Talk:Childhood obesity

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Epidemiology

Although the rate of obesity among children increases dramatically in recent year, the epidemiology varies according to socioeconomic and cultural conditions. In poor countries, obesity is a feature for the rich. Oppositely, it is a feature for the poor in rich countries. And in many middle-ranking economies, the amount of people who are obese or thin is almost equal. ZPMengdi (talk) 00:10, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

Furthermore, childhood obesity could be caused by the absence of breakfast in the morning. Once someone misses breakfast, they tend to "over eat" by the next time they have a meal, causing them to gain too much weight.

Defining Childhood Obesity According to both the WHO and CDC, BMI growth charts for children and teens are sensitive to both age-and sex-specific groups, justified by the differences in body fat between sexes and among different age groups. The CDC BMI-for-age growth charts use age-and-gender specific percentiles to define where the child or teenagers stands as compared to the population standard to define overweight and obese categories. For the CDC, a BMI greater than the 85th percentile but less than the 95th percentile is considered overweight, and a BMI of greater than or equal to the 95th percentile is considered obese. WHO parameters for BMI-for-age parameters are defined by standard deviations and describe overweight to be greater than +1standard deviation from the mean (equivalent to BMI=25kg/m2 at 19 years) and obese as +2 standard deviations from the mean for 5-19 year olds (equivalent to BMI=30kg/m2 at 19 years).

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) has facilitated estimation of childhood obesity rates at state levels and comparison of geographic differences in social and behavioral factors. In the United States, 17% of children and teenagers in the United States are considered obese (BMI ≥95th percentile of the sex specific 2000 CDC growth charts). Prevalence has remained high over the past three decades across most age, sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups, and represents a three-fold increase from one generation ago and is expected to continue rising. Prevalence of pediatric obesity also varies with state. The highest rates of childhood obesity are found in the southeastern states of which Mississippi was found to have the highest rate of overweight/obese children, 44.5%/21.9% respectively. The western states were found to have the lowest prevalence, such as Utah (23.1%) and Oregon(9.6%). From 2003-2007, there was a two fold increase in states reporting prevalence of pediatric obesity greater than or equal to 18%.7 Oregon was the only state showing decline from 2003 to 2007 (decline by 32%), and using children in Oregon as a reference group, obesity in children in Illinois, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Georgia, and Kansas has doubled. The likelihood of obesity in children was found to increase significantly with decreasing levels of household income, lower neighborhood access to parks or sidewalks, increased television viewing time, and increased recreational computer time. Black and Hispanic children are more likely to be obese compared to white (Blacks OR=1.71 and Hispanics=1.76). A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity. The prevalence of obesity among boys from households with an income at or above 350% the poverty level was found to be 11.9%, while boys with a household income level at or above 130% of the poverty level was 21.1%. A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity. The same trend followed in girls. Girls with a household income at or above 350% of the poverty level has an obesity prevalence of 12.0%, while girls with a household income 130% below the poverty level had a 19.3% prevalence. A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity. These trends were not consistent when stratified according to race. “The relationship between income and obesity prevalence is significant among non-Hispanic white boys; 10.2% of those living in households with income at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese compared with 20.7% of those in households below 130% of the poverty level.” A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity. The same trend follows in non-Hispanic white girls (10.6% of those living at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese, and 18.3% of those living below 130% of the poverty level are obese) A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.. There is no significant trend in prevalence by income level for either boys or girls among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American children and adolescents. A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity. “In fact, the relationship does not appear to be consistent; among Mexican-American girls, although the difference is not significant, 21.0% of those living at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese compared with 16.2% of those living below 130% of the poverty level.” A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity. Additional findings also include that the majority of children and adolescents are not low income children. A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity. The majority of non-Hispanic white children and adolescents also live in households with income levels at or above 130% of the poverty level.</ref> A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity. Approximately 7.5 million children live in households with income levels above 130% of the poverty level compared to 4.5 million children in households with income at or above 130% of the poverty level.

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the World Prevalence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically worldwide. A Lancet article published in 2010 that the prevalence of childhood obesity during the past two to three decades, much like the United States, has increased in most other industrialized nations, excluding Russia and Poland. Between the early 1970s and late 1990s, prevalence of childhood obesity doubled or tripled in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, the UK, and the USA. A 2010 article from the American Journal of Clinical nutrition analyzed global prevalence from 144 countries in preschool children (less than 5 years old). Cross-sectional surveys from 144 countries were used and overweight and obesity were defined as preschool children with values >3SDs from the mean. They found an estimated 42 million obese children under the age of five in the world of which close to 35 million lived in developing countries.11 Additional findings included worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increasing from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010 and expecting to rise to 9.1% (95% CI: 7.3%, 10.9%), an estimated 60 million overweight and obese children in 2020.

