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{{Speciesbox
{{Italic title}}
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| image = Widdringtonia wallichii00.jpg
{{Taxobox
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| image_alt =
| name = ''Widdringtonia wallichii''
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| image_caption =
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| image = Widdringtonia wallichii00.jpg
| status = CR
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| image_alt =
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| status_system = IUCN3.1
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| image_caption =
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| status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{Cite journal | author = Farjon, A. | author2 = February, E. | author3 = Higgins, S. | author4 = Fox, S. | author5 = Raimondo, D. | last-author-amp = yes | title = ''Widdringtonia cedarbergensis'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2013 | page = e.T30365A2793077 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2013 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/30365/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T30365A2793077.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{Cite journal | author = Farjon, A. | author2 = February, E. | author3 = Higgins, S. | author4 = Fox, S. | author5 = Raimondo, D. | last-author-amp = yes | title = ''Widdringtonia cedarbergensis'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2013 | page = e.T30365A2793077 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2013 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/30365/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T30365A2793077.en | access-date = 15 January 2018}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| genus = Widdringtonia
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| species = wallichii
| divisio = [[Pinophyta]]
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| authority = Endl. ex Carrière
| classis = [[Pinophyta|Pinopsida]]
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| synonyms =
| ordo = [[Pinales]]
| familia = [[Cupressaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Widdringtonia]]''
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| species = '''''W. wallichii'''''
| binomial = ''Widdringtonia wallichii''
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| binomial_authority = Endl. ex Carrière
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|synonyms =
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Callitris arborea'' <small>Schrad. ex D.E.Hutchins</small>
*''Callitris arborea'' <small>Schrad. ex D.E.Hutchins</small>
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*''Widdringtonia wallichiana'' <small>Gordon</small> nom. inval.
*''Widdringtonia wallichiana'' <small>Gordon</small> nom. inval.
}}
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2466623
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2466623
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
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{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}


'''''Widdringtonia wallichii''''' previously '''''Widdringtonia cedarbergensis''''' (''Clanwilliam Cedar'' or ''Clanwilliam Cypress'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantwxyz/widcedar.htm |title=Widdringtonia cedarbergensis |publisher=Plantzafrica.com |date= |accessdate=2015-08-18}}</ref> is a species of ''[[Widdringtonia]]'' native to [[South Africa]], where it is [[endemism|endemic]] to the [[Cederberg|Cederberg Mountains]] northeast of [[Cape Town]] in [[Western Cape Province]]. It is threatened by [[habitat loss]]<ref name=farjon>Farjon, A. (2005). ''Monograph of Cupressaceae and ''Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. {{ISBN|1-84246-068-4}}</ref><ref>Hilton-Taylor, C. et al. 1998. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/30365/all ''Widdringtonia cedarbergensis'']. Downloaded on 10 July 2007.</ref><ref>Pauw, C. A. & Linder, H. P. 1997. ''Widdringtonia'' systematics, ecology and conservation status. ''Bot. J. Linn. Soc.'' 123: 297-319.</ref> and protected in South Africa under the National Forest Act (Act 84) of 1998.<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web
'''''Widdringtonia wallichii''''' previously '''''Widdringtonia cedarbergensis''''' (''Clanwilliam cedar'' or ''Clanwilliam cypress'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantwxyz/widcedar.htm |title=Widdringtonia cedarbergensis |publisher=Plantzafrica.com |date= |accessdate=2015-08-18}}</ref><ref>University of the Witwatersrand: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060428013016/http://www.wits.ac.za/museums/herbarium/trcflis.htm Recommended English names for trees of Southern Africa]</ref> is a species of ''[[Widdringtonia]]'' native to [[South Africa]], where it is [[endemism|endemic]] to the [[Cederberg|Cederberg Mountains]] northeast of [[Cape Town]] in [[Western Cape Province]]. It is threatened by [[habitat loss]]<ref name=farjon>Farjon, A. (2005). ''Monograph of Cupressaceae and ''Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. {{ISBN|1-84246-068-4}}</ref><ref>Hilton-Taylor, C. et al. 1998. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/30365/all ''Widdringtonia cedarbergensis'']. Downloaded on 10 July 2007.</ref><ref>Pauw, C. A. & Linder, H. P. 1997. ''Widdringtonia'' systematics, ecology and conservation status. ''Bot. J. Linn. Soc.'' 123: 297-319.</ref> and protected in South Africa under the National Forest Act (Act 84) of 1998.<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web
|url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf
|url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf
|title=Protected Trees
|title=Protected Trees
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It is a small [[evergreen]] [[tree]] growing to 5–7 m (rarely to 20 m) tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are scale-like, 1.5&nbsp;mm long and 1&nbsp;mm broad on small shoots, up to 15&nbsp;mm long on strong-growing shoots, and arranged in opposite decussate pairs. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are globose to rectangular, 2–3&nbsp;cm long, with four scales.<ref name=farjon/>
It is a small [[evergreen]] [[tree]] growing to 5–7 m (rarely to 20 m) tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are scale-like, 1.5&nbsp;mm long and 1&nbsp;mm broad on small shoots, up to 15&nbsp;mm long on strong-growing shoots, and arranged in opposite decussate pairs. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are globose to rectangular, 2–3&nbsp;cm long, with four scales.<ref name=farjon/>

