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{{about|the title created in 1766 for the Earl of Kildare|the title created in 1691|Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg}}
{{Infobox peerage title
{{Infobox peerage title
|name=Dukedom of Leinster
|name=Dukedom of Leinster
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|monarch=[[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
|monarch=[[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
|peerage=[[Peerage of Ireland]]
|peerage=[[Peerage of Ireland]]
|first holder=[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald Mc Millen, 1st Marquess of Kildare]]
|first holder=[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald, 1st Marquess of Kildare]]
|present holder=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen, 9th Duke]]
|present holder=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke]]
|remainder to= the 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten
|remainder to= the 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten
|subsidiary titles=Marquess of Kildare<br />Earl of Kildare<br />Earl of Offaly<br />Viscount Leinster<br />Baron Offaly<br />Baron Kildare
|subsidiary titles=Marquess of Kildare<br />Earl of Kildare<br />Earl of Offaly<br />Viscount Leinster<br />Baron Offaly<br />Baron Kildare
|heir presumptive=Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen<br/><small>(son of the present holder)</small>
|heir presumptive=Edward FitzGerald<br/><small>(nephew of the present holder)</small>
|family seat=
|family seat=
|former seat= [[Maynooth Castle]]<br/>[[Kilkea Castle]]<br/>[[Leinster House]]<br/>[[Carton House]]
|former seat= [[Maynooth Castle]]<br/>[[Kilkea Castle]]<br/>[[Leinster House]]<br/>[[Carton House]]
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==Earls of Kildare from 1316==
==Earls of Kildare from 1316==
This branch of the [[Cambro-Normans|Welsh-Norman]] Mc Millen dynasty, which [[Norman invasion of Ireland|came to Ireland in 1169]], were initially created '''Earls of Kildare'''. The earldom was created in 1316 for [[John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald Mc Millen]]. Two senior FitzGerald-Mc Millens, [[Gearoid Mór Fitzgerald, 8th Earl of Kildare|Garret Mór FitzGerald Mc Millen]] and his son, [[Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare|Garret Óg FitzGerald Mc Millen]] served as [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland|Lords Deputy]] of Ireland, the representative of the [[Lordship of Ireland|Lord of Ireland]] (the [[King of England]]) in Ireland. The tenth earl, Thomas Mc Millen, known as [[Silken Thomas]], was [[Bill of attainder|attainted]] and his honours were forfeit in 1537. In 1554, Thomas's half-brother and only male heir, [[Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen]], was created Earl of Kildare in the [[Peerage of Ireland]]. He was subsequently restored to the original [[letters patent]] in 1569, as 11th earl. The second (1554-created) earldom became extinct in 1599, although the original earldom survived.
This branch of the [[Cambro-Normans|Welsh-Norman]] [[FitzGerald dynasty]], which [[Norman invasion of Ireland|came to Ireland in 1169]], were initially created '''Earls of Kildare'''. The earldom was created in 1316 for [[John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald]]. Two senior FitzGeralds, [[Gearoid Mór Fitzgerald, 8th Earl of Kildare|Garret Mór FitzGerald]] and his son, [[Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare|Garret Óg FitzGerald]] served as [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland|Lords Deputy]] of Ireland, the representative of the [[Lordship of Ireland|Lord of Ireland]] (the [[King of England]]) in Ireland. The tenth earl, Thomas FitzGerald, known as [[Silken Thomas]], was [[Bill of attainder|attainted]] and his honours were forfeit in 1537. In 1554, Thomas's half-brother and only male heir, [[Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald]], was created Earl of Kildare in the [[Peerage of Ireland]]. He was subsequently restored to the original [[letters patent]] in 1569, as 11th earl. The second (1554-created) earldom became extinct in 1599, although the original earldom survived.


{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}
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| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1.'''[[Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen]]''' <br />
| 1 = 1.'''[[Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald]]''' <br />
6th Duke of Leinster (b. 1887)<br />[[File:FitzGerald arms.svg|20px]]
6th Duke of Leinster (b. 1887)<br />[[File:FitzGerald arms.svg|20px]]
| 2 = 2. '''[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen]]'''<br />
| 2 = 2. '''[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald]]'''<br />
5th Duke of Leinster (1851–1893)
5th Duke of Leinster (1851–1893)
| 3 = 3. '''[[Hermione Wilhelmina Duncombe]]'''<br />
| 3 = 3. '''[[Hermione Wilhelmina Duncombe]]'''<br />
(1864–1895)
(1864–1895)
| 4 = 4. '''[[Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster|Charles William FitzGerald Mc Millen]]'''<br />
| 4 = 4. '''[[Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster|Charles William FitzGerald]]'''<br />
4th Duke of Leinster (1847–1887)
4th Duke of Leinster (1847–1887)
| 5 = 5. '''Caroline Sutherland-Leveson-Gower'''<br />
| 5 = 5. '''Caroline Sutherland-Leveson-Gower'''<br />
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| 7 = 7. '''Mabel Violet Graham'''<br />
| 7 = 7. '''Mabel Violet Graham'''<br />
(18??)
(18??)
| 8 = 8. '''[[Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster|Augustus Frederick FitzGerald Mc Millen]]'''<br />
| 8 = 8. '''[[Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster|Augustus Frederick FitzGerald]]'''<br />
3rd Duke of Leinster (1791–1874)
3rd Duke of Leinster (1791–1874)
| 9 = 9. '''Charlotte Augusta Stanhope'''<br />
| 9 = 9. '''Charlotte Augusta Stanhope'''<br />
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| 15 = 15. '''Fanny Callender'''<br />
| 15 = 15. '''Fanny Callender'''<br />
(d. 1857)
(d. 1857)
| 16 = 16. '''[[William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster|William Robert FitzGerald Mc Millen]]'''<br />
| 16 = 16. '''[[William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster|William Robert FitzGerald]]'''<br />
2nd Duke of Leinster KP (1749–1804)
2nd Duke of Leinster KP (1749–1804)
| 17 = 17. '''Emilia Olivia St. George'''<br />
| 17 = 17. '''Emilia Olivia St. George'''<br />
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|footnotes=<br />
|footnotes=<br />
{{British Peerage}}
{{British Peerage}}
'''The Most Noble Maurice (FitzGerald Mc Millen), 6th Duke of Leinster. (1887–1922)'''.<br />
'''The Most Noble Maurice (FitzGerald), 6th Duke of Leinster. (1887–1922)'''.<br />
Marquess and Earl of Kildare, co. Kildare, Earl and Baron of Offaly, all in the Peerage of Ireland;<br />
Marquess and Earl of Kildare, co. Kildare, Earl and Baron of Offaly, all in the Peerage of Ireland;<br />
Viscount Leinster of Taplow, co. Bucks, in the Peerage of Great Britain<br />
Viscount Leinster of Taplow, co. Bucks, in the Peerage of Great Britain<br />
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[[File:1stDukeOfLeinster.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The 1st Duke of Leinster.]]
[[File:1stDukeOfLeinster.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The 1st Duke of Leinster.]]
[[File:Pict0038DukeLeinster2nd.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The 2nd Duke of Leinster]]
[[File:Pict0038DukeLeinster2nd.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The 2nd Duke of Leinster]]
The family was originally based in [[Maynooth Castle]] in [[Maynooth]] in [[County Kildare]]. In later centuries the family owned estates in [[County Waterford|Waterford]] with their country residence being a Georgian house called [[Carton House]] which had replaced the castle in County Kildare. In Dublin, the Earl built a large townhouse residence on the southside of Dublin called ''Kildare House''. When the Earl was awarded a dukedom and became ''Duke of Leinster'', the house was renamed [[Leinster House]]. One of its occupants was [[Lord Edward FitzGerald|Lord Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen]], who became an icon for Irish nationalism through his involvement with the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]], which ultimately cost him his life.
The family was originally based in [[Maynooth Castle]] in [[Maynooth]] in [[County Kildare]]. In later centuries the family owned estates in [[County Waterford|Waterford]] with their country residence being a Georgian house called [[Carton House]] which had replaced the castle in County Kildare. In Dublin, the Earl built a large townhouse residence on the southside of Dublin called ''Kildare House''. When the Earl was awarded a dukedom and became ''Duke of Leinster'', the house was renamed [[Leinster House]]. One of its occupants was [[Lord Edward FitzGerald]], who became an icon for Irish nationalism through his involvement with the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]], which ultimately cost him his life.