Anc sierra (talk) 16:43, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

The text suggested is not currently formatted properly. Many of the refs are not suitable per WP:MEDRS. Thus would need improvements first. Thanks Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 21:43, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

Not done: please be more specific about what needs to be changed. - You didn't even say what you wanted to be changed. Orashmatash (talk) 13:33, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

Orashmatash: I think you misunderstood Anc sierra's request. For clarity, I have created the boxes above and moved your comment here. Gabbe (talk) 09:24, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

There are a few more issues with the suggested text

1)the content is not formatted correctly and there are no Wiki links (not that important but still)

2) the text is too technical for example take this sentence "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." We do not need the CIs. And this " Cross-sectional surveys from 144 countries were used and overweight and obesity were defined as preschool children with values >3SDs from the mean." greater than three standard deviations from the mean. Come on this is a general encyclopedia.

3) third issues and the most significant one this line "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." is exactly the same as this line "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." which is found in this paper http://www.ajcn.org/content/92/5/1257.full There is much that is too closely paraphased / copy and pasted.

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 00:07, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

References

Socioeconomic status of the family of overweight children

I would like to add this topic, there are several studies avaiable. The two that have been research are Delva, O"Malley, and Johnston (2006) and Kitsantas, and Talleyrand (2010). Both go into great detail on how the SES (socioeconomic status) affects overweight and obese children. Here are the citations:

• Delva, Ph.D., Jorge, Patrick M. O'Malley, Ph.D., and Lloyd D. Johnston Ph.D. "Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Overweight and Health-Related Behaviors among American Students: National Trends 1986-2003." Journal of Adolescent Health 39 (2006): 536-45. Web. 25 Sept. 2013.
• Kitsantas, Anastasia, and Regine Talleyrand. "Acculturation and Self-regulation as Determinants of Childhood Obesity." Counseling and Human Development Feb. 2010. 1+. Academic OneFile. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. --Tugboat in MI (talk) 01:23, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

Hi Tugboat in MI! If you write a few sentences that can be added to this article, including your sources, and you drop me a note, I can paste them into the article for you. (Or you make five more edits, at which point you get autoconfirmed, and you can edit this article.) I had already written these lines when I saw the next two edit requests and the good answers that Celestra gave you. Lova Falk talk 07:51, 31 October 2013 (UTC)

thank you for your help if we can add below that would be great. In a study Delva, Johnson, and O’Malley (2006) showed that. the prevalence .is considerably greater of being overweight and engaging in less healthy behaviors and sedentary activities, like playing video games and computer games, considerably greater among youth from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds and of lower socioeconomic status. Another factor is that the lack of appropriate nutrition and physical activity, and the familial and various other environmental factors that contribute to youths’ nutritional and physical activity choices.

References

Prevention

I would like add the following: Health advocates have been pushing school to provide health snack alternative in school vending machines. But a study in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine released in Feb 2012 shows that the efforts to provide healthier snacks remain unchanged. The main reason was that less nutritious offerings were being offered with healthier snacks.

I would like to add the following: There are many contributing factors that can lead to childhood obesity ranging from the most basic lack of physical activity to more complicated reasons, such as a medical problem that lowers metabolism. Two large factors in childhood obesity are lack of physical activity and diet. Children who indulge in junk food and fast food, which has become cheap and easily accessible, have an increased chance of becoming obese. In an effort to deter today’s youth from purchasing these bad habits, we must impose a tax increasing the overall cost of junk food and fast food. This could possibly deter both adults and children from junk food, as its popularity is derived from its low price.

 Not doneThank you for your request. The first three sentences are already covered in the article. Regarding "we must we must impose a tax increasing the overall cost of junk food and fast food", Wikipedia is edited from neutral point of view and does not advocate for such political or legislative positions. Sundayclose (talk) 20:52, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

References

There should be a clarification of the last sentence under the sub-heading "dietary". Among obesity-predisposed children, drinking milk actually does reduce childhood obesity. Zheng, M., Rangan, A., Allman-Farinelli, M., Rohde, J. F., Olsen, N. J., & Heitmann, B. L. (2015). Replacing sugary drinks with milk is inversely associated with weight gain among young obesity-predisposed children. The British Journal of Nutrition, 114(9), 1448. doi:10.1017/S0007114515002974 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aegis8 (talk • contribs) 19:27, 8 November 2015 (UTC)

Medications

There are few long-term treatment options that are safe and effective. However, there are several medications under investigation and are currently under review by the FDA. These treatments have completed phase III trials.Mommabear1 (talk) 01:14, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

≈≈≈≈I am planing to add my thinking to this page≈≈≈≈ User:thatgirl2018/obesity — Preceding undated comment added 21:46, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

References

Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is a constant issue worldwide. The number of children who are obese has doubled, and the number of adolescents has quadrupled in the last 30 years. Statistics show that in 2012, over one third of children were obese, and the number just keeps increasing. Although there are children that are overweight and others that are obese, there are two different definitions.  The definition of overweight is, “having excess body weight for a particular height from fat, muscle, bone, water, or a combination of these factors.” The definition of obese is, “having excess body fat.” Both consist of a caloric imbalance, few calories burned for the amount consumed. (Childhood Obesity Facts)

"Childhood Obesity Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 Dec. 2014. Web. 06 July 2015. — Preceding unsigned comment added by EGAZAWAY (talk • contribs) 21:12, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is a constant issue worldwide. The number of children who are obese has doubled, and the number of adolescents has quadrupled in the last 30 years. Statistics show that in 2012, over one third of children were obese, and the number just keeps increasing. Although there are children that are overweight and others that are obese, there are two different definitions.  The definition of overweight is, “having excess body weight for a particular height from fat, muscle, bone, water, or a combination of these factors.” The definition of obese is, “having excess body fat.” Both consist of a caloric imbalance, few calories burned for the amount consumed. (Childhood Obesity Facts)

"Childhood Obesity Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 Dec. 2014. Web. 06 July 2015.

