Quincy Smelter: Difference between revisions

	Quincy Smelter
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. National Historic Landmark District; Contributing Property
	Quincy Smelter site in July 2008
Location	Ripley, Michigan
Coordinates	47°07′31″N 88°33′51″W / 47.12525°N 88.5641°W
NRHP reference No.	89001095
Added to NRHP	February 10, 1989

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The Quincy Smelter, also known as the Quincy Smelting Works, is a former copper smelter located on the north side of the Keweenaw Waterway in Ripley, Michigan. It is a contributing property of the Quincy Mining Company Historic District, a National Historic Landmark District. The smelter was built in 1898 by the Quincy Mining Company, operating from 1898 to 1931 and again from 1948 to 1971. The smelter was part of a Superfund site from 1986 to 2013.

History

Operational years

The Quincy Mining Company incorporated in 1848.^[2] Like other mines in the area, Quincy had its own stamp mills, but did not produce enough copper to justify the investment of operating its own smelter. Before 1860, when the Lake Superior Smelter opened in Hancock, copper was shipped out to be smelted in cities such as Boston or Detroit.^[3]

By the late 1890s, the quantity of rock mined by Quincy justified the company building its own smelter.^[4] In May 1898, the Quincy Mining Company started construction of the Quincy Smelter on the stamp sands of the old Pewabic mill;^[5] Quincy had acquired the Pewabic Mining Company in 1891.^[6] The shoreline was dredged and pilings were inserted for the loading dock. This was followed by laying foundations for the primary smelter buildings: the reverberatory furnace building and the cupola furnace building. By the end of 1898, over a dozen buildings had been built on the smelter site.^[4] The smelter began operation on December 1, 1898.^[5] The smelter was estimated to save the Quincy Mining Company approximately $100,000 per year.^[7]

Aside from processing copper from the Quincy Mine, the smelter also did business with the Franklin, Adventure, Allouez, and Centennial mines.^[8]

As a result of low copper prices and the onset of the Great Depression, the Quincy Mining Company ceased operations on September 22, 1931.^[9] The company boarded up facilities including the smelter.^[10] The mine itself remained closed from 1931 through 1936, until an increase in copper prices in 1937 prompted reopening the mine.^[11] Instead of reopening the Quincy Smelter, smelting was handled by Calumet and Hecla.^[12] Because prices remained elevated during World War II, in June 1942 Quincy built a reclamation plant on Torch Lake near its stamp mills to recover copper from the large volume of tailings in the lake.^[13] The reclamation plant began operating in November 1943,^[13] and made use of a floating dredge that vacuumed tailings from the lake.^[12] With the end of the war, copper prices again decreased and the mine ceased operations permanently on September 1, 1945.^[13] However, the reclamation project continued as it was very productive and less expensive than mining.^[12]^[13]

In June 1948, the Quincy Smelter reopened as Calumet and Hecla was no longer able to meet Quincy's needs.^[12] Around the same time, the Copper Range Company closed the Michigan Smelter and contracted its smelting needs with Quincy.^[14] Reclamation was interrupted twice: in January 1956 from the loss of one dredge in a storm, and for ten months in 1958.^[12] After the loss of the first dredge, Quincy Dredge Number Two operated until the stamp sands were exhausted in 1967.^[12]^[14] Also in 1967, the last Copper Range mine, the Champion Mine, closed.^[14] In 1968, natural gas burners were installed on the number 5 furnace for melting scrap copper until 1971.^[15] In 1971, because of new environmental regulations from the state of Michigan, Quincy abandoned the smelter and transferred ownership to the Quincy Development Corporation.^[16]

After closure

In 1986, the Environmental Protection Agency placed the Torch Lake Superfund site on the National Priorities List, with the Quincy Smelter included as an Area of Concern.^[17]

In 1999, Franklin Township acquired the smelter from the Quincy Development Corporation.^[18] QDC had planned to build condominiums on the site and the township built a water tank for the project. However, QDC pulled out, and the township was given the smelter in lieu of payment for the tank.^[19]

As early as 2010, the National Park Service had plans to possibly move the mainland headquarters of Isle Royale National Park to the smelter site.^[20]

