Romani people in Brazil: Difference between revisions
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The '''[[Romani people]] in [[Brazil]]''' are known by non-Romani ethnic Brazilians as {{lang|pt|ciganos}} ({{IPA-pt|siˈɡɐ̃nus}}), or alternatively by terms such as {{lang|pt|calés}}, {{lang|pt|calós}}, {{lang|pt|calons}}, {{lang|pt|boêmios}}, {{lang|pt|judeus}} (in [[Minas Gerais]]) and {{lang|pt|quicos}} (in Minas Gerais and [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]), in various degrees of accuracy of use and etymology as well as linguistic prestige. |
The '''[[Romani people]] in [[Brazil]]''' are known by non-Romani ethnic Brazilians as {{lang|pt|ciganos}} ({{IPA-pt|siˈɡɐ̃nus}}), or alternatively by terms such as {{lang|pt|calés}}, {{lang|pt|calós}}, {{lang|pt|calons}}, {{lang|pt|boêmios}}, {{lang|pt|judeus}} (in [[Minas Gerais]]) and {{lang|pt|quicos}} (in Minas Gerais and [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]), in various degrees of accuracy of use and etymology as well as linguistic prestige. |
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As implied by some of their most common local names, most Brazilian Romani belong to the [[Calé|Iberian Kale]] (Kalos) group, like |
As implied by some of their most common local names, most Brazilian Romani belong to the [[Calé|Iberian Kale]] (Kalos) group, like their fellow lusophone Portuguese {{lang|pt|[[Romani people in Portugal|ciganos]]}}, and the [[Romani people in Spain|Spanish Romani people]], known as {{lang|es|gitanos}}. A 2012 government report indicates that they arrived in Brazil in the second half of the 16th century, after being expelled from Portugal. They were sentenced to prison in Portugal, requested to be exiled instead, and were ultimately sent to Brazil (some were first sent to Africa). The report also indicates that most Romani men in Brazil today "live from trade and the women engage in palm reading".<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://basilio.fundaj.gov.br/pesquisaescolar_en/index.php?option=com_content&id=1263:gypsies-in-brazil-ciganos-no-brasil|title=Gypsies in Brazil|first=Bruno Lindbergue -|last=BIBLIOTECA|website=basilio.fundaj.gov.br}}</ref> At one time, they traded horses but now, deal in used cars and other goods.<ref name="womennewsnetwork.net">{{cite web|url=https://womennewsnetwork.net/2011/04/04/we-exist-roma-women-brazil/|title=BRAZIL: Roma women and families say 'We exist!' - Woman News Network (WNN)|date=4 April 2011|publisher=}}</ref> |
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The |
The 2010 census data indicates a population of 800,000 {{lang|pt|ciganos}},<ref name="auto"/> or 0.4% of Brazil's population; there are concerns in Brazil about lack of public policy directed at this segment of the population. The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of {{lang|pt|ciganos}} in Brazil at 800,000 (2011). Many still speak the Romani language.<ref name="womennewsnetwork.net"/> A 2015 report by the [[United Nations]] stated that the Roma (Cigano) community who seemed to be "highly invisible" in Brazil. "They are still largely stereotyped […] as thieves, beggars or fortune tellers."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/09/509702-un-rights-expert-urges-brazil-introduce-measures-fulfill-promises-equality|title=UN rights expert urges Brazil to introduce measures to ‘fulfill promises of equality’ for minorities|date=25 September 2015|publisher=}}</ref> |
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The 2010 [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] Brazilian National Census encountered |
The 2010 [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]] Brazilian National Census encountered Romani camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/noticias/falta-de-politicas-publicas-para-ciganos-e-desafio-para-o-governo-20110524.html |
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|title=Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo |
|title=Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo |
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|publisher=R7 |
|publisher=R7 |
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|year=2011 |
|year=2011 |
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|quote= |
|quote= |
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|accessdate=2012-01-22 |archiveurl = |archivedate =}}</ref> It is the second largest Romani population in the world, after the United States. The first Brazilian president ( |
|accessdate=2012-01-22 |archiveurl = |archivedate =}}</ref> It is the second largest Romani population in the world, after the United States. The first Brazilian president (1956–1961) of direct non-Portuguese Romani origin was [[Juscelino Kubitschek]], 50% Czech Romani by his mother's bloodline. His term was marked by economic prosperity and political stability,<ref>{{cite web|title=HOMENAGEADOS › JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK|url=http://www.ccon.go.gov.br/homenageados_detalhes/Juscelino+Kubitschek+/15|website=Centro Cultural Oscar Niemeyer|accessdate=22 February 2015|language=Portuguese}}</ref> being most known by the construction of Brazil's new capital, [[Brasília]]. Nevertheless, Brazil already had a president of Portuguese Kale ancestry before Juscelino's term, [[Washington Luís]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 02:49, 18 July 2018
The Romani people in Brazil are known by non-Romani ethnic Brazilians as ciganos (Template:IPA-pt), or alternatively by terms such as calés, calós, calons, boêmios, judeus (in Minas Gerais) and quicos (in Minas Gerais and São Paulo), in various degrees of accuracy of use and etymology as well as linguistic prestige.
As implied by some of their most common local names, most Brazilian Romani belong to the Iberian Kale (Kalos) group, like their fellow lusophone Portuguese ciganos, and the Spanish Romani people, known as gitanos. A 2012 government report indicates that they arrived in Brazil in the second half of the 16th century, after being expelled from Portugal. They were sentenced to prison in Portugal, requested to be exiled instead, and were ultimately sent to Brazil (some were first sent to Africa). The report also indicates that most Romani men in Brazil today "live from trade and the women engage in palm reading".[1] At one time, they traded horses but now, deal in used cars and other goods.[2]
The 2010 census data indicates a population of 800,000 ciganos,[1] or 0.4% of Brazil's population; there are concerns in Brazil about lack of public policy directed at this segment of the population. The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of ciganos in Brazil at 800,000 (2011). Many still speak the Romani language.[2] A 2015 report by the United Nations stated that the Roma (Cigano) community who seemed to be "highly invisible" in Brazil. "They are still largely stereotyped […] as thieves, beggars or fortune tellers."[3]
The 2010 IBGE Brazilian National Census encountered Romani camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities.[4] It is the second largest Romani population in the world, after the United States. The first Brazilian president (1956–1961) of direct non-Portuguese Romani origin was Juscelino Kubitschek, 50% Czech Romani by his mother's bloodline. His term was marked by economic prosperity and political stability,[5] being most known by the construction of Brazil's new capital, Brasília. Nevertheless, Brazil already had a president of Portuguese Kale ancestry before Juscelino's term, Washington Luís.
References
- ^ a b BIBLIOTECA, Bruno Lindbergue -. "Gypsies in Brazil". basilio.fundaj.gov.br.
- ^ a b "BRAZIL: Roma women and families say 'We exist!' - Woman News Network (WNN)". 4 April 2011.
- ^ "UN rights expert urges Brazil to introduce measures to 'fulfill promises of equality' for minorities". 25 September 2015.
- ^ "Falta de políticas públicas para ciganos é desafio para o governo". R7. 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ "HOMENAGEADOS › JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK". Centro Cultural Oscar Niemeyer (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2015.
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