luis Fishman was rumored as a possible internal opponent, he finally declined and Rodríguez was nominated without the need of primaries, thus keeping the party united. During Figueres' administration the so call Figueres-Calderón Pact was signed between the leaders of the two main parties (and sons of the two caudillos of the 1948 civil war); him and Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier (Rodríguez political rival) to approve several mutually beneficial laws for both major parties, something that caused outrage among large segments of the population and started the downfall of the two-party system.[5]
Results
President
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miguel Ángel Rodríguez | Social Christian Unity Party | 652,160 | 47.1 |
| José Miguel Corrales Bolaños | National Liberation Party | 618,834 | 44.6 |
| Vladimir De la Cruz De Lemos | Democratic Force | 41,710 | 3.0 |
| Walter Muñoz Céspedes | National Integration Party | 19,934 | 1.4 |
| Sherman Thomas Jackson | Costa Rican Renewal Party | 19,313 | 1.4 |
| Álvaro González Espinoza | Democratic Party | 12,952 | 0.9 |
| Federico Malavassi Calvo | Movimiento Libertario | 5,874 | 0.4 |
| Jorge González Martén | National Independent Party | 4,218 | 0.3 |
| Alejandro Madrigal Benavides | Christian National Alliance | 3,545 | 0.3 |
| Norma Vargas Duarte | United People | 3,075 | 0.2 |
| Rodrigo Gutiérrez Schwanhäuser | New Democratic Party | 3,025 | 0.2 |
| Yolanda Gutiérrez Ventura | Independent Party | 1,377 | 0.1 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 43,715 | - | |
| Total | 1,431,913 | 100 | |
| Source: Nohlen | |||
Parliament
The country was for the time still under a heavy two-party system dynamics[6][7][8] and the two main parties at the time; National Liberation Party and Social Christian Unity Party won most of the votes. Nevertheless, some third forces also won seats on the Parliament, among them left-wing Democratic Force won two seats. It was also the first time that liberal Libertarian Movement and Christian conservative[9] Costa Rican Renewal won seats (one each) in the Parliament both for their future presidential candidates Otto Guevara and Justo Orozco respectively. The small party National Integration Party led by medic Walter Muñoz won its only seat in history for Muñoz himself.
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Christian Unity Party | 569,792 | 41.2 | 27 | +2 |
| National Liberation Party | 481,933 | 34.8 | 23 | -5 |
| Democratic Force | 79,826 | 5.8 | 3 | +1 |
| Movimiento Libertario | 42,640 | 3.1 | 1 | New |
| National Integration Party | 34,408 | 2.5 | 1 | New |
| Costa Rican Renovation Party | 27,892 | 2.0 | 1 | New |
| Democratic Party | 17,060 | 1.2 | 0 | New |
| Agrarian Labour Action Party | 16,955 | 1.2 | 1 | +1 |
| United People | 15,028 | 1.2 | 0 | New |
| National Independent Party | 12,794 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Generaleña Union | 12,583 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| New Democratic Party | 12,476 | 0.9 | 0 | New |
| National Rescue Party | 9,588 | 0.7 | 0 | New |
| Christian National Alliance | 9,176 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Cartago Agrarian Union Party | 7,138 | 0.5 | 0 | -1 |
| Partido Agrario Nacional | 7,497 | 0.5 | 0 | -1 |
| Alajuelense Democratic Action | 6,614 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Independent Party | 6,025 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Cambio Ya | 2,223 | 0.2 | 0 | New |
| Convergencia Nacional | 2,197 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Limonese Authentic Party | 2,167 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Cartago Agrarian Force | 1,892 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Independent Guanacaste Party | 1,623 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 47,052 | - | - | - |
| Total | 1,430,579 | 100 | 57 | 0 |
| Source: Nohlen | ||||
References
- ^ "February 1,Election Results - Costa Rica Totals". Election Resources. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p155 ISBN 978-0-19-928357-6
- ^ Nohlen, pp156-157
- ^ Fernández, Oscar Costa Rica. La reafirmación del bipartidismo Revista Nueva Sociedad No.131, PP. 4-10
- ^ "Copia archivada". Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- ^ Landsford, Tom. Political Handbook of the World 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ Landsford, Tom. Political Handbook of the World 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ Greenspana, Eliot; Gill, Nicholas; O'Malley, Charlie; Gilsenan, Patrick; Perill, Jisel. Elecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 2002.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|work=ignored (help) - ^ Lopez, Jaime (July 18, 2013). "Civic Groups Move Against Gay Marriage in Costa Rica". Costa Rica Star. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