Leinster House was sold by the Leinsters in 1815. After nearly a century as the headquarters of the [[Royal Dublin Society]], which held its famed ''Spring Show'' and ''Horse Show'' in its grounds, [[Oireachtas Éireann]], the two chamber [[parliament]] of the new [[Irish Free State]], rented Leinster House in 1922 to be its temporary parliament house. In 1924 it bought the building for parliamentary use. It has remained the parliament house of the [[Republic of Ireland|Irish state]].
Leinster House was sold by the Leinsters in 1815. After nearly a century as the headquarters of the [[Royal Dublin Society]], which held its famed ''Spring Show'' and ''Horse Show'' in its grounds, [[Oireachtas Éireann]], the two chamber [[parliament]] of the new [[Irish Free State]], rented Leinster House in 1922 to be its temporary parliament house. In 1924 it bought the building for parliamentary use. It has remained the parliament house of the [[Republic of Ireland|Irish state]].
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A controversial claim by the supposed descendants of the 5th Duke (largely debunked by Michael Estorick in 1981) was made and failed, with the [[Lord Chancellor]] accepting the claim made by the 9th Duke of Leinster.<ref>Peterkin, Tom. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/migrationtemp/1549175/Battle-over-Irish-dukedom-settled.html Battle over Irish dukedom settled], ''Daily Telegraph'', 21 April 2007. Accessed 12 June 2008.</ref>
A controversial claim by the supposed descendants of the 5th Duke (largely debunked by Michael Estorick in 1981) was made and failed, with the [[Lord Chancellor]] accepting the claim made by the 9th Duke of Leinster.<ref>Peterkin, Tom. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/migrationtemp/1549175/Battle-over-Irish-dukedom-settled.html Battle over Irish dukedom settled], ''Daily Telegraph'', 21 April 2007. Accessed 12 June 2008.</ref>


In 2006, a [[lawsuit]] was filed with [[Government of the United Kingdom|HMG]]'s [[Department of Constitutional Affairs]] by Theresa Pamella Caudill,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trivalleycentral.com/obituaries/theresa-caudill/article_d8b16c0a-3605-11e5-a871-27d9e996cee2.html|title=Theresa Caudill|access-date=2016-08-25}}</ref> daughter of Eleanor and Maurice F. “Desmond” FitzGerald Mc Millen, on behalf of her nephew, a California builder, Paul FitzGerald Mc Millen, as claimant to be the rightful Duke of Leinster.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1518305/DNA-tests-and-a-mystery-package-in-the-1m-battle-just-for-a-dukes-title.html|title=DNA tests and a mystery package in the £1m battle just for a duke's title|last=Craig|first=By Olga|access-date=2016-08-25}}</ref> FitzGerald Mc Millen purported that he is the grandson of Lord Desmond FitzGerald Mc Millen, the second son of [[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen, 5th Duke of Leinster]], who was recorded as having been [[killed in action]] during the First World War while serving with the Irish Guards. When [[Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen, 6th Duke of Leinster]] died, mad and childless, in 1922, the Leinster dukedom <ref>British Dukes (Holding peerages granted by the Monarch) have Dukedoms; sovereign Dukes (continental rulers of territories without any overlord, i.e. the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) have Duchies</ref> – and its considerable wealth and lands – devolved upon his youngest brother [[Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster|Lord Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen]], who succeeded as the 7th Duke of Leinster. Paul FitzGerald Mc Millen and his supporters claimed that Lord Desmond faked his death and emigrated to [[California]] (by way of [[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, Manitoba]], Canada) where he lived until his death in 1967. It was further claimed by Mrs Caudill that a package of documents, witnessed by the Prince of Wales and Sir Edgar Vincent, Lord Feversham, had been lodged by her father with the Crown Office of the House of Lords in 1929, and the family had been denied access to them. Mrs Caudill believed the documents included evidence that her father agreed to relinquish the title for one generation but made it clear it was to be passed down to his son, her brother Leonard Fitzgerald Mc Millen. Instead, it was passed down through her father's brother's family. It was alleged that an archivist had acknowledged the package had once existed, but the official line was that it was now lost.<ref name="auto"/>
In 2006, a [[lawsuit]] was filed with [[Government of the United Kingdom|HMG]]'s [[Department of Constitutional Affairs]] by Theresa Pamella Caudill,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trivalleycentral.com/obituaries/theresa-caudill/article_d8b16c0a-3605-11e5-a871-27d9e996cee2.html|title=Theresa Caudill|access-date=2016-08-25}}</ref> daughter of Eleanor and Maurice F. “Desmond” FitzGerald, on behalf of her nephew, a California builder, Paul FitzGerald, as claimant to be the rightful Duke of Leinster.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1518305/DNA-tests-and-a-mystery-package-in-the-1m-battle-just-for-a-dukes-title.html|title=DNA tests and a mystery package in the £1m battle just for a duke's title|last=Craig|first=By Olga|access-date=2016-08-25}}</ref> FitzGerald purported that he is the grandson of Lord Desmond FitzGerald, the second son of [[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster]], who was recorded as having been [[killed in action]] during the First World War while serving with the Irish Guards. When [[Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster]] died, mad and childless, in 1922, the Leinster dukedom <ref>British Dukes (Holding peerages granted by the Monarch) have Dukedoms; sovereign Dukes (continental rulers of territories without any overlord, i.e. the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) have Duchies</ref> – and its considerable wealth and lands – devolved upon his youngest brother [[Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster|Lord Edward FitzGerald]], who succeeded as the 7th Duke of Leinster. Paul FitzGerald and his supporters claimed that Lord Desmond faked his death and emigrated to [[California]] (by way of [[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, Manitoba]], Canada) where he lived until his death in 1967. It was further claimed by Mrs Caudill that a package of documents, witnessed by the Prince of Wales and Sir Edgar Vincent, Lord Feversham, had been lodged by her father with the Crown Office of the House of Lords in 1929, and the family had been denied access to them. Mrs Caudill believed the documents included evidence that her father agreed to relinquish the title for one generation but made it clear it was to be passed down to his son, her brother Leonard Fitzgerald. Instead, it was passed down through her father's brother's family. It was alleged that an archivist had acknowledged the package had once existed, but the official line was that it was now lost.<ref name="auto"/>


[[Charles Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton|The Baron Falconer of Thoroton]], [[Lord Chancellor]] (2003–2007), and [[Harriet Harman]], [[Minister of State]] in the [[Department for Constitutional Affairs]], gave due consideration to this [[Peerage law|claim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1511572/A-Californian-claimant-an-escape-from-the-trenches-and-the-fight-for-a-dukedom.html|title=A Californian claimant, an 'escape' from the trenches and the fight for a dukedom|first=By Tom Peterkin, Ireland Correspondent and Catherine Elsworth in Los|last=Angeles|publisher=}}</ref> The claim was dismissed by Lord Falconer despite a 30-year campaign by Paul FitzGerald's family reputedly costing £1.3 million. The Lord Chancellor adjudicated that the title was to remain with the existing holder, the [[Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster|9th Duke, Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen]]. Paul FitzGerald Mc Millen has a right of appeal against the Lord Chancellor's verdict by petitioning Her Majesty The Queen, Elizabeth II.<ref>[http://www.irishabroad.com/news/irishpost/news/AmericanlosesbattleoverLeinsterdukeclaim280407.asp American loses battle over Leinster dukedom claim] - website IrishAbroad</ref>
[[Charles Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton|The Baron Falconer of Thoroton]], [[Lord Chancellor]] (2003–2007), and [[Harriet Harman]], [[Minister of State]] in the [[Department for Constitutional Affairs]], gave due consideration to this [[Peerage law|claim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1511572/A-Californian-claimant-an-escape-from-the-trenches-and-the-fight-for-a-dukedom.html|title=A Californian claimant, an 'escape' from the trenches and the fight for a dukedom|first=By Tom Peterkin, Ireland Correspondent and Catherine Elsworth in Los|last=Angeles|publisher=}}</ref> The claim was dismissed by Lord Falconer despite a 30-year campaign by Paul FitzGerald's family reputedly costing £1.3 million. The Lord Chancellor adjudicated that the title was to remain with the existing holder, the [[Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster|9th Duke, Maurice FitzGerald]]. Paul FitzGerald has a right of appeal against the Lord Chancellor's verdict by petitioning Her Majesty The Queen, Elizabeth II.<ref>[http://www.irishabroad.com/news/irishpost/news/AmericanlosesbattleoverLeinsterdukeclaim280407.asp American loses battle over Leinster dukedom claim] - website IrishAbroad</ref>