In September 2010, a fire destroyed the carpentry shop and damaged a wood storage lean-to on the site.^[18]

The Quincy Smelter was removed from the list of Superfund sites in 2013.^[17]

In 2014, Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission purchased the smelter from Franklin Township.^[21]

In 2017, the National Park Service decided that it would not move the headquarters of Isle Royale National Park to the smelter site.^[22]

Heritage designations

The Quincy Smelter is the only remaining copper smelter in the United States from the early 20th century.^[23] It is described by the EPA as the "best preserved copper smelter" in the United States,^[24] and by the Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission as possibly the only remaining copper smelter in the world of its era.^[23]

On February 10, 1989, the Quincy Mining Company Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was named a National Historic Landmark District.^[25] At the time of nomination, there were 25 contributing buildings and 15 non-contributing buildings in the historic district at the smelter site.^[26] The smelter is also within the boundaries of the Keweenaw National Historical Park.^[27]

In 2016, ASM International designated the Quincy Smelter as an ASM Historical Landmark.^[28]

Facilities and layout

The Quincy Smelter site juts out from the shoreline of the Keweenaw Waterway, built on stamp sands from the former Pewabic mill.^[29]^[5] The smelter has two docks, a 350 feet (110 m) shipping wharf that used for copper and a 250 feet (76 m) wharf used for coal deliveries.^[8]

Most of the smelter buildings are built of Jacobsville Sandstone.^[29]

References

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
^ "Health Consultation: Former Quincy Smelter Site" (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Lankton, Larry D. (2010). Hollowed Ground: Copper Mining and Community Building on Lake Superior, 1840s-1990s. Wayne State University Press. p. 40. ISBN 0814334903.
^ ^a ^b NPS 2010, Ch. 2, p. 57.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cooper, James B. (April 1, 1901). "The Treatment of Lake Copper". The Michigan Miner. 3 (5): 17.
^ Butler, B.S. Professional Paper 144: The Copper Deposits of Michigan (PDF). United States Geological Survey. p. 94. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 25, 2017. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ The Copper Handbook (Volume 5 ed.). Horace J. Stevens. 1905. p. 678.
^ ^a ^b The Copper Handbook (Volume 7 ed.). Horace J. Stevens. 1907. p. 954.
^ NPS 2010, Ch. 2, pp. 79–80.
^ NPS 2010, Ch. 2, p. 80.
^ NPS 2010, Ch. 2, pp. 80–81.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f NPS 2010, Ch. 2, p. 85.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d NPS 2010, Ch. 2, p. 81.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morin 2013, p. 155.
^ Morin 2013, p. 34.
^ Morin 2013, pp. 155–156.
^ ^a ^b EPA 2017, p. 2.
^ ^a ^b Hauglie, Kurt (September 28, 2010). "Smelter suffers blow". The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Hauglie, Kurt (December 13, 2008). "Many involved in future of smelter". The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Hauglie, Kurt (March 18, 2010). "Hancock council supports NPS move to smelter site". The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
^ "Quincy Smelter ownership changes hands". ABC 10 News. September 3, 2014. Archived from the original on June 2, 2018. Retrieved June 2, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Hauglie, Kurt (May 10, 2017). "NPS won't move Isle Royale headquarters across lake". The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved June 2, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b EPA 2017, p. 4.
^ EPA 2017, p. 1.
^ "Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Kathleen Lidfors; Mary Jo Hrenchir; Laura Feller (February 10, 1989). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Quincy Mining Company Historic District" (pdf). National Park Service: 8. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help) and Accompanying 40 pages of photos, modern and historic (32 KB)
^ "Quincy Smelter". National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Hauglie, Kurt (May 20, 2017). "Quincy smelter dedicated as a historic landmark". Archived from the original on January 21, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b Keweenaw National Historical Park, Final General Management Plan & Environmental Impact Statement. National Park Service. 1998. p. 82.

