Romani people in Brazil: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 20:17, 9 June 2018
The Romani people in Brazil are known by non-Romani ethnic Brazilians as ciganos (Template:IPA-pt), or alternatively by terms such as calés, calós, calons, boêmios, judeus (in Minas Gerais) and quicos (in Minas Gerais and São Paulo), in various degrees of accuracy of use and etymology as well as linguistic prestige.
As implied by some of their most common local names, most Brazilian Romani belong to the Iberian Kale (Kalos) group, like the fellow Lusophone Portuguese ciganos, and the Spanish Romani people, known as gitanos. A 2012 government report indicates that they arrived in Brazil in the second half of the sixteenth century, after being expelled from Portugal. There are records of Gypsies accused and sentenced to serve time in the Kingdom that, for personal reasons, requested commutation of the sentence to exile, and then were sent to the Colony.The report also indicates that most of the men "live from trade and the women engage in palm reading".[1] At one time, they traded horses but now, deal in used cars and other goods.[2]
The 2011 estimate for Brazilian ciganos is about 800,000,[3] or 0.41% of the country's population; there are concerns in Brazil about lack of public policy directed at this segment of the population. The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of "ciganos" (gypsies) in Brazil at 800,000 (2011). Many still speak the Romani language.[4] A 2015 report by the United Nations stated that the Roma (Cigano) community who seemed to be "highly invisible" in Brazil. "They are still largely stereotyped […] as thieves, beggars or fortune tellers."[5]
The 2010 IBGE Brazilian National Census encountered gypsy camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities.[6] It is the second largest Romani population in the world, after the United States. The first Brazilian president (1956 – 1961) of direct non-Portuguese Romani origin was Juscelino Kubitschek, 50% Czech Romani by his mother's bloodline. His term was marked by economic prosperity and political stability,[7] being most known by the construction of Brazil's new capital, Brasília. Nevertheless, Brazil already had a president of Portuguese Kale ancestry before Juscelino's term, Washington Luís.
References
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- ^ http://basilio.fundaj.gov.br/pesquisaescolar_en/index.php?option=com_content&id=1263:gypsies-in-brazil-ciganos-no-brasil
- ^ https://womennewsnetwork.net/2011/04/04/we-exist-roma-women-brazil/
- ^ http://basilio.fundaj.gov.br/pesquisaescolar_en/index.php?option=com_content&id=1263:gypsies-in-brazil-ciganos-no-brasil
- ^ https://womennewsnetwork.net/2011/04/04/we-exist-roma-women-brazil/
- ^ https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/09/509702-un-rights-expert-urges-brazil-introduce-measures-fulfill-promises-equality
- ^ "Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo". R7. 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ "HOMENAGEADOS › JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK". Centro Cultural Oscar Niemeyer (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2015.
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