In 2010, however, DNA evidence was presented that indicates that Paul FitzGerald Mc Millen is related to the wife of the 5th Duke, the former Lady Hermione Duncombe.[http://www.scotsman.com/news/dna-test-the-latest-twist-in-aristocratic-tale-of-a-cowboy-a-gambler-and-a-web-of-deceit-1-833625] As reported in [[The Scotsman]], "with the help of Dunfermline-based genealogist Lloyd Pitcairn, Mrs FitzGerald Mc Millen Caudill [Paul FitzGerald's aunt] traced Maud Crawford, the grand-daughter of Lady Hermione's younger sister Urica [''sic''] Duncombe. The results of the tests found that it was '41 times more probable' that Ms Crawford and Paul FitzGerald Mc Millen were extremely closely related than were from different families. The evidence that Paul FitzGerald Mc Millen is related to the family of the 5th Duke's wife is the first DNA evidence ever produced in the case, and may support Mrs FitzGerald Mc Millen Caudhill's long-held claim suggesting that her mysterious father was the son of Lady Hermione, the wife of the fifth Duke of Leinster."[http://www.scotsman.com/news/dna-test-the-latest-twist-in-aristocratic-tale-of-a-cowboy-a-gambler-and-a-web-of-deceit-1-833625]
In 2010, however, DNA evidence was presented that indicates that Paul FitzGerald is related to the wife of the 5th Duke, the former Lady Hermione Duncombe.[http://www.scotsman.com/news/dna-test-the-latest-twist-in-aristocratic-tale-of-a-cowboy-a-gambler-and-a-web-of-deceit-1-833625] As reported in [[The Scotsman]], "with the help of Dunfermline-based genealogist Lloyd Pitcairn, Mrs FitzGerald Caudill [Paul FitzGerald's aunt] traced Maud Crawford, the grand-daughter of Lady Hermione's younger sister Urica [''sic''] Duncombe. The results of the tests found that it was '41 times more probable' that Ms Crawford and Paul FitzGerald were extremely closely related than were from different families. The evidence that Paul FitzGerald is related to the family of the 5th Duke's wife is the first DNA evidence ever produced in the case, and may support Mrs FitzGerald Caudhill's long-held claim suggesting that her mysterious father was the son of Lady Hermione, the wife of the fifth Duke of Leinster."[http://www.scotsman.com/news/dna-test-the-latest-twist-in-aristocratic-tale-of-a-cowboy-a-gambler-and-a-web-of-deceit-1-833625]


It had also previously been alleged<ref>Angela Lambert, Unquiet Souls (Harper & Row, 1984), page 64</ref> that the 9th Duke′s grandfather, [[Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster|the 7th Duke]], was the biological son of [[Hugo Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss|the Earl of Wemyss and March]]. Had this been proven then neither the present Duke, nor any other male descendant of the 7th Duke, would be a legitimate heir of [[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|the 1st Duke of Leinster]].
It had also previously been alleged<ref>Angela Lambert, Unquiet Souls (Harper & Row, 1984), page 64</ref> that the 9th Duke′s grandfather, [[Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster|the 7th Duke]], was the biological son of [[Hugo Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss|the Earl of Wemyss and March]]. Had this been proven then neither the present Duke, nor any other male descendant of the 7th Duke, would be a legitimate heir of [[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|the 1st Duke of Leinster]].
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[[File:Ireland 1450.png|thumb|right|Ireland in 1450, with the Earldom of Kildare shown just southwest of the Pale]]
[[File:Ireland 1450.png|thumb|right|Ireland in 1450, with the Earldom of Kildare shown just southwest of the Pale]]
:''Other titles: [[Baron Offaly|Lord of Offaly]] (c. 1193–?)''
:''Other titles: [[Baron Offaly|Lord of Offaly]] (c. 1193–?)''
*[[John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald Mc Millen, 1st Earl of Kildare]] (1250–1316), already 4th Lord of Offaly, was rewarded for serving [[Edward I of England]] in [[Scotland]]
*[[John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare]] (1250–1316), already 4th Lord of Offaly, was rewarded for serving [[Edward I of England]] in [[Scotland]]
*[[Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen, 2nd Earl of Kildare]] (died 1328), younger (only surviving) son of the 1st Earl
*[[Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare]] (died 1328), younger (only surviving) son of the 1st Earl
**John FitzGerald (1314–1323), eldest son of the 2nd Earl, died in childhood
**John FitzGerald (1314–1323), eldest son of the 2nd Earl, died in childhood
*[[Richard FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Kildare|Richard FitzGerald Mc Millen, 3rd Earl of Kildare]] (1317–1329), second son of the 2nd Earl, died unmarried
*[[Richard FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Kildare]] (1317–1329), second son of the 2nd Earl, died unmarried
*[[Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen, 4th Earl of Kildare]] (1318–1390), third and youngest son of the 2nd Earl
*[[Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare]] (1318–1390), third and youngest son of the 2nd Earl
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare Mc Millen]] (died 1432), a son of the 4th Earl
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1432), a son of the 4th Earl
**''The 5th Earl had at least one son Thomas, who predeceased him''
**''The 5th Earl had at least one son Thomas, who predeceased him''
*[[John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald Mc Millen, 6th Earl of Kildare]] (''[[de jure]]''; d.c.1434), a younger son of the 4th Earl; he was forced to dispute his right to the title with a son-in-law of the 5th Earl
*[[John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare]] (''[[de jure]]''; d.c.1434), a younger son of the 4th Earl; he was forced to dispute his right to the title with a son-in-law of the 5th Earl
*[[Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen, 7th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1478), son of the 6th Earl
*[[Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1478), son of the 6th Earl
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen, 8th Earl of Kildare]] (c. 1456–1513), eldest son of the 7th Earl (''Gearóid Mór FitzGerald Mc Millen'')
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare]] (c. 1456–1513), eldest son of the 7th Earl (''Gearóid Mór FitzGerald'')
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen, 9th Earl of Kildare]] (1487–1534), eldest son of the 8th Earl (''Gearóid Óg Fitzgerald Mc Millen'')
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare]] (1487–1534), eldest son of the 8th Earl (''Gearóid Óg Fitzgerald'')
*[[Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen, 10th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1537), '''"Silken Thomas"''', eldest son of the 9th Earl, led an insurrection in Ireland and his honours were forfeit, and he died unmarried
*[[Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1537), '''"Silken Thomas"''', eldest son of the 9th Earl, led an insurrection in Ireland and his honours were forfeit, and he died unmarried
:''Other titles (11th–13th Earls): Earl of Kildare and Baron of Offaly (1554)''
:''Other titles (11th–13th Earls): Earl of Kildare and Baron of Offaly (1554)''
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald]] (1525–1585), second son of the 9th Earl, was given a new creation in 1554 then restored to his brother's honours in 1569
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare]] (1525–1585), second son of the 9th Earl, was given a new creation in 1554 then restored to his brother's honours in 1569
**Gerald (Garrett) FitzGerald Mc Millen, Lord Offaly (1559–1580), eldest son of the 11th Earl, predeceased his father without male issue
**Gerald (Garrett) FitzGerald, Lord Offaly (1559–1580), eldest son of the 11th Earl, predeceased his father without male issue
*[[Henry FitzGerald, 12th Earl of Kildare|Henry FitzGerald Mc Millen, 12th Earl of Kildare]] (1562–1597), second son of the 11th Earl, died without male issue
*[[Henry FitzGerald, 12th Earl of Kildare]] (1562–1597), second son of the 11th Earl, died without male issue
*[[William FitzGerald, 13th Earl of Kildare|William FitzGerald Mc Millen, 13th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1599), third and youngest son of the 11th Earl, died unmarried
*[[William FitzGerald, 13th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1599), third and youngest son of the 11th Earl, died unmarried
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen, 14th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1612), elder son of Edward, himself third and youngest son of the 9th Earl
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Kildare]] (died 1612), elder son of Edward, himself third and youngest son of the 9th Earl
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen, 15th Earl of Kildare]] (1611–1620), only son of the 14th Earl, died in childhood
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Kildare]] (1611–1620), only son of the 14th Earl, died in childhood
*[[George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare|George FitzGerald Mc Millen, 16th Earl of Kildare]] (1612–1660), a son of Thomas, himself younger brother of the 14th Earl
*[[George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare]] (1612–1660), a son of Thomas, himself younger brother of the 14th Earl
*[[Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare|Wentworth FitzGerald Mc Millen, 17th Earl of Kildare]] (1634–1664), elder son of the 16th Earl
*[[Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare]] (1634–1664), elder son of the 16th Earl
*[[John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald Mc Millen, 18th Earl of Kildare]] (1661–1707), only son of the 17th Earl, died without surviving issue
*[[John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare]] (1661–1707), only son of the 17th Earl, died without surviving issue
**Henry FitzGerald Mc Millen, Lord Offaly (1683–1684), only son of the 18th Earl, died in infancy
**Henry FitzGerald, Lord Offaly (1683–1684), only son of the 18th Earl, died in infancy
*[[Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare|Robert FitzGerald Mc Millen, 19th Earl of Kildare]] (1675–1744), only son of Robert, himself younger son of the 16th Earl
*[[Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare]] (1675–1744), only son of Robert, himself younger son of the 16th Earl
:''Other titles (20th Earl): Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747)''
:''Other titles (20th Earl): Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747)''
*[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald Mc Millen, 20th Earl of Kildare]] (1722–1773) was created '''Marquess of Kildare''' in 1761
*[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald, 20th Earl of Kildare]] (1722–1773) was created '''Marquess of Kildare''' in 1761