Bibliography

"Quincy Smelter: From Stamp Sands to National Historic Park" (PDF). Environmental Protection Agency. June 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 1, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Quincy Mine Historic Landscape: Cultural Landscape Report and Environmental Assessment (PDF). National Park Service. May 2010.
Morin, Bode J. (2013). The Legacy of American Copper Smelting: Industrial Heritage versus Environmental Policy. University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 9781572339866. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

Historic American Engineering Record of Quincy Mining Company, including the smelter

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.

[2] "Health Consultation: Former Quincy Smelter Site" (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Hollowed-3] Lankton, Larry D. (2010). Hollowed Ground: Copper Mining and Community Building on Lake Superior, 1840s-1990s. Wayne State University Press. p. 40. ISBN 0814334903.

[FOOTNOTENPS2010Ch._2,_p._57-4] NPS 2010, Ch. 2, p. 57.

[LakeCopper-5] Cooper, James B. (April 1, 1901). "The Treatment of Lake Copper". The Michigan Miner. 3 (5): 17.

[6] Butler, B.S. Professional Paper 144: The Copper Deposits of Michigan (PDF). United States Geological Survey. p. 94. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 25, 2017. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[7] The Copper Handbook (Volume 5 ed.). Horace J. Stevens. 1905. p. 678.

[Handbook954-8] The Copper Handbook (Volume 7 ed.). Horace J. Stevens. 1907. p. 954.

[FOOTNOTENPS2010Ch._2,_pp._79–80-9] NPS 2010, Ch. 2, pp. 79–80.

[FOOTNOTENPS2010Ch._2,_p._80-10] NPS 2010, Ch. 2, p. 80.

[FOOTNOTENPS2010Ch._2,_pp._80–81-11] NPS 2010, Ch. 2, pp. 80–81.

[FOOTNOTENPS2010Ch._2,_p._85-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f NPS 2010, Ch. 2, p. 85.

[FOOTNOTENPS2010Ch._2,_p._81-13] NPS 2010, Ch. 2, p. 81.

[FOOTNOTEMorin2013155-14] Morin 2013, p. 155.

[FOOTNOTEMorin201334-15] Morin 2013, p. 34.

[FOOTNOTEMorin2013155–156-16] Morin 2013, pp. 155–156.

[FOOTNOTEEPA20172-17] EPA 2017, p. 2.

[DMG-2010-09-18] Hauglie, Kurt (September 28, 2010). "Smelter suffers blow". The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[DMG-2008-12-19] Hauglie, Kurt (December 13, 2008). "Many involved in future of smelter". The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[20] Hauglie, Kurt (March 18, 2010). "Hancock council supports NPS move to smelter site". The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2018.

[21] "Quincy Smelter ownership changes hands". ABC 10 News. September 3, 2014. Archived from the original on June 2, 2018. Retrieved June 2, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[22] Hauglie, Kurt (May 10, 2017). "NPS won't move Isle Royale headquarters across lake". The Daily Mining Gazette. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved June 2, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[FOOTNOTEEPA20174-23] EPA 2017, p. 4.

[FOOTNOTEEPA20171-24] EPA 2017, p. 1.

[25] "Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[26] Kathleen Lidfors; Mary Jo Hrenchir; Laura Feller (February 10, 1989). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Quincy Mining Company Historic District" (pdf). National Park Service: 8. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help) and Accompanying 40 pages of photos, modern and historic (32 KB)

