Domain registration: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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In 1993, the [[U.S. Department of Commerce]], in conjunction with several public and private entities, created [[InterNIC]] to maintain a central database that contains all the registered domain names and the associated IP addresses in the U.S. (other countries maintain their own NICs (Network Information Centers) -- there's a link below that discusses Canada's system, for example). [[Network Solutions]], a member of InterNIC, was chosen to administer and maintain the growing number of Internet domain names and IP addresses. This central database is copied to Top Level Domain (TLD) servers around the world and creates the primary routing tables used by every computer that connects to the Internet. |
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The investment casting process, also known as Lost Wax casting, can be traced back nearly 5000 years ago which allows the creation of solid objects from moulds. Ancient societies used bees wax to cast everything from small pieces of jewellery to large statues. During the 20th Century the bees wax has been replaced with more modern polymer containing waxes that maintain good surface finishes and excellent dimensional stability. |
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Each [[ICANN]]-accredited registrar must pay a fixed fee of US$4,000 plus a variable fee. The sum of variable registrar fees is intended to total US$3.8 million.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/adopted-budget-2007-06-29-en ICANN Adopted Budget: Fiscal Year 2007—2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216221230/https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/adopted-budget-2007-06-29-en |date=February 16, 2016 }}</ref> The competition created by the shared registration system enables end users to choose from many registrars offering a range of related services at varying prices. |
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Whilst the process itself is more expensive per unit than other manufacturing processes, it is capable of producing parts in alloys that cannot be produced by any other methods. It can also produce complicated shapes that would be very difficult or impossible to achieve with other conventional manufacturing processes yet, unlike other processes, it requires little surface finishing and only minor machining. |
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== |
==Designated registrar== |
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Domain registration information is maintained by the domain name registries, which contract with domain registrars to provide registration services to the public. An end user selects a registrar to provide the registration service, and that registrar becomes the ''designated registrar'' for the domain chosen by the user. |
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Siddhi Cast Pvt. Ltd has earned reputation built up from supplying a wide spectrum of industries over the past 20 years, founder himself is well experienced in this filed since the year 1984. The company is well managed by technically & financially sound promoters, well supported by experienced engineers, technocrats & skilled committed work force. |
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Only the designated registrar may modify or delete information about domain names in a central registry database. It is not unusual for an end user to switch registrars, invoking a [[#Domain_name_transfer|domain transfer]] process between the registrars involved, that is governed by specific domain name transfer policies. |
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We supply raw castings as well fully finished castings to the nationally recognized blue chip businesses & OEMs of domestic and international customers of repute in various industrial market segments such as Automobiles, Tractors, Diesel Engines, Locomotives, Fluid Control Valves, Pumps, Dairy, Switch gears, Compressors, Railways, Defense, Medical, Aero-space, Pipe-Fittings, Kitchenware, Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration, General Engineering hardware and other emerging fields where investment casting is inevitable for quality & price advantage. We are proud to announce that we have whole range of satisfied customers both in domestic & foreign market. |
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When a registrar registers a <tt>com</tt> domain name for an end-user, it must pay a maximum annual fee of US$7.34 to [[VeriSign]], the registry operator for <tt>com</tt>, and a US$0.18 annual administration fee to ICANN. Most domain registrars price their services and products to address both the annual fees and the administration fees that must be paid to ICANN. [[Barrier to entry|Barriers to entry]] into the bulk registrar industry are high for new companies without an existing customer base.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}} |
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Siddhi Cast prefers to engage with their customer's design team & engineers to optimize the casting process & produce best cost effective casting to save on machining and secondary operations where possible. We have the experience in taking up integration of complex assemblies and fabrications redesigning them into commercially & technically viable One Piece Casting with minimum machining requirements. The material selection can also be advised on our extensive knowledge & appreciation of component applications. |
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Many registrars also offer registration through reseller affiliates. An end-user registers either directly with a registrar, or indirectly through one or more layers of resellers. As of 2010, the retail cost generally ranges from a low of about $7.50 per year to about $35 per year for a simple domain registration, although registrars often drop the price far lower – sometimes even free – when ordered with other products. |
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== Quality == |