==Marquesses of Kildare (1761)==
==Marquesses of Kildare (1761)==
:''Other titles: Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and [[Baron Offaly|Lord of Offaly]] (c. 1193–?)''
:''Other titles: Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and [[Baron Offaly|Lord of Offaly]] (c. 1193–?)''
*[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald Mc Millen, 1st Marquess of Kildare]] (1722–1773) was created '''Duke of Leinster''' in 1766
*[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald, 1st Marquess of Kildare]] (1722–1773) was created '''Duke of Leinster''' in 1766
**George FitzGerald Mc Millen, Earl of Offaly (1748–1765), eldest son of the 1st Marquess
**George FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly (1748–1765), eldest son of the 1st Marquess


==Dukes of Leinster, second creation (1766)==
==Dukes of Leinster, second creation (1766)==
:''Other titles: Marquesse of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and [[Baron Offaly|Lord of Offaly]] (c. 1193–?)''
:''Other titles: Marquesse of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and [[Baron Offaly|Lord of Offaly]] (c. 1193–?)''
*[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald Mc Millen, 1st Duke of Leinster]] (1722–1773), elder son of the 19th Earl
*[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster]] (1722–1773), elder son of the 19th Earl
*[[William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster|William Robert FitzGerald Mc Millen, 2nd Duke of Leinster]] (1749–1804), second son of the 1st Duke
*[[William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster|William Robert FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster]] (1749–1804), second son of the 1st Duke
**George FitzGerald Mc Millen, Marquess of Kildare (1783–1784), eldest son of the 2nd Duke, died in infancy
**George FitzGerald, Marquess of Kildare (1783–1784), eldest son of the 2nd Duke, died in infancy
*[[Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster|Augustus Frederick FitzGerald Mc Millen, 3rd Duke of Leinster]] (1791–1874), second son of the 2nd Duke
*[[Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster|Augustus Frederick FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster]] (1791–1874), second son of the 2nd Duke
:''Other titles (4th Duke onwards): Baron Kildare (UK 1870)''
:''Other titles (4th Duke onwards): Baron Kildare (UK 1870)''
*[[Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster|Charles William FitzGerald Mc Millen, 4th Duke of Leinster]] (1819–1887), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
*[[Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster|Charles William FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster]] (1819–1887), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen, 5th Duke of Leinster]] (1851–1893), eldest son of the 4th Duke
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster]] (1851–1893), eldest son of the 4th Duke
*[[Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen, 6th Duke of Leinster]] (1887–1922), eldest son of the 5th Duke, died unmarried
*[[Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster]] (1887–1922), eldest son of the 5th Duke, died unmarried
*[[Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster|Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen, 7th Duke of Leinster]] (1892–1976), third and youngest son of the 5th Duke
*[[Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster]] (1892–1976), third and youngest son of the 5th Duke
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen, 8th Duke of Leinster]] (1914–2015), only legitimate son of the 7th Duke
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of Leinster]] (1914–2004), only legitimate son of the 7th Duke
*[[Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen, 9th Duke of Leinster]] (born 1948), elder son of the 8th Duke
*[[Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster]] (born 1948), elder son of the 8th Duke
**[[Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly|Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen, Earl of Offaly]] (1974–1997), only son of the 9th Duke, died unmarried in a road traffic collision
**[[Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly]] (1974–1997), only son of the 9th Duke, died unmarried in a road traffic collision


The [[heir presumptive]] is the present holder's son Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen (born 1988)
The [[heir presumptive]] is the present holder's nephew Edward FitzGerald (born 1988), only son of [[Lord John FitzGerald]] (1952–2015)


==Line of succession==
==Line of succession==


#Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen (born 1988)
#Edward FitzGerald (born 1988) (only son of Lord John)
#Peter Charles FitzGerald Mc Millen (born 2012)
#Peter Charles FitzGerald (born 1925) (grandson of Lord Charles FitzGerald, fifth son of the 4th Duke)
#Stephen Peter FitzGerald Mc Millen (born 2014)
#Stephen Peter FitzGerald (born 1953) (only son of Peter FitzGerald)