[27] "Quincy Smelter". National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[28] Hauglie, Kurt (May 20, 2017). "Quincy smelter dedicated as a historic landmark". Archived from the original on January 21, 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[GMP82-29] Keweenaw National Historical Park, Final General Management Plan & Environmental Impact Statement. National Park Service. 1998. p. 82.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Infobox NRHP
-{{coord|47.12525|-88.5641|display=title}}
+  | name = Quincy Smelter
-[[File:Houghton Michigan UpperPeninsula.jpg|thumb|300px|Quincy Smelter site in July 2008]]
+  | nrhp_type = nhldcp
-The '''Quincy Smelter''' is the only remaining [[copper smelting|copper smelter]] in the [[Lake Superior]] region.  It is located east of the [[Portage Lake Lift Bridge]] in [[Ripley, Michigan]].  It was operated by the [[Quincy Mine]] until 1972 and processed ore from 13 local mines.<ref>Quincy Smelting Works Copper Country Explorer</ref>
+  | nocat = yes
+  | image = Houghton Michigan UpperPeninsula.jpg
+  | caption = Quincy Smelter site in July 2008
+  | location = [[Ripley, Michigan]]
+  | coordinates = {{coord|47.12525|-88.5641|region:US-MI_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
+  | locmapin = Michigan#USA
+  | area =
+  | architect=
+  | designated_nrhp_type =
+  | architecture =
+  | added = February 10, 1989
+  | governing_body =
+  | refnum = 89001095<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>
+}}
+The '''Quincy Smelter''', also known as the '''Quincy Smelting Works''', is a former [[copper smelting|copper smelter]] located on the north side of the [[Keweenaw Waterway]] in [[Ripley, Michigan]]. It is a contributing property of the [[Quincy Mining Company Historic District]], a [[National Historic Landmark District]]. The smelter was built in 1898 by the [[Quincy Mining Company]], operating from 1898 to 1931 and again from 1948 to 1971. The smelter was part of a [[Superfund]] site from 1986 to 2013.
+==History==
-There is currently controversy over what should be done with the land which is currently owned by Franklin Township.<ref>Hauglie, Kurt. "Many involved in future of smelter" ''The Daily Mining Gazette.'' December 13, 2008. http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/503001.html?nav=5006</ref> The EPA and National Park Service want to turn the site into a historical self-tour or fishing and picnicking area.   Other ideas include creating a restaurant, shops, or condos on the site <ref>The Daily Mining Gazette "Meeting Produces Smelter Resolution." Garrett Neese, May 31, 2007.</ref> and moving the Houghton headquarters for [[Isle Royale National Park]] to the site.<ref>Hauglie, Kurt. "Hancock council supports NPS move to smelter site" ''The Daily Mining Gazette.'' May 10, 2010. http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/509307.html?nav=5006 Retrieved: Feb 18 2011.</ref>
+===Operational years===
+[[File:Quincy smelting works 1898 1907 map.png|thumb|left|Side-by-side map of smelter site in 1898 and 1907; more than a dozen buildings were built the first year]]
+[[File:Quincy-smelter-c1906.jpg|thumb|left|The Quincy Smelter circa 1906]]
+The [[Quincy Mining Company]] incorporated in 1848.<ref>{{cite web |title=Health Consultation: Former Quincy Smelter Site |url=https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/pha/quincysmelter/quincysmelterhc112706.pdf |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |accessdate=June 3, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201025805/https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/pha/quincysmelter/quincysmelterhc112706.pdf |archivedate=February 1, 2017 |page=1 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Like other mines in the area, Quincy had its own [[stamp mill]]s, but did not produce enough copper to justify the investment of operating its own [[smelter]]. Before 1860, when the [[Detroit and Lake Superior Smelter|Lake Superior Smelter]] opened in [[Hancock, Michigan|Hancock]], copper was shipped out to be smelted in cities such as Boston or Detroit.<ref name=Hollowed>{{cite book |last1=Lankton |first1=Larry D. |title=Hollowed Ground: Copper Mining and Community Building on Lake Superior, 1840s-1990s |date=2010 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=0814334903 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1__Ih6nfdSkC&pg=PA40 |language=en}}</ref>