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Siddhi Cast is ISO 9001 - 2008, PED and AD2000 Merkblatt W0 Certified Company.All industries now demand greater than ever observance of specifications on material, processing, quality control and delivery conditions.In order to satisfy these increasing requirements, Siddhi Cast operates quality control systems throughout the company. These ensure that customer requirements are met through full understanding and attention to detail at all stages of manufacture from enquiry intake to despatch of completed parts. |
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The maximum period of registration for a domain name is 10 years. Some registrars offer longer periods of up to 100 years,<ref>{{cite web| title=Protect Your Domain Name Registration Into The Next Century|url=https://www.networksolutions.com/domain-name-registration/popup-100-yr-term.jsp}}</ref> but such offers involve the registrar renewing the registration for their customer; the 100-year registration would not be in the official registration database. |
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All production processes inspection and testing procedures are controlled and fully documented. These procedures are maintained through systematic review by internal quality audits. |
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==DNS hosting== |
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All inspection and testing equipment is calibrated and traceable to national standards. We operate a spectrometer facility for the chemical analysis of materials along with outside support of CMM for the accurate dimensional measurement of parts along with shadow graph. |
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{{main|DNS hosting|Domain name system}} |
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Registration of a domain name establishes a set of [[Start of Authority]] (SOA) records in the DNS servers of the parent domain, indicating the [[IP address]] (or domain name) of DNS servers that are ''authoritative'' for the domain. This provides merely a reference for how to find the domain data – not the actual domain data. |
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Registration of a domain does not automatically imply the provision of DNS services for the registered domain. Most registrars do offer [[DNS hosting]] as an optional free service for domains registered through them. If DNS services are not offered, or the end-user opts out, the end-user is responsible for procuring or self-hosting DNS services. Without DNS services for the domain, the registration is essentially useless for Internet services, although this situation is often encountered with [[domain parking]] and [[cybersquatting]]. |
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== Industries Served == |
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· Industrial & Process. |
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· Valves & Pumps. |
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==Domain name transfer==<!--[[domain transfer]] redirects here--> |
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· Automotive. |
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A domain name transfer is the process of changing the designated registrar of a domain name. ICANN has defined a ''Policy on Transfer of Registrations between Registrars''.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Policy on Transfer of Registrations between Registrars {{!}} Takes effect 1 June 2012|url= http://www.icann.org/en/transfers/policy-en.htm|publisher= [[ICANN]]|accessdate=December 18, 2017}}</ref> The usual process of a domain name transfer is: |
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# The end user verifies that the [[whois]] admin contact info is correct, particularly the email address; obtains the authentication code ([[Transfer secret|EPP transfer code]]) from the old registrar, and removes any [[domain lock]] that has been placed on the registration. If the whois information had been out of date and is now updated, the end-user should wait 12–24 hours before proceeding further, to allow time for the updated data to propagate. |
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# The end user contacts the new registrar with the wish to transfer the domain name to their service, and supplies the authentication code. |
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# The gaining Registrar must obtain express authorization from either the Registered Name Holder or the Administrative Contact. A transfer may only proceed if confirmation of the transfer is received by the gaining Registrar from one of these contacts. The authorization must be made via a valid Standardized Form of Authorization, which may be sent e.g. by e-mail to the e-mail addresses listed in the WHOIS. The Registered Name Holder or the Administrative Contact must confirm the transfer. The new registrar starts electronically the transfer of the domain with the help of the authentication code (auth code). |
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# The old registrar will contact the end user to confirm the authenticity of this request. The end user may have to take further action with the old registrar, such as returning to the online management tools, to re-iterate their desire to proceed, in order to expedite the transfer. |
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# The old registrar will release authority to the new registrar. |
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# The new registrar will notify the end user of transfer completion. The new registrar may have automatically copied over the domain server information, and everything on the website will continue to work as before. Otherwise, the domain server information will need to be updated with the new registrar. |
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After this process, the new registrar is the domain name's designated registrar. The process may take about five days. In some cases, the old registrar may intentionally delay the transfer as long as allowable. After transfer, the domain cannot be transferred again for 60 days, except back to the previous registrar. |
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· Food processing & Pharmaceutical. |
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It is unwise to attempt to transfer a domain immediately before it expires. In some cases, a transfer can take up to 14 days, meaning that the transfer may not complete before the registration expires. This could result in loss of the domain name registration and failure of the transfer. To avoid this, end users should either transfer well before the expiration date, or renew the registration before attempting the transfer.[https://www.dyndns.com/support/kb/domain_expirations.html] |