==Family tree==
==Family tree==
{{chart top|FitzGerald Mc Millen family tree: Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster}}
{{chart top|FitzGerald family tree: Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster}}
{{familytree/start|style=font-size:90%}}
{{familytree/start|style=font-size:90%}}
{{familytree | | |GdW |v|NfR |GdW=[[Gerald de Windsor]]|NfR=[[Nest ferch Rhys]]}}
{{familytree | | |GdW |v|NfR |GdW=[[Gerald de Windsor]]|NfR=[[Nest ferch Rhys]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | |MLL |MLL=[[Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>Lord of Lanstephan]]<br>(c.1105–1176)}}
{{familytree | | | | |MLL |MLL=[[Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan|Maurice FitzGerald,<br>Lord of Lanstephan]]<br>(c.1105–1176)}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | |G1O | |TMG |G1O=[[Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly|Gerald FitzMaurice,<br>1st Lord of Offaly]]<br>(c.1150–1204)|TMG=[[Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald|Thomas FitzMaurice,<br>Lord of O'Connelloe]]<br>(c.1175–1213)}}
{{familytree | | |G1O | |TMG |G1O=[[Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly|Gerald FitzMaurice,<br>1st Lord of Offaly]]<br>(c.1150–1204)|TMG=[[Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald|Thomas FitzMaurice,<br>Lord of O'Connelloe]]<br>(c.1175–1213)}}
Line 190: Line 191:
{{familytree | | | |!| | |ED |border=0
{{familytree | | | |!| | |ED |border=0
|ED=''[[Earl of Desmond]]''}}
|ED=''[[Earl of Desmond]]''}}
{{familytree | | |M2O |M2O=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>2nd Lord of Offaly]]<br>(1194–1257)}}
{{familytree | | |M2O |M2O=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly|Maurice FitzGerald,<br>2nd Lord of Offaly]]<br>(1194–1257)}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree |M3O | |TF |M3O=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>3rd Lord of Offaly]]<br>(1238–c.1286)|TF=Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen<br>(d. 1271)}}
{{familytree |M3O | |TF |M3O=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly|Maurice FitzGerald,<br>3rd Lord of Offaly]]<br>(1238–c.1286)|TF=Thomas FitzGerald<br>(d. 1271)}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | |EK |border=0
{{familytree | | | | |EK |border=0
|EK=''EARL OF KILDARE, 1316''}}
|EK=''EARL OF KILDARE, 1316''}}
{{familytree | | | | |E1 |E1=[[John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>4th Lord of Offaly,<br>'''1st Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1250–1316)
{{familytree | | | | |E1 |E1=[[John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald,<br>4th Lord of Offaly,<br>'''1st Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1250–1316)
|boxstyle_E1=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E1=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | |E2 |E2=[[Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''2nd Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1328)
{{familytree | | | | |E2 |E2=[[Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald,<br>'''2nd Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1328)
|boxstyle_E2=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E2=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(|}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(|}}
{{familytree |E3 | |E4 |E3=[[Richard FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Kildare|Richard FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''3rd Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1317–1329)|E4=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''4th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1318–1390)
{{familytree |E3 | |E4 |E3=[[Richard FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Kildare|Richard FitzGerald,<br>'''3rd Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1317–1329)|E4=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare|Maurice FitzGerald,<br>'''4th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1318–1390)
|boxstyle_E3=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E4=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E3=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E4=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(|}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(|}}
{{familytree |E5 | |E6 |E5=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''5th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1432)|E6=[[John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''6th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1434)
{{familytree |E5 | |E6 |E5=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald,<br>'''5th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1432)|E6=[[John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald,<br>'''6th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1434)
|boxstyle_E5=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E6=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E5=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E6=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | |E7 |E7=[[Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''7th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(c.1421–1478)
{{familytree | | | | |E7 |E7=[[Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald,<br>'''7th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(c.1421–1478)
|boxstyle_E7=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E7=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | |E8 |E8=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''8th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(c.1456–1513)
{{familytree | | | | |E8 |E8=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald,<br>'''8th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(c.1456–1513)
|boxstyle_E8=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E8=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | |E9 |E9=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''9th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1487–1534)
{{familytree | | | | |E9 |E9=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald,<br>'''9th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1487–1534)
|boxstyle_E9=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E9=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree | |!| | |EK | | | | |!|border=0
{{familytree | |!| | |EK | | | | |!|border=0
|EK=''EARL OF KILDARE, 1554''}}
|EK=''EARL OF KILDARE, 1554''}}
{{familytree |E10 | |E11 | | | |EF |E10=[[Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''10th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1513–1537)<br><small>''‘Silken Thomas’<br>Executed, honours forfeit''|E11=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''1st''' & '''11th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1525–1585)<br><small>''New Earldom of Kildare created 1554<br>Ancient Earldom restored 1569''|EF=Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen<br>(1528–1590)
{{familytree |E10 | |E11 | | | |EF |E10=[[Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare|Thomas FitzGerald,<br>'''10th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1513–1537)<br><small>''‘Silken Thomas’<br>Executed, honours forfeit''|E11=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald,<br>'''1st''' & '''11th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1525–1585)<br><small>''New Earldom of Kildare created 1554<br>Ancient Earldom restored 1569''|EF=Edward FitzGerald<br>(1528–1590)
|boxstyle_E10=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E11=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E10=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E11=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |E12 | |E13 | |E14 | |TF |E12=[[Henry FitzGerald, 12th Earl of Kildare|Henry FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''2nd''' & '''12th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1562–1597)|E13=[[William FitzGerald, 13th Earl of Kildare|William FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''3rd''' & '''13th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1599)|E14=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''14th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1612)|TF=Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen<br>(c.1560–1619)
{{familytree |E12 | |E13 | |E14 | |TF |E12=[[Henry FitzGerald, 12th Earl of Kildare|Henry FitzGerald,<br>'''2nd''' & '''12th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1562–1597)|E13=[[William FitzGerald, 13th Earl of Kildare|William FitzGerald,<br>'''3rd''' & '''13th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1599)|E14=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald,<br>'''14th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(d. 1612)|TF=Thomas FitzGerald<br>(c.1560–1619)
|boxstyle_E12=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E13=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E14=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E12=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E13=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E14=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | |E15 | |E16 |E15=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''15th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1611–1620)|E16=[[George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare|George FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''16th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1612–1660)
{{familytree | | | | | | | | |E15 | |E16 |E15=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Kildare|Gerald FitzGerald,<br>'''15th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1611–1620)|E16=[[George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare|George FitzGerald,<br>'''16th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1612–1660)
|boxstyle_E15=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E16=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E15=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E16=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'|}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'|}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |E17 | |RF | |E17=[[Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare|Wentworth FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''17th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1634–1664)|RF=Robert FitzGerald Mc Millen<br>(1638–1698)
{{familytree |E17 | |RF | |E17=[[Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare|Wentworth FitzGerald,<br>'''17th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1634–1664)|RF=Robert FitzGerald<br>(1638–1698)
|boxstyle_E17=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E17=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |E18 | |E19 |E18=[[John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''18th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1661–1707)|E19=[[Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare|Robert FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''19th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1675–1744)
{{familytree |E18 | |E19 |E18=[[John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald,<br>'''18th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1661–1707)|E19=[[Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare|Robert FitzGerald,<br>'''19th Earl of Kildare''']]<br>(1675–1744)
|boxstyle_E18=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E19=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_E18=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_E19=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | |KJ1 |KJ1=[[James VI and I|King James VI & I]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | |KJ1 |KJ1=[[James VI and I|King James VI & I]]}}
Line 246: Line 247:
{{familytree | | | | |DL |!| | | |!|DL1|border=0
{{familytree | | | | |DL |!| | | |!|DL1|border=0
|DL=''MARQUESS OF KILDARE, 1761''<br>''DUKE OF LEINSTER, 1766''|DL1=''DUKE OF LEINSTER, 1691''}}
|DL=''MARQUESS OF KILDARE, 1761''<br>''DUKE OF LEINSTER, 1766''|DL1=''DUKE OF LEINSTER, 1691''}}
{{familytree | | | | |D1 |!| | | |!|MSL |D1=[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''20th Earl''' & '''1st Marquess of Kildare''',<br>'''1st Duke of Leinster (2nd creation)''']]<br>(1722–1773)|MSL=[[Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg|Meinhardt Schomberg,<br>3rd Duke of Schomberg,<br>'''1st Duke of Leinster (1st creation)''']]<br>(1641–1719)
{{familytree | | | | |D1 |!| | | |!|MSL |D1=[[James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster|James FitzGerald,<br>'''20th Earl''' & '''1st Marquess of Kildare''',<br>'''1st Duke of Leinster (2nd creation)''']]<br>(1722–1773)|MSL=[[Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg|Meinhardt Schomberg,<br>3rd Duke of Schomberg,<br>'''1st Duke of Leinster (1st creation)''']]<br>(1641–1719)
|boxstyle_D1=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_MSL=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_D1=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_MSL=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | |mEL |'| | | |`|mCP|border=0
{{familytree | | | | |mEL |'| | | |`|mCP|border=0
Line 253: Line 254:
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | |BL | |BR|border=0
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | |BL | |BR|border=0
|BL=''Baron Lecale''|BR=''[[Baron Rayleigh]]''}}
|BL=''Baron Lecale''|BR=''[[Baron Rayleigh]]''}}
{{familytree |GEO | |D2 | |C1B | |C1R |GEO=George FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>Earl of Offaly<br>(1748–1765)|D2=[[William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster|William Robert FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''2nd Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1749–1804)|C1B=[[Charles FitzGerald, 1st Baron Lecale|Charles James FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>1st Baron Lecale]]<br>(1756–1810)|C1R=[[Charlotte Strutt, 1st Baroness Rayleigh|Charlotte Strutt,<br>1st Baroness Rayleigh]]<br>(1758–1836)
{{familytree |GEO | |D2 | |C1B | |C1R |GEO=George FitzGerald,<br>Earl of Offaly<br>(1748–1765)|D2=[[William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster|William Robert FitzGerald,<br>'''2nd Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1749–1804)|C1B=[[Charles FitzGerald, 1st Baron Lecale|Charles James FitzGerald,<br>1st Baron Lecale]]<br>(1756–1810)|C1R=[[Charlotte Strutt, 1st Baroness Rayleigh|Charlotte Strutt,<br>1st Baroness Rayleigh]]<br>(1758–1836)
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|boxstyle_D2=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |}}
{{familytree |GMK | |D3 | |GMK=George FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>Marquess of Kildare<br>(1783–1784)|D3=[[Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster|Augustus Frederick FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''3rd Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1791–1874)
{{familytree |GMK | |D3 | |GMK=George FitzGerald,<br>Marquess of Kildare<br>(1783–1784)|D3=[[Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster|Augustus Frederick FitzGerald,<br>'''3rd Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1791–1874)
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|boxstyle_D3=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | |D4 | |D4=[[Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster|Charles William FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''4th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1819–1887)
{{familytree | | | | |D4 | |D4=[[Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster|Charles William FitzGerald,<br>'''4th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1819–1887)
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|boxstyle_D4=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | |D5 | |D5=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''5th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1851–1893)
{{familytree | | | | |D5 | |D5=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald,<br>'''5th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1851–1893)
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|boxstyle_D5=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |D6 | |LDF | |D7 | |D6=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''6th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1887–1922)|LDF=Lord Desmond FitzGerald Mc Millen<br>(1888–1916)|D7=[[Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster|Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''7th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1892–1976)
{{familytree |D6 | |LDF | |D7 | |D6=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald,<br>'''6th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1887–1922)|LDF=Lord Desmond FitzGerald<br>(1888–1916)|D7=[[Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster|Edward FitzGerald,<br>'''7th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1892–1976)
|boxstyle_D6=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_D7=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_D6=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_D7=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | |D8 | |D8=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''8th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1914–2004)
{{familytree | | | | | | | | |D8 | |D8=[[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of Leinster|Gerald FitzGerald,<br>'''8th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(1914–2004)
|boxstyle_D8=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_D8=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |D9 | |LJF |D9=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>'''9th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(b. 1948)|LJF=Lord John FitzGerald Mc Millen<br>(1952–2015)
{{familytree | | | | | | |D9 | |LJF |D9=[[Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster|Maurice FitzGerald,<br>'''9th Duke of Leinster''']]<br>(b. 1948)|LJF=Lord John FitzGerald<br>(1952–2015)
|boxstyle_D9=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
|boxstyle_D9=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |TEO | |EF |TEO=[[Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly|Thomas FitzGerald Mc Millen,<br>Earl of Offaly]]<br>(1974–1997)|EF=Edward FitzGerald Mc Millen<br>(b. 1988)<br><small>''heir presumptive''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |TEO | |EF |TEO=[[Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly|Thomas FitzGerald,<br>Earl of Offaly]]<br>(1974–1997)|EF=Edward FitzGerald<br>(b. 1988)<br><small>''heir presumptive''}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{chart bottom}}
{{chart bottom}}
Line 280: Line 281:
==Coat of arms==
==Coat of arms==
[[File:Duke of Leinster coa.png|thumb|Arms of the Duke of Leinster]]
[[File:Duke of Leinster coa.png|thumb|Arms of the Duke of Leinster]]
The coat of arms of the Dukes of Leinster derives from the legend that [[John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare|John FitzGerald Mc Millen, 1st Earl of Kildare ]], as a baby in [[Woodstock Castle]], was trapped in a fire when a pet monkey rescued him. The FitzGerald Mc Millens then adopted a monkey as their crest (and later supporters) and occasionally use the additional motto ''Non immemor beneficii'' (Not forgetful of a helping hand).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burkes-peerage.net/|title=burkes-peerage.net - burkes-peerage Resources and Information.|publisher=}}</ref> The motto "Crom A Boo" comes from the medieval [[Croom Castle]] and "Abu", meaning "up" in Irish; ''Crom Abu'' was the FitzGerald Mc Millens' medieval warcry. Crom (Croom) and Shanet (Shanid) were two castles about 16 miles apart in Co Limerick, one being the seat of the Geraldines of Kildare, and the other that of the Geraldines of [[Earl of Desmond|Desmond]], whose distinctive war cries were accordingly “Crom-a-boo” and “Shanet-a-boo.” In 1495 an act of Parliament was passed (10 Hen. VII. C. 20) “to abolish the words Crom-a-boo and Butler-a-boo.” The word “Abu” or “Aboo,” an exclamation of defiance, was the usual termination of the war cries in Ireland, as in ''a' buaidh'', "to victory!"<ref>Complete Peerage. (1890) Vol III. (D-F) p358 "Fitz-Gerald of Offaly".</ref> [[Saint Patrick's Saltire]], a red saltire on a white field, may have been adapted from the Dukes arms on the 1783 creation of the [[Order of Saint Patrick]], of which the [[William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster|William FitzGerald Mc Millen, 2nd Duke of Leinster]] was the senior founder member.
The coat of arms of the Dukes of Leinster derives from the legend that [[John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare]], as a baby in [[Woodstock Castle]], was trapped in a fire when a pet monkey rescued him. The FitzGeralds then adopted a monkey as their crest (and later supporters) and occasionally use the additional motto ''Non immemor beneficii'' (Not forgetful of a helping hand).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burkes-peerage.net/|title=burkes-peerage.net - burkes-peerage Resources and Information.|publisher=}}</ref> The motto "Crom A Boo" comes from the medieval [[Croom Castle]] and "Abu", meaning "up" in Irish; ''Crom Abu'' was the FitzGeralds' medieval warcry. Crom (Croom) and Shanet (Shanid) were two castles about 16 miles apart in Co Limerick, one being the seat of the Geraldines of Kildare, and the other that of the Geraldines of [[Earl of Desmond|Desmond]], whose distinctive war cries were accordingly “Crom-a-boo” and “Shanet-a-boo.” In 1495 an act of Parliament was passed (10 Hen. VII. C. 20) “to abolish the words Crom-a-boo and Butler-a-boo.” The word “Abu” or “Aboo,” an exclamation of defiance, was the usual termination of the war cries in Ireland, as in ''a' buaidh'', "to victory!"<ref>Complete Peerage. (1890) Vol III. (D-F) p358 "Fitz-Gerald of Offaly".</ref> [[Saint Patrick's Saltire]], a red saltire on a white field, may have been adapted from the Dukes arms on the 1783 creation of the [[Order of Saint Patrick]], of which the [[William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster|2nd Duke of Leinster]] was the senior founder member.