+By the late 1890s, the quantity of rock mined by Quincy justified the company building its own smelter.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 57}} In May 1898, the Quincy Mining Company started construction of the Quincy Smelter on the [[stamp sand]]s of the old Pewabic mill;<ref name=LakeCopper/> Quincy had acquired the Pewabic Mining Company in 1891.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Butler |first1=B.S. |title=Professional Paper 144: The Copper Deposits of Michigan |publisher=United States Geological Survey |page=94 |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0144/report.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125133945/https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0144/report.pdf |archivedate=January 25, 2017 |deadurl=no}}</ref> The shoreline was dredged and pilings were inserted for the loading dock. This was followed by laying foundations for the primary smelter buildings: the [[reverberatory furnace]] building and the [[cupola furnace]] building. By the end of 1898, over a dozen buildings had been built on the smelter site.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 57}} The smelter began operation on December 1, 1898.<ref name=LakeCopper>{{cite journal |last1=Cooper |first1=James B. |title=The Treatment of Lake Copper |journal=The Michigan Miner |date=April 1, 1901 |volume=3 |issue=5 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tpXmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP99 |language=en}}</ref> The smelter was estimated to save the Quincy Mining Company approximately $100,000 per year.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Copper Handbook |date=1905 |publisher=Horace J. Stevens |page=678 |edition=Volume 5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9owAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA678}}</ref>
-A fire destroyed the carpentry shop and damaged a wood storage lean-to on the site in September 2010.<ref>Hauglie, Kurt.  "Smelter suffers blow." ''The Daily Mining Gazette.'' Sep 28, 2010.  http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/511880/Smelter-suffers-blow.html Retrieved: Feb 18, 2011.</ref>  In early 2011, parts of the site were inventoried and made more secure.  In the summer of 2011, $1 million in federal Interior Department funding will allow additional site to be inventoried, stabilized, and secured.<ref>Hauglie, Kurt.  "Stabilization being completed at smelter." ''The Daily Mining Gazette.'' Jan 31 2011. http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/518787/Stabilization-being-completed-at-smelter.html Retrieved: Feb 18, 2011.</ref>
+Aside from processing copper from the Quincy Mine, the smelter also did business with the Franklin, [[Adventure mine|Adventure]], Allouez, and Centennial mines.<ref name=Handbook954>{{cite book |title=The Copper Handbook |date=1907 |publisher=Horace J. Stevens |edition=Volume 7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozMIAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA954 |language=en |page=954}}</ref>
-Some of the historic buildings at the Quincy Smelter appear in the racing games [[Dirt 3]] and [[Dirt: Showdown]].
+As a result of low copper prices and the onset of the [[Great Depression]], the Quincy Mining Company ceased operations on September 22, 1931.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, pp. 79–80}} The company boarded up facilities including the smelter.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 80}} The mine itself remained closed from 1931 through 1936, until an increase in copper prices in 1937 prompted reopening the mine.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, pp. 80–81}} Instead of reopening the Quincy Smelter, smelting was handled by [[Calumet and Hecla]].{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 85}} Because prices remained elevated during [[World War II]], in June 1942 Quincy built a reclamation plant on [[Torch Lake (Houghton County, Michigan)|Torch Lake]] near its [[Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District|stamp mills]] to recover copper from the large volume of [[tailings]] in the lake.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 81}} The reclamation plant began operating in November 1943,{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 81}} and made use of a floating dredge that vacuumed tailings from the lake.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 85}} With the end of the war, copper prices again decreased and the mine ceased operations permanently on September 1, 1945.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 81}} However, the reclamation project continued as it was very productive and less expensive than mining.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 85}}{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 81}}
-<gallery>
-File:Quincy-smelter-c1906.jpg|Quincy Smelter around 1906
+In June 1948, the Quincy Smelter reopened as Calumet and Hecla was no longer able to meet Quincy's needs.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 85}} Around the same time, the [[Copper Range Company]] closed the [[Michigan Smelter]] and contracted its smelting needs with Quincy.{{sfn|Morin|2013|p=155}} Reclamation was interrupted twice: in January 1956 from the loss of one dredge in a storm, and for ten months in 1958.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 85}} After the loss of the first dredge, [[Quincy Dredge Number Two]] operated until the stamp sands were exhausted in 1967.{{sfn|NPS|2010|loc=Ch. 2, p. 85}}{{sfn|Morin|2013|p=155}} Also in 1967, the last Copper Range mine, the [[Champion Mining Company|Champion Mine]], closed.{{sfn|Morin|2013|p=155}} In 1968, natural gas burners were installed on the number 5 furnace for melting scrap copper until 1971.{{sfn|Morin|2013|p=34}} In 1971, because of new environmental regulations from the state of Michigan, Quincy abandoned the smelter and transferred ownership to the Quincy Development Corporation.{{sfn|Morin|2013|pp=155–156}}
