Nephrozoa: Difference between revisions
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**** [[Cycliophora]] |
**** [[Cycliophora]] |
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*** '''Superphylum [[Lophotrochozoa]]''' |
*** '''Superphylum [[Lophotrochozoa]]''' |
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**** [[Sipuncula]] |
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**** [[Hyolitha]] [[extinction|†]] |
**** [[Hyolitha]] [[extinction|†]] |
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**** [[Nemertea]] |
**** [[Nemertea]] |
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Revision as of 15:14, 2 July 2018
| Nephrozoa | |
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| Diversity of nephrozoans | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Clade: | Bilateria |
| Clade: | Nephrozoa Jondelius et al. , 2002 |
| Phyla | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Eubilateria Peter Ax, 1987 | |
Nephrozoa is a major clade of bilaterians, divided into the protostomes and the deuterostomes, containing almost all animal phyla and over a million extant species. Its sister clade is the Xenacoelomorpha. The coelom, the excretory organs, and nerve cords developed in the Nephrozoa.[1]
Chordates (which include all the vertebrates) are deuterostomes.[2] It seems very likely that the 555 million year old Kimberella was a member of the protostomes.[3][4] If so, this means that the protostome and deuterostome lineages must have split some time before Kimberella appeared — at least 558 million years ago, and hence well before the start of the Cambrian 538.8 million years ago.[2]
Notes
- ^ Cannon, Johanna Taylor; Vellutini, Bruno Cossermelli; Smith, Julian; Ronquist, Fredrik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (2016). "Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa". Nature. 530 (7588): 89–93. doi:10.1038/nature16520.
- ^ a b Erwin, Douglas H.; Eric H. Davidson (1 July 2002). "The last common bilaterian ancestor". Development. 129 (13): 3021–3032. PMID 12070079.
- ^ Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Komarower, Patricia, eds. (2007), The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota, Special publications, vol. 286, London: Geological Society, ISBN 978-1-86239-233-5, OCLC 156823511
- ^ Butterfield, N.J. (December 2006). "Hooking some stem-group "worms": fossil lophotrochozoans in the Burgess Shale". BioEssays. 28 (12): 1161–6. doi:10.1002/bies.20507. PMID 17120226.
References
Data related to Nephrozoa at Wikispecies
- Balavoine, G. (17 April 1998). "EVOLUTION: One or Three Cambrian Radiations?" (PDF). Science. 280 (5362): 397–398. doi:10.1126/science.280.5362.397. ISSN 0036-8075.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lay-url=ignored (help) - Bourlat, S; Nielsen, C; Economou, A; Telford, M (October 2008). "Testing the new animal phylogeny: A phylum level molecular analysis of the animal kingdom". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.008. ISSN 1055-7903.
- Jondelius, Ulf; Ruiz-Trillo, Inaki; Baguna, Jaume; Riutort, Marta (April 2002). "The Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians and not members of the Platyhelminthes". Zoologica Scripta. 31 (2): 201–215. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00090.x. ISSN 0300-3256.
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