*Escutcheon: [[Argent]] a [[saltire]] [[gules]].
*Escutcheon: [[Argent]] a [[saltire]] [[gules]].
Line 288: Line 289:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Estorick |first=Michael |date=1981 |title=Heirs & Graces: the FitzGerald Mc Millen Claim to the Dukedom of Leinster |url= |location= |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |page= |isbn=}}
* {{cite book |last=Estorick |first=Michael |date=1981 |title=Heirs & Graces: the Claim to the Dukedom of Leinster |url= |location= |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |page= |isbn=}}
* {{cite book |last=Fitzgerald |first=Alan John |date=2004 |title=Barons, Rebels & Romantics: the Mc Millens' First Thousand Years |url= |location= |publisher=1stBooks Library |page= |isbn=}}
* {{cite book |last=Fitzgerald |first=Alan John |date=2004 |title=Barons, Rebels & Romantics: the Fitzgeralds' First Thousand Years |url= |location= |publisher=1stBooks Library |page= |isbn=}}
* {{cite book |last=Dooley |first=Terence A M |date=2014 |title=The decline and fall of the dukes of Leinster, 1872-1948 : love, war, debt and madness |url= |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |page= |isbn=9781846825330 |oclc=872987047}}
* {{cite book |last=Dooley |first=Terence A M |date=2014 |title=The decline and fall of the dukes of Leinster, 1872-1948 : love, war, debt and madness |url= |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |page= |isbn=9781846825330 |oclc=872987047}}


