SMS Vulcano: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 09:17, 12 July 2018
 SMS Vulcano
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Austria-Hungary | |
| Name | Vulcano (renamed Vulkan / Vulcan) |
| Builder | Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino |
| Launched | 1843[1] |
| Fate | In service until 1872, stricken in 1884 to become a coal hulk[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 483 metric tons (475 long tons; 532 short tons)[2] |
| Installed power | 120 ihp (89 kW)[3] |
| Armament |
|
SMS Vulcano (subsequently renamed to German Vulkan, also Vulcan) was a paddle steamer[1] built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in Venice and launched in 1843.[2] Subsequently given the German name Vulkan,[5] or Vulcan.[1] Remained in service until 1872, and finally stricken in 1884 to become a coal hulk.[1]
Blockade of Venice
In 1848 Venice rebelled, declaring independence from the Austrian Empire. Vulcano and other Austrian vessels in the port managed to escape, however most of their men deserted to the Venetian side, in many cases since non-Italian officers promised immediate discharges to their Italian sailors.[6] Vulcano evacuated the personnel of the Austrian embassy, but the crew mutinied mid-route to the Adriatic, however the ambassador Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg managed to restore order.[7]
Vulcano was part of squadron commanded by Captain Ludwig Kudriaffsky that blockaded Venice in April 1848.[6] On 26 April 1848 the Vulcano (armed with two 48-pounders and four 12-pounders) intercepted a Greek brig attempting to break the blockade, but was engaged in a gun battle with the Venetian Pio Nono (armed with an 80-pounder Paixhan and a 24-pounder) who hit the Vulcano twice forcing her to withdraw.[3]
Balloon bombardment
In 1849 Vulcano took part in the first aggressive use of balloons in warfare,[8][9] serving as a balloon carrier (the precursor to the aircraft carrier)[10] in the first offensive use of air power from the sea (naval aviation).[4] Austrian forces besieging Venice attempted to float some 200 paper hot air balloons each carrying at 24-30 pound bomb that was to be dropped from the balloon with a time fuse over the besieged city. The balloons were launched mainly from land, however some were also launched from Vulcano. The Austrians used smaller pilot balloons to determine the correct fuse settings. At least one bomb fell in the city, however due to the wind changing after launch, most of the balloons missed their target and some drifted back over Austrian lines and the launching ship Vulcano.[11][12][13]
Subsequent Service
On 17 November 1869, was one of seventy ships, all of which drew less than 13 feet of water, that sailed through the Suez Canal in a procession marking the opening of the canal.[14]
Remained in service until 1872, and finally stricken in 1884 to become a coal hulk.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f The Influence of Air Power Upon History, Walter J. Boyne, page 409
- ^ a b To Ascend from a Floating Base: Shipboard Aeronautics and Aviation, 1783-1914, R. D. Layman, page 34
- ^ a b c d VENICE THE CITY OF THE SEA, Edmund Flagg, pages 242-243, 254, 451
- ^ a b Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age, from Antiquity through the First World War, Richard P. Hallion, page 66
- ^ In the Service of the Emperor: Italians in the Austrian Armed Forces, 1814-1918, Lawrence Sondhaus, page 87
- ^ a b Naval Warfare, 1815-1914, Lawrence Sondhaus, page 46
- ^ In the Service of the Emperor: Italians in the Austrian Armed Forces, 1814-1918, Lawrence Sondhaus, page 85
- ^ Air Power in the Age of Total War, John Buckley
- ^ The Future of Drone Use: Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives, Asser Press - Springer, chapter by Alan McKenna, page 355
- ^ Naval Aviation in the Second World War, Philip Kaplan
- ^ Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918: An Illustrated History of Their Impact, Justin D. Murphy, page 9-10
- ^ Military Ballooning During the Early Civil War, The John Hopkins University Press, F. Stansbury Haydon, page 18-20
- ^ Mikesh, Robert C. "Japan's World War II balloon bomb attacks on North America." (1973).
- ^ Archives of Empire: Volume I. From The East India Company to the Suez Canal, edited by Barbara Harlow, Mia Carter, page 568