-File:Quincy Smelting Works 1920 (HAER).jpg|Quincy Smelting Works plan created by the HAER, National Park Service, Department of the Interior.
-File:Quincy smelting works 1898 1907 map.png|Map of site in 1898 and 1907
+===After closure===
-</gallery>
+In 1986, the [[Environmental Protection Agency]] placed the [[Torch Lake (Houghton County, Michigan)|Torch Lake]] [[Superfund]] site on the [[National Priorities List]], with the Quincy Smelter included as an Area of Concern.{{sfn|EPA|2017|p=2}}
+In 1999, [[Franklin Township, Houghton County, Michigan|Franklin Township]] acquired the smelter from the Quincy Development Corporation.<ref name=DMG-2010-09>{{cite news |last1=Hauglie |first1=Kurt |title=Smelter suffers blow |url=http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/511880/Smelter-suffers-blow.html |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |work=The Daily Mining Gazette |date=September 28, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806070706/http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/511880/Smelter-suffers-blow.html |archivedate=August 6, 2011 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> QDC had planned to build condominiums on the site and the township built a water tank for the project. However, QDC pulled out, and the township was given the smelter in lieu of payment for the tank.<ref name=DMG-2008-12>{{cite news |last1=Hauglie |first1=Kurt |title=Many involved in future of smelter |url=http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/503001.html?nav=5006 |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |work=The Daily Mining Gazette |date=December 13, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806072758/http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/503001.html?nav=5006 |archivedate=August 6, 2011 |deadurl=yes}}</ref>
+As early as 2010, the [[National Park Service]] had plans to possibly move the mainland headquarters of [[Isle Royale National Park]] to the smelter site.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hauglie |first1=Kurt |title=Hancock council supports NPS move to smelter site |url=http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/509307.html?nav=5006 |accessdate=June 5, 2018 |work=The Daily Mining Gazette |date=March 18, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714100528/http://www.mininggazette.com/page/content.detail/id/509307.html?nav=5006 |archivedate=July 14, 2011}}</ref>
+In September 2010, a fire destroyed the carpentry shop and damaged a wood storage lean-to on the site.<ref name=DMG-2010-09/>
+The Quincy Smelter was removed from the list of Superfund sites in 2013.{{sfn|EPA|2017|p=2}}
+In 2014, Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission purchased the smelter from Franklin Township.<ref>{{cite news |title=Quincy Smelter ownership changes hands |url=https://abc10up.com/2014/09/03/quincy-smelter-ownership-changes-hands/ |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |work=ABC 10 News |date=September 3, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602023906/https://abc10up.com/2014/09/03/quincy-smelter-ownership-changes-hands/ |archivedate=June 2, 2018 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
+In 2017, the National Park Service decided that it would not move the headquarters of Isle Royale National Park to the smelter site.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hauglie |first1=Kurt |title=NPS won’t move Isle Royale headquarters across lake |url=http://www.mininggazette.com/news/2017/05/nps-wont-move-isle-royale-headquarters-across-lake/ |accessdate=June 2, 2018 |work=The Daily Mining Gazette |date=May 10, 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510190557/http://www.mininggazette.com/news/2017/05/nps-wont-move-isle-royale-headquarters-across-lake/ |archivedate=May 10, 2017 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
+===Heritage designations===
+The Quincy Smelter is the only remaining copper smelter in the United States from the early 20th century.{{sfn|EPA|2017|p=4}} It is described by the EPA as the "best preserved copper smelter" in the United States,{{sfn|EPA|2017|p=1}} and by the [[Keweenaw National Historical Park]] Advisory Commission as possibly the only remaining copper smelter in the world of its era.{{sfn|EPA|2017|p=4}}