Revision as of 08:56, 2 August 2018

This article is about the title created in 1766 for the Earl of Kildare. For the title created in 1691, see Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg.
Dukedom of Leinster
Created byGeorge III
PeeragePeerage of Ireland

Duke of Leinster (/ˈlɪnstər/;[2][3] Template:Lang-ga[4]) is a title in the Peerage of Ireland and the premier dukedom in that peerage. The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Leinster are: Marquess of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (1747), Baron Offaly (1620) and Baron Kildare, of Kildare in the County of Kildare (1870). The viscounty of Leinster is in the Peerage of Great Britain, the barony of Kildare in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, and all other titles in the Peerage of Ireland. The courtesy title of the eldest son and heir of the Duke of Leinster is Marquess of Kildare.

The family seat now is Oakley Park, near Abingdon, Oxfordshire.

Earls of Kildare from 1316

This branch of the Welsh-Norman FitzGerald dynasty, which came to Ireland in 1169, were initially created Earls of Kildare. The earldom was created in 1316 for John FitzGerald. Two senior FitzGeralds, Garret Mór FitzGerald and his son, Garret Óg FitzGerald served as Lords Deputy of Ireland, the representative of the Lord of Ireland (the King of England) in Ireland. The tenth earl, Thomas FitzGerald, known as Silken Thomas, was attainted and his honours were forfeit in 1537. In 1554, Thomas's half-brother and only male heir, Gerald FitzGerald, was created Earl of Kildare in the Peerage of Ireland. He was subsequently restored to the original letters patent in 1569, as 11th earl. The second (1554-created) earldom became extinct in 1599, although the original earldom survived.

Dukes of Leinster from 1766

The 1st Duke of Leinster.
The 2nd Duke of Leinster

The family was originally based in Maynooth Castle in Maynooth in County Kildare. In later centuries the family owned estates in Waterford with their country residence being a Georgian house called Carton House which had replaced the castle in County Kildare. In Dublin, the Earl built a large townhouse residence on the southside of Dublin called Kildare House. When the Earl was awarded a dukedom and became Duke of Leinster, the house was renamed Leinster House. One of its occupants was Lord Edward FitzGerald, who became an icon for Irish nationalism through his involvement with the Irish Rebellion of 1798, which ultimately cost him his life.

Leinster House was sold by the Leinsters in 1815. After nearly a century as the headquarters of the Royal Dublin Society, which held its famed Spring Show and Horse Show in its grounds, Oireachtas Éireann, the two chamber parliament of the new Irish Free State, rented Leinster House in 1922 to be its temporary parliament house. In 1924 it bought the building for parliamentary use. It has remained the parliament house of the Irish state.

The Dukes of Leinster had by the early 20th century lost all their property and wealth. Their Carton House seat was sold (though one of Ireland's most historic buildings with perfectly preserved 18th century grounds, it was controversially turned into a hotel and golf course in the late 1990s by the current owner in an act condemned by environmentalists),[citation needed] as later on was their other residence in Waterford. The family now live in a smaller property in Ramsden, Oxfordshire.

Title dispute

A controversial claim by the supposed descendants of the 5th Duke (largely debunked by Michael Estorick in 1981) was made and failed, with the Lord Chancellor accepting the claim made by the 9th Duke of Leinster.[6]

In 2006, a lawsuit was filed with HMG's Department of Constitutional Affairs by Theresa Pamella Caudill,[7] daughter of Eleanor and Maurice F. “Desmond” FitzGerald, on behalf of her nephew, a California builder, Paul FitzGerald, as claimant to be the rightful Duke of Leinster.[8] FitzGerald purported that he is the grandson of Lord Desmond FitzGerald, the second son of Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster, who was recorded as having been killed in action during the First World War while serving with the Irish Guards. When Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster died, mad and childless, in 1922, the Leinster dukedom [9] – and its considerable wealth and lands – devolved upon his youngest brother Lord Edward FitzGerald, who succeeded as the 7th Duke of Leinster. Paul FitzGerald and his supporters claimed that Lord Desmond faked his death and emigrated to California (by way of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) where he lived until his death in 1967. It was further claimed by Mrs Caudill that a package of documents, witnessed by the Prince of Wales and Sir Edgar Vincent, Lord Feversham, had been lodged by her father with the Crown Office of the House of Lords in 1929, and the family had been denied access to them. Mrs Caudill believed the documents included evidence that her father agreed to relinquish the title for one generation but made it clear it was to be passed down to his son, her brother Leonard Fitzgerald. Instead, it was passed down through her father's brother's family. It was alleged that an archivist had acknowledged the package had once existed, but the official line was that it was now lost.[8]

The Baron Falconer of Thoroton, Lord Chancellor (2003–2007), and Harriet Harman, Minister of State in the Department for Constitutional Affairs, gave due consideration to this claim.[10] The claim was dismissed by Lord Falconer despite a 30-year campaign by Paul FitzGerald's family reputedly costing £1.3 million. The Lord Chancellor adjudicated that the title was to remain with the existing holder, the 9th Duke, Maurice FitzGerald. Paul FitzGerald has a right of appeal against the Lord Chancellor's verdict by petitioning Her Majesty The Queen, Elizabeth II.[11]

In 2010, however, DNA evidence was presented that indicates that Paul FitzGerald is related to the wife of the 5th Duke, the former Lady Hermione Duncombe.[1] As reported in The Scotsman, "with the help of Dunfermline-based genealogist Lloyd Pitcairn, Mrs FitzGerald Caudill [Paul FitzGerald's aunt] traced Maud Crawford, the grand-daughter of Lady Hermione's younger sister Urica [sic] Duncombe. The results of the tests found that it was '41 times more probable' that Ms Crawford and Paul FitzGerald were extremely closely related than were from different families. The evidence that Paul FitzGerald is related to the family of the 5th Duke's wife is the first DNA evidence ever produced in the case, and may support Mrs FitzGerald Caudhill's long-held claim suggesting that her mysterious father was the son of Lady Hermione, the wife of the fifth Duke of Leinster."[2]

It had also previously been alleged[12] that the 9th Duke′s grandfather, the 7th Duke, was the biological son of the Earl of Wemyss and March. Had this been proven then neither the present Duke, nor any other male descendant of the 7th Duke, would be a legitimate heir of the 1st Duke of Leinster.

Earls of Kildare (1316)

Ireland in 1450, with the Earldom of Kildare shown just southwest of the Pale
Other titles: Lord of Offaly (c. 1193–?)
Other titles (11th–13th Earls): Earl of Kildare and Baron of Offaly (1554)
Other titles (20th Earl): Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747)

Marquesses of Kildare (1761)

Other titles: Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and Lord of Offaly (c. 1193–?)