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· Textile & printing. |
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If a domain registration expires, irrespective of the reason, it can be difficult, expensive, or impossible for the original owner to get it back. After the expiration date, the domain status often passes through several management phases, often for a period of months; usually it does not simply become generally available.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.icann.org/en/registrars/gtld-lifecycle.htm|title= ICANN Lifecycle of a gTLD domain.}}</ref> |
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· Agriculture. |
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The lists appear to all use at most 16 publicly available generic TLDs (gTLDs) that existed as of December 2009, plus .us. A February 2010 [http://www.icann.org/en/topics/new-gtlds/zfa-concept-paper-18feb10-en.pdf ICANN zone file access concept paper] explains that most country code TLD (ccTLD) registries stopped providing zone files in 2003, citing abuse. |
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· Power plant. |
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==See also== |
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· Defense. |
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*[[Domain name registry]] |
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· Medical. |
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*[[Private sub-domain registry]] |
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==References== |
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· Aerospace. |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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· Fire fighting. |
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* [http://www.internic.net/regist.html InterNIC Registrar Listing] - Directory of ICANN accredited registrars listed alphabetically by name, location, and language supported. |
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* [http://www.icann.org/registrars/accreditation-process.htm Registrar Accreditation: Process] |
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* [http://www.icann.org/registrars/accreditation-financials.htm Registrar Accreditation: Financial Considerations] |
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==Sources== |
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· Hardware Fittings. |
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*[http://www.icann.org/tlds/agreements/verisign/registry-agmt-appg-com-16apr01.htm ICANN. "Registry Operator Maximum Price Schedule" Revised VeriSign .com Registry Agreement: Appendix G. 16 April 2001.] |
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* RFC 2832 – NSI Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP) Version 1.1.0 |
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* RFC 3632 – VeriSign Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP) Version 2.0.0 |
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{{WebManTools}} |
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· Ornamental and Decoration Castings. |
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General engineering items and any investment casting applicable in various industries.{{WebManTools}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Domain Name Registrar}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Domain Name Registrar}} |
Revision as of 08:16, 19 August 2018
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2017) |
Domain registration is the process of acquiring a domain name from a domain name registrar.
History
In 1993, the U.S. Department of Commerce, in conjunction with several public and private entities, created InterNIC to maintain a central database that contains all the registered domain names and the associated IP addresses in the U.S. (other countries maintain their own NICs (Network Information Centers) -- there's a link below that discusses Canada's system, for example). Network Solutions, a member of InterNIC, was chosen to administer and maintain the growing number of Internet domain names and IP addresses. This central database is copied to Top Level Domain (TLD) servers around the world and creates the primary routing tables used by every computer that connects to the Internet.
Each ICANN-accredited registrar must pay a fixed fee of US$4,000 plus a variable fee. The sum of variable registrar fees is intended to total US$3.8 million.[1] The competition created by the shared registration system enables end users to choose from many registrars offering a range of related services at varying prices.
Designated registrar
Domain registration information is maintained by the domain name registries, which contract with domain registrars to provide registration services to the public. An end user selects a registrar to provide the registration service, and that registrar becomes the designated registrar for the domain chosen by the user.
Only the designated registrar may modify or delete information about domain names in a central registry database. It is not unusual for an end user to switch registrars, invoking a domain transfer process between the registrars involved, that is governed by specific domain name transfer policies.
When a registrar registers a com domain name for an end-user, it must pay a maximum annual fee of US$7.34 to VeriSign, the registry operator for com, and a US$0.18 annual administration fee to ICANN. Most domain registrars price their services and products to address both the annual fees and the administration fees that must be paid to ICANN. Barriers to entry into the bulk registrar industry are high for new companies without an existing customer base.[citation needed]
Many registrars also offer registration through reseller affiliates. An end-user registers either directly with a registrar, or indirectly through one or more layers of resellers. As of 2010, the retail cost generally ranges from a low of about $7.50 per year to about $35 per year for a simple domain registration, although registrars often drop the price far lower – sometimes even free – when ordered with other products.