+On February 10, 1989, the [[Quincy Mining Company Historic District]] was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] and was named a [[National Historic Landmark District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State |url=https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/mi/MI.pdf |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=June 5, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419012713/https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/mi/MI.pdf |archivedate=April 19, 2018 |deadurl=no}}</ref> At the time of nomination, there were 25 [[contributing building]]s and 15 non-contributing buildings in the historic district at the smelter site.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Quincy Mining Company Historic District|url={{NHLS url|id=89001095}} |format=pdf|date=February 10, 1989 |author1=Kathleen Lidfors |author2=Mary Jo Hrenchir |author3=Laura Feller  |last-author-amp=yes |publisher=National Park Service |page=8}} and {{NHLS url|id=89001095|title=''Accompanying 40 pages of photos, modern and historic''|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(32&nbsp;KB)}}</ref> The smelter is also within the boundaries of the Keweenaw National Historical Park.<ref>{{cite web |title=Quincy Smelter |url=https://www.nps.gov/kewe/learn/historyculture/quincy-smelter.htm |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=June 5, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714211146/https://www.nps.gov/kewe/learn/historyculture/quincy-smelter.htm |archivedate=July 14, 2017 |language=en |deadurl=no}}</ref>
+In 2016, [[ASM International]] designated the Quincy Smelter as an ASM Historical Landmark.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hauglie |first=Kurt |url=http://www.mininggazette.com/news/2017/05/quincy-smelter-dedicated-as-a-historic-landmark/ |title=Quincy smelter dedicated as a historic landmark |date=May 20, 2017 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20180121110849/http://www.mininggazette.com/news/2017/05/quincy-smelter-dedicated-as-a-historic-landmark/ |archivedate=January 21, 2018 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
+==Facilities and layout==
+[[File:Quincy Smelting Works 1920 (HAER).jpg|thumb|Smelter layout in 1920]]
+The Quincy Smelter site juts out from the shoreline of the [[Keweenaw Waterway]], built on stamp sands from the former Pewabic mill.<ref name=GMP82/><ref name=LakeCopper/> The smelter has two docks, a {{convert|350|ft|m}} shipping wharf that used for copper and a {{convert|250|ft|m}} wharf used for coal deliveries.<ref name=Handbook954/>
+Most of the smelter buildings are built of [[Jacobsville Sandstone]].<ref name=GMP82>{{cite book |title=Keweenaw National Historical Park, Final General Management Plan & Environmental Impact Statement |date=1998 |publisher=National Park Service |page=82 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TM3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA82 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==See also==
 *[[List of Copper Country smelters]]
+*[[List of Superfund sites in Michigan]]
-==Notes==
+==References==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{Reflist|30em}}
+===Bibliography===
+*{{cite web |ref={{harvid|EPA|2017}} |title=Quincy Smelter: From Stamp Sands to National Historic Park |url=https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/196768.pdf |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency |accessdate=June 1, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601035623/https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/196768.pdf |archivedate=June 1, 2018 |date=June 2017 |deadurl=no}}
+*{{cite book |ref={{harvid|NPS|2010}} |title=Quincy Mine Historic Landscape: Cultural Landscape Report and Environmental Assessment |date=May 2010 |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://npshistory.com/publications/kewe/clr-quincy-mine.pdf}}
+*{{cite book |ref=harv |last1=Morin |first1=Bode J. |title=The Legacy of American Copper Smelting: Industrial Heritage versus Environmental Policy |date=2013 |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=9781572339866 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGHxcDUyDmMC&pg=PA155 |language=en}}
+===Further reading===
+*{{Cite journal|title=Michigan NHL Quincy Mining Company Historic District |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/25338748 |format=pdf |date=February 10, 1989 |author1=Kathleen Lidfors |author2=Mary Jo Hrenchir |author3=Laura Feller |last-author-amp=yes |publisher=National Park Service}}&nbsp;{{small|(1&nbsp;GB)}}
 ==External links==
+*[http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/mi0086/ Historic American Engineering Record of Quincy Mining Company], including the smelter
-*[http://www.nps.gov/kewe/historyculture/quincy-smelter.htm Keweenaw National Historic Park]
-*[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/det1994007114/PP/ 1906 picture of the smelter from the Library of Congress]
-*[http://savequincysmelter.org/ Quincy Smelter Association]
-*[http://keweenawfreeguide.com/quincy-smelter/ Keweenaw Free Guide]
 [[Category:Buildings and structures in Houghton County, Michigan]]
 [[Category:Metallurgical facilities in Michigan]]
+[[Category:Superfund sites in Michigan]]
-{{Michigan-struct-stub}}