Dukes of Leinster, second creation (1766)

Other titles: Marquesse of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and Lord of Offaly (c. 1193–?)
Other titles (4th Duke onwards): Baron Kildare (UK 1870)

The heir presumptive is the present holder's nephew Edward FitzGerald (born 1988), only son of Lord John FitzGerald (1952–2015)

Line of succession

  1. Edward FitzGerald (born 1988) (only son of Lord John)
  2. Peter Charles FitzGerald (born 1925) (grandson of Lord Charles FitzGerald, fifth son of the 4th Duke)
  3. Stephen Peter FitzGerald (born 1953) (only son of Peter FitzGerald)

Family tree

FitzGerald family tree: Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster
Gerald de WindsorNest ferch Rhys
Maurice FitzGerald,
Lord of Lanstephan
(c.1105–1176)
Gerald FitzMaurice,
1st Lord of Offaly
(c.1150–1204)		Thomas FitzMaurice,
Lord of O'Connelloe
(c.1175–1213)
Earl of Desmond
Maurice FitzGerald,
2nd Lord of Offaly
(1194–1257)
Maurice FitzGerald,
3rd Lord of Offaly
(1238–c.1286)		Thomas FitzGerald
(d. 1271)
EARL OF KILDARE, 1316
John FitzGerald,
4th Lord of Offaly,
1st Earl of Kildare
(1250–1316)
Thomas FitzGerald,
2nd Earl of Kildare
(d. 1328)
Richard FitzGerald,
3rd Earl of Kildare
(1317–1329)		Maurice FitzGerald,
4th Earl of Kildare
(1318–1390)
Gerald FitzGerald,
5th Earl of Kildare
(d. 1432)		John FitzGerald,
6th Earl of Kildare
(d. 1434)
Thomas FitzGerald,
7th Earl of Kildare
(c.1421–1478)
Gerald FitzGerald,
8th Earl of Kildare
(c.1456–1513)
Gerald FitzGerald,
9th Earl of Kildare
(1487–1534)
EARL OF KILDARE, 1554
Thomas FitzGerald,
10th Earl of Kildare
(1513–1537)
‘Silken Thomas’
Executed, honours forfeit		Gerald FitzGerald,
1st & 11th Earl of Kildare
(1525–1585)
New Earldom of Kildare created 1554
Ancient Earldom restored 1569		Edward FitzGerald
(1528–1590)
Henry FitzGerald,
2nd & 12th Earl of Kildare
(1562–1597)		William FitzGerald,
3rd & 13th Earl of Kildare
(d. 1599)		Gerald FitzGerald,
14th Earl of Kildare
(d. 1612)		Thomas FitzGerald
(c.1560–1619)
Gerald FitzGerald,
15th Earl of Kildare
(1611–1620)		George FitzGerald,
16th Earl of Kildare
(1612–1660)
Wentworth FitzGerald,
17th Earl of Kildare
(1634–1664)		Robert FitzGerald
(1638–1698)
John FitzGerald,
18th Earl of Kildare
(1661–1707)		Robert FitzGerald,
19th Earl of Kildare
(1675–1744)
King James VI & I
King Charles IElizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
King Charles IICharles I Louis, Elector Palatine
1st Duke of Richmond
2nd Duke of Richmond
MARQUESS OF KILDARE, 1761
DUKE OF LEINSTER, 1766		DUKE OF LEINSTER, 1691
James FitzGerald,
20th Earl & 1st Marquess of Kildare,
1st Duke of Leinster (2nd creation)
(1722–1773)		Meinhardt Schomberg,
3rd Duke of Schomberg,
1st Duke of Leinster (1st creation)
(1641–1719)
m. Lady Emily Lennoxm.(2) Caroline of the Palatinate
Baron LecaleBaron Rayleigh
George FitzGerald,
Earl of Offaly
(1748–1765)		William Robert FitzGerald,
2nd Duke of Leinster
(1749–1804)		Charles James FitzGerald,
1st Baron Lecale
(1756–1810)		Charlotte Strutt,
1st Baroness Rayleigh
(1758–1836)
George FitzGerald,
Marquess of Kildare
(1783–1784)		Augustus Frederick FitzGerald,
3rd Duke of Leinster
(1791–1874)
Charles William FitzGerald,
4th Duke of Leinster
(1819–1887)
Gerald FitzGerald,
5th Duke of Leinster
(1851–1893)
Maurice FitzGerald,
6th Duke of Leinster
(1887–1922)		Lord Desmond FitzGerald
(1888–1916)		Edward FitzGerald,
7th Duke of Leinster
(1892–1976)
Gerald FitzGerald,
8th Duke of Leinster
(1914–2004)
Maurice FitzGerald,
9th Duke of Leinster
(b. 1948)		Lord John FitzGerald
(1952–2015)
Thomas FitzGerald,
Earl of Offaly
(1974–1997)		Edward FitzGerald
(b. 1988)
heir presumptive

Coat of arms

Arms of the Duke of Leinster

The coat of arms of the Dukes of Leinster derives from the legend that John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare, as a baby in Woodstock Castle, was trapped in a fire when a pet monkey rescued him. The FitzGeralds then adopted a monkey as their crest (and later supporters) and occasionally use the additional motto Non immemor beneficii (Not forgetful of a helping hand).[13] The motto "Crom A Boo" comes from the medieval Croom Castle and "Abu", meaning "up" in Irish; Crom Abu was the FitzGeralds' medieval warcry. Crom (Croom) and Shanet (Shanid) were two castles about 16 miles apart in Co Limerick, one being the seat of the Geraldines of Kildare, and the other that of the Geraldines of Desmond, whose distinctive war cries were accordingly “Crom-a-boo” and “Shanet-a-boo.” In 1495 an act of Parliament was passed (10 Hen. VII. C. 20) “to abolish the words Crom-a-boo and Butler-a-boo.” The word “Abu” or “Aboo,” an exclamation of defiance, was the usual termination of the war cries in Ireland, as in a' buaidh, "to victory!"[14] Saint Patrick's Saltire, a red saltire on a white field, may have been adapted from the Dukes arms on the 1783 creation of the Order of Saint Patrick, of which the 2nd Duke of Leinster was the senior founder member.

  • Escutcheon: Argent a saltire gules.
  • Crest: A monkey statant proper environed about the middle with a plain collar and chained or.
  • Supporters: Two monkeys, environed and chained as in the crest.
  • Motto: Crom a boo (Now it would be spelt "Crom Abu". In English, "Up Croom", or "Croom to victory."

Further reading

  • Estorick, Michael (1981). Heirs & Graces: the Claim to the Dukedom of Leinster. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • Fitzgerald, Alan John (2004). Barons, Rebels & Romantics: the Fitzgeralds' First Thousand Years. 1stBooks Library.
  • Dooley, Terence A M (2014). The decline and fall of the dukes of Leinster, 1872-1948 : love, war, debt and madness. Dublin: Four Courts Press. ISBN 9781846825330. OCLC 872987047.

See also

References

  1. ^ Collins, Arthur (1 January 1779). "The peerage of England. 3 vols. [in 4. Sig. N6,7 of vol. 1, 3B1 of vol. 2, and 2F5,6 of vol. 3 are cancels. Sig. K5 of vol. 3 has been cancelled and replaced by a bifolium]" – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Scriven, Marcus (1 December 2009). "Splendour and Squalor: The Disgrace and Disintegration of Three Aristocratic Dynasties". Atlantic Books – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Maynooth, Archaeology in (13 December 2011). "Maynooth Castle The History Part 3".
  4. ^ Oireachtais, Tithe an. "Teach Laighean, Tithe an Oireachtais".
  5. ^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1904) [1986]. The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopædia of Armory. London: Bloomsbury Books. p. 485. ISBN 0-906223-34-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |titlelink= ignored (|title-link= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Peterkin, Tom. Battle over Irish dukedom settled, Daily Telegraph, 21 April 2007. Accessed 12 June 2008.
  7. ^ "Theresa Caudill". Retrieved 2016-08-25.
  8. ^ a b Craig, By Olga. "DNA tests and a mystery package in the £1m battle just for a duke's title". Retrieved 2016-08-25.
  9. ^ British Dukes (Holding peerages granted by the Monarch) have Dukedoms; sovereign Dukes (continental rulers of territories without any overlord, i.e. the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) have Duchies
  10. ^ Angeles, By Tom Peterkin, Ireland Correspondent and Catherine Elsworth in Los. "A Californian claimant, an 'escape' from the trenches and the fight for a dukedom". {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ American loses battle over Leinster dukedom claim - website IrishAbroad
  12. ^ Angela Lambert, Unquiet Souls (Harper & Row, 1984), page 64
  13. ^ "burkes-peerage.net - burkes-peerage Resources and Information".
  14. ^ Complete Peerage. (1890) Vol III. (D-F) p358 "Fitz-Gerald of Offaly".
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