Thomas's fruit-eating bat: Difference between revisions
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===Population on Isla Escudo de Veraguas=== |
===Population on Isla Escudo de Veraguas=== |
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The population on the small (3.4 km<sup>2</sup>) island [[Isla Escudo de Veraguas]] off the [[Caribbean]] coast of [[Panama]] was classified as a separate species within the genus (''D. incomitata'', the solitary fruit-eating bat) |
The population on the small (3.4 km<sup>2</sup>) island [[Isla Escudo de Veraguas]] off the [[Caribbean]] coast of [[Panama]] was classified as a separate species within the genus (''D. incomitata'', the solitary fruit-eating bat) in 1994.<ref name = MSW3b>{{MSW3 Chiroptera | id = 13801366 | page = 418}}</ref> It had been evaluated as critically endangered by the IUCN,<ref name=iucn_incomitatus>{{cite journal | authors = Pino, J.; Samudio, R. | title = ''Artibeus incomitatus'' | journal = [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume= 2012 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | year = 2012 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2133/0 | accessdate = 17 May 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121114032149/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2133/0| archive-date= 2012-11-14| deadurl= yes}}</ref> as well as a species in danger of imminent [[extinction]] by the [[Alliance for Zero Extinction]].<ref name="strategy plan">{{cite web |url=http://www.batcon.org/pdfs/BCI%20Strategic%20Plan%202013.pdf |title=A Five-Year Plan for Global Bat Conservation |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=October 2013 |website=batcon.org |publisher=Bat Conservation International |access-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref> It was transferred to ''D. watsoni'' in 2009, based on cytochrome b data that showed it nested within ''watsoni''.<ref name="Solari2009">{{cite journal|last1= Solari|first1= S.|last2= Hoofer|first2=S. R.|last3= Larsen|first3=P. A.|last4= Brown|first4=A. D.|last5= Bull|first5=R. J.|last6= Guerrero|first6=J. A.|last7= Ortega|first7= J.|last8= Carrera|first8=J. P.|last9= Bradley|first9=R. D.|last10= Baker|first10=R. J.|title= Operational Criteria for Genetically Defined Species: Analysis of the Diversification of the Small Fruit-Eating Bats, ''Dermanura''(Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) |journal=Acta Chiropterologica|volume= 11|issue= 2|year= 2009|pages= 279–288|doi= 10.3161/150811009X485521}}</ref> The IUCN has followed this recommendation.<ref name=iucn /> Solari ''et al.'' (2009) described it as the subspecies ''D. w. incomitata''. They stated that "The paraphyly and specific status of watsoni/incomitata is not easily resolved" and suggested that nuclear DNA sequence comparisons would be useful.<ref name="Solari2009" /> The only morphological distinction between the island and mainland populations noted was differences in the cusps of the lower molars, while the DNA sequence divergence of 3.6% is less than typical for [[sister species]] in the genus.<ref name="Solari2009" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 06:05, 20 May 2018
| Thomas's fruit-eating bat | |
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| Species: | D. watsoni (Thomas, 1901)
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| Binomial name | |
| Dermanura watsoni | |
Thomas's fruit-eating bat (Dermanura watsoni), sometimes also popularly called Watson's fruit-eating bat,[2] is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae.[3] It is found in southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. The species name is in honor of H. J. Watson, a plantation owner in western Panama who used to send specimens to the British Natural History Museum, where Oldfield Thomas would often describe them.[2][4]
Taxonomy
This species was formerly placed in the genus Artibeus, but has been reclassified based on genetic research. Dermanura, formerly a subgenus of Artibeus, has been elevated to its own genus. The two genera cannot be differentiated by morphology, however; they can only be distinguished using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence data.[1][5]
Population on Isla Escudo de Veraguas
The population on the small (3.4 km2) island Isla Escudo de Veraguas off the Caribbean coast of Panama was classified as a separate species within the genus (D. incomitata, the solitary fruit-eating bat) in 1994.[6] It had been evaluated as critically endangered by the IUCN,[7] as well as a species in danger of imminent extinction by the Alliance for Zero Extinction.[8] It was transferred to D. watsoni in 2009, based on cytochrome b data that showed it nested within watsoni.[9] The IUCN has followed this recommendation.[1] Solari et al. (2009) described it as the subspecies D. w. incomitata. They stated that "The paraphyly and specific status of watsoni/incomitata is not easily resolved" and suggested that nuclear DNA sequence comparisons would be useful.[9] The only morphological distinction between the island and mainland populations noted was differences in the cusps of the lower molars, while the DNA sequence divergence of 3.6% is less than typical for sister species in the genus.[9]
References
- ^ a b c Solari, S. (2016). "Dermanura watsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. IUCN: e.T99586593A21997358. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T99586593A21997358.en. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
- ^ a b Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2009-09-28). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 440. ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9. OCLC 270129903.
- ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Goldman, Edward Alphonso (1920). Mammals of Panama. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. (see p. 16).
- ^ Lim, B. K.; Engstrom, M. D.; Lee, T. E.; Patton, J. C.; Bickham, J. W. (2004). "Molecular Differentiation of Large Species of Fruit-Eating Bats (Artibeus) and Phylogenetic Relationships Based on the Cytochrome b Gene". Acta Chiropterologica. 6 (1): 1–12. doi:10.3161/001.006.0101.
- ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 418. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ "Artibeus incomitatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. IUCN. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "A Five-Year Plan for Global Bat Conservation" (PDF). batcon.org. Bat Conservation International. October 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- ^ a b c Solari, S.; Hoofer, S. R.; Larsen, P. A.; Brown, A. D.; Bull, R. J.; Guerrero, J. A.; Ortega, J.; Carrera, J. P.; Bradley, R. D.; Baker, R. J. (2009). "Operational Criteria for Genetically Defined Species: Analysis of the Diversification of the Small Fruit-Eating Bats, Dermanura(Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)". Acta Chiropterologica. 11 (2): 279–288. doi:10.3161/150811009X485521.
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