The maximum period of registration for a domain name is 10 years. Some registrars offer longer periods of up to 100 years,[2] but such offers involve the registrar renewing the registration for their customer; the 100-year registration would not be in the official registration database.
DNS hosting
Registration of a domain name establishes a set of Start of Authority (SOA) records in the DNS servers of the parent domain, indicating the IP address (or domain name) of DNS servers that are authoritative for the domain. This provides merely a reference for how to find the domain data – not the actual domain data.
Registration of a domain does not automatically imply the provision of DNS services for the registered domain. Most registrars do offer DNS hosting as an optional free service for domains registered through them. If DNS services are not offered, or the end-user opts out, the end-user is responsible for procuring or self-hosting DNS services. Without DNS services for the domain, the registration is essentially useless for Internet services, although this situation is often encountered with domain parking and cybersquatting.
Domain name transfer
A domain name transfer is the process of changing the designated registrar of a domain name. ICANN has defined a Policy on Transfer of Registrations between Registrars.[3] The usual process of a domain name transfer is:
- The end user verifies that the whois admin contact info is correct, particularly the email address; obtains the authentication code (EPP transfer code) from the old registrar, and removes any domain lock that has been placed on the registration. If the whois information had been out of date and is now updated, the end-user should wait 12–24 hours before proceeding further, to allow time for the updated data to propagate.
- The end user contacts the new registrar with the wish to transfer the domain name to their service, and supplies the authentication code.
- The gaining Registrar must obtain express authorization from either the Registered Name Holder or the Administrative Contact. A transfer may only proceed if confirmation of the transfer is received by the gaining Registrar from one of these contacts. The authorization must be made via a valid Standardized Form of Authorization, which may be sent e.g. by e-mail to the e-mail addresses listed in the WHOIS. The Registered Name Holder or the Administrative Contact must confirm the transfer. The new registrar starts electronically the transfer of the domain with the help of the authentication code (auth code).
- The old registrar will contact the end user to confirm the authenticity of this request. The end user may have to take further action with the old registrar, such as returning to the online management tools, to re-iterate their desire to proceed, in order to expedite the transfer.
- The old registrar will release authority to the new registrar.
- The new registrar will notify the end user of transfer completion. The new registrar may have automatically copied over the domain server information, and everything on the website will continue to work as before. Otherwise, the domain server information will need to be updated with the new registrar.
After this process, the new registrar is the domain name's designated registrar. The process may take about five days. In some cases, the old registrar may intentionally delay the transfer as long as allowable. After transfer, the domain cannot be transferred again for 60 days, except back to the previous registrar.
It is unwise to attempt to transfer a domain immediately before it expires. In some cases, a transfer can take up to 14 days, meaning that the transfer may not complete before the registration expires. This could result in loss of the domain name registration and failure of the transfer. To avoid this, end users should either transfer well before the expiration date, or renew the registration before attempting the transfer.[1]
If a domain registration expires, irrespective of the reason, it can be difficult, expensive, or impossible for the original owner to get it back. After the expiration date, the domain status often passes through several management phases, often for a period of months; usually it does not simply become generally available.[4]
The lists appear to all use at most 16 publicly available generic TLDs (gTLDs) that existed as of December 2009, plus .us. A February 2010 ICANN zone file access concept paper explains that most country code TLD (ccTLD) registries stopped providing zone files in 2003, citing abuse.
See also
References
- ^ ICANN Adopted Budget: Fiscal Year 2007—2008 Archived February 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Protect Your Domain Name Registration Into The Next Century".
- ^ "Policy on Transfer of Registrations between Registrars | Takes effect 1 June 2012". ICANN. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=
(help) - ^ "ICANN Lifecycle of a gTLD domain".
External links
- InterNIC Registrar Listing - Directory of ICANN accredited registrars listed alphabetically by name, location, and language supported.
- Registrar Accreditation: Process
- Registrar Accreditation: Financial Considerations
Sources
- ICANN. "Registry Operator Maximum Price Schedule" Revised VeriSign .com Registry Agreement: Appendix G. 16 April 2001.
- RFC 2832 – NSI Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP) Version 1.1.0
- RFC 3632 – VeriSign Registry Registrar Protocol (RRP) Version 2.0.0