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{{Infobox |
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| name = Marcus Junius Pera |
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| above = Marcus Junius Pera |
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|headerstyle = background:#ccf; |
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| labelstyle = |
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| datastyle = |
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|header1 = [[Dictator]] of the [[Roman Republic]] |
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| label1 = |
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