EGAZAWAY (talk) 21:14, 6 July 2015 (UTC) Emily

What I would like to contribute

Childhood obesity affects children all over the world.  The obesity epidemic threatens the future for generations to come. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Childhood obesity in the United States has almost quadrupled in the past 30 years. The widespread threat of childhood obesity in the United States negatively affects children’s physical, emotional and social health, and though steps have been taken to combat obesity, more solutions need to be actively pursued. Children who are obese can suffer from physical ailments such as, asthma, hypertension and diabetes. These are only a few of the many health complications obesity causes. A child who is obese can have a lower quality of life not only because of health related ailments but also emotional stress. Studies show that children who are obese can struggle with depression and have low self-esteem. Directly related to low self-esteem and depression is the psychosocial effects obesity has on young children. Children who are obese tend to be more withdrawn and struggle relationally. It is important that continued awareness and education related to the health and well-being of America’s youth sheds light on childhood obesity. If nothing is done, future generations will face the cost of this epidemic.

Hesolomon75 (talk) 16:15, 13 October 2015 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Obesity in Adolescence

overlaps with Obesity and Childhood obesity Ita140188 (talk) 11:32, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

• Support Most of the content of Obesity in Adolescence is generic and does not support a stand alone article. Jbh^Talk 14:55, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

SupportAgree with Jbhunley on this proposed merge.Charlotte135 (talk) 09:20, 1 May 2016 (UTC)

Wikipedia Evaluation (Childhood Obesity: Dietary)

There are several of studies that demonstrate the relationship between childhood obesity and dietary consumption. The writer of this Wikipedia article indicates that childhood obesity is a result of high-sugared flavored drink and high-calorie fast food restaurant meals. In addition, the author makes significant facts suggesting why children become overweight by providing reliable journal citations (at least three) in each paragraph. One aspect of the article that distracted me the most was that, the writer suggested (at first) that food intake was not a significant factor to childhood obesity. Meaning that if a child ate more a less (based on a study), the individual would remain the same or gain weight. Towards the end of the writers paragraph, he/she suggested that the intake of fast food would increase a child’s weight, therefore making the authors argument weak. I believe the author is trying to sound neutral as possible, but with the given information he/she has, the authors point of view leads them to indicate that childhood obesity is a result of a high intake of sugared drinks and unhealthy meals. Although the writer did input citations on his/her article, one of the links does not work such as link number 40. The author provides good information that is up to date, although he/she should probably fix citation number 40, so their article could look solid. (Freddylazaro (talk) 18:35, 8 November 2015 (UTC))

Proposed addition to management section

It may be beneficial to add a section family behavioral treatment, as this is one of the most effective treatment programs for child obesity. Family Behavioral Therapy involves engaging both parents and children in dietary education, physical activity, stimulus control, and reinforcement of positive behaviors. Meta-analyses have consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of these programs, and as there is little information currently in the management section, this may be a helpful addition. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hesolomon75 (talk • contribs) 19:55, 4 December 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 March 2016

I would like to request to add a study to the research section, in the paragraph about childhood obesity continuing to adulthood. "A British longitudinal study has found that obesity restricted to childhood has minimal influence on adult outcomes at age 30. The study also found that, while obesity that continues into adulthood has little influence on men's outcomes, it makes women less likely to have ever been employed or to currently have a romantic partner.<ref>Viner, RM; Cole, TJ (11 June 2005). "Adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity: a national birth cohort study". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 330 (7504): 1354. PMID 15901644.</ref>" Mjnations (talk) 23:29, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

Done  ^B E _C K ^Y _S A ^{Y L} E _S  06:11, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 April 2016

In the subtitle "long-term effects," please change life span to lifespan because "life span" is not a word but "lifespan" is a word 38.127.177.74 (talk) 19:07, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

Done Pretty sure both are acceptable, see Life span, but lifespan has 28 million hits on google, life span has 17, so will change it. Cannolis (talk) 06:08, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 22 January 2018

To prevent obesity do these:

1) Do not eat fufu. 2) Always be nice to people. 3) Endeavor to be happy always. 4) Do some exercise.

       If you do these things here above, you will lose fatness[obesity] within a month.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.218.212.87 (talk) 14:00, 22 January 2018 (UTC) 

Semi-protected grammar edit request

Under "Family Practices" the following sentence is found, "As family sizes decrease, the children's pester power, their ability to force adults to do what the want, increases."

This sentence should read "As family sizes decrease, the children's pester power, their ability to force adults to do what they want, increases."