The tree is widely known as the "Clanwilliam Cedar" but botanists have recommended the name Clanwilliam Cypress to better reflect its botanical relationships.<ref>University of the Witwatersrand: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060428013016/http://www.wits.ac.za/museums/herbarium/trcflis.htm Recommended English names for trees of Southern Africa]</ref>


==Chemical constituents==
==Chemical constituents==
The [[essential oil]] derived from leaves contains [[terpinen-4-ol]] (36.0%), [[sabinene]] (19.2%), [[γ-terpinene]] (10.4%), [[α-terpinene]] (5.5%) and [[myrcene]] (5.5%).<ref name=Kamatoua>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2010.04.002 | title = Chemical composition of the wood and leaf oils from the "Clanwilliam Cedar" (Widdringtonia cedarbergensis J.A. Marsh): A critically endangered species | year = 2010 | last1 = Kamatou | first1 = G.P.P. | last2 = Viljoen | first2 = A.M. | last3 = Özek | first3 = T. | last4 = Başer | first4 = K.H.C. | journal = South African Journal of Botany | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | page = 652}}</ref> The wood oil contains [[thujopsene]] (47.1%), [[α-cedrol]] (10.7%), [[widdrol]] (8.5%) and [[cuparene]] (4.0%).<ref name=Kamatoua/>
The [[essential oil]] derived from leaves contains [[terpinen-4-ol]] (36.0%), [[sabinene]] (19.2%), [[γ-terpinene]] (10.4%), [[α-terpinene]] (5.5%) and [[myrcene]] (5.5%).<ref name=Kamatoua>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2010.04.002 | title = Chemical composition of the wood and leaf oils from the "Clanwilliam Cedar" (Widdringtonia cedarbergensis J.A. Marsh): A critically endangered species | year = 2010 | last1 = Kamatou | first1 = G.P.P. | last2 = Viljoen | first2 = A.M. | last3 = Özek | first3 = T. | last4 = Başer | first4 = K.H.C. | journal = South African Journal of Botany | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | page = 652}}</ref> The wood oil contains [[thujopsene]] (47.1%), [[α-cedrol]] (10.7%), [[widdrol]] (8.5%) and [[cuparene]] (4.0%).<ref name=Kamatoua/>

==See also==
*[[List of Southern African indigenous trees]]


==References==
==References==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q17275235}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q17275235}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Widdringtonia Cedarbergensis}}
[[Category:Afromontane flora]]
[[Category:Afromontane flora]]
[[Category:Widdringtonia|Cedarbergensis]]
[[Category:Widdringtonia|wallichii]]
[[Category:Trees of South Africa]]
[[Category:Trees of South Africa]]
[[Category:Protected trees of South Africa]]
[[Category:Protected trees of South Africa]]

Revision as of 02:53, 22 May 2018

Widdringtonia wallichii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Cupressales
Family: Cupressaceae
Genus: Widdringtonia
Species:
W. wallichii
Binomial name
Widdringtonia wallichii
Endl. ex Carrière
Synonyms[2]
  • Callitris arborea Schrad. ex D.E.Hutchins
  • Widdringtonia cedarbergensis J.A.Marsh nom. illeg.
  • Widdringtonia wallichiana Gordon nom. inval.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Widdringtonia wallichii.

Widdringtonia wallichii previously Widdringtonia cedarbergensis (Clanwilliam cedar or Clanwilliam cypress)[3][4] is a species of Widdringtonia native to South Africa, where it is endemic to the Cederberg Mountains northeast of Cape Town in Western Cape Province. It is threatened by habitat loss[5][6][7] and protected in South Africa under the National Forest Act (Act 84) of 1998.[8]

It is a small evergreen tree growing to 5–7 m (rarely to 20 m) tall. The leaves are scale-like, 1.5 mm long and 1 mm broad on small shoots, up to 15 mm long on strong-growing shoots, and arranged in opposite decussate pairs. The cones are globose to rectangular, 2–3 cm long, with four scales.[5]

Chemical constituents

The essential oil derived from leaves contains terpinen-4-ol (36.0%), sabinene (19.2%), γ-terpinene (10.4%), α-terpinene (5.5%) and myrcene (5.5%).[9] The wood oil contains thujopsene (47.1%), α-cedrol (10.7%), widdrol (8.5%) and cuparene (4.0%).[9]

References

  1. ^ Farjon, A.; February, E.; Higgins, S.; Fox, S.; Raimondo, D. (2013). "Widdringtonia cedarbergensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013. IUCN: e.T30365A2793077. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T30365A2793077.en. Retrieved 15 January 2018. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 14 May 2017
  3. ^ "Widdringtonia cedarbergensis". Plantzafrica.com. Retrieved 2015-08-18.
  4. ^ University of the Witwatersrand: Recommended English names for trees of Southern Africa
  5. ^ a b Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4
  6. ^ Hilton-Taylor, C. et al. 1998. Widdringtonia cedarbergensis. Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
  7. ^ Pauw, C. A. & Linder, H. P. 1997. Widdringtonia systematics, ecology and conservation status. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 123: 297-319.
  8. ^ "Protected Trees" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 30 June 2013.
  9. ^ a b Kamatou, G.P.P.; Viljoen, A.M.; Özek, T.; Başer, K.H.C. (2010). "Chemical composition of the wood and leaf oils from the "Clanwilliam Cedar" (Widdringtonia cedarbergensis J.A. Marsh): A critically endangered species". South African Journal of Botany. 76 (4): 652. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2010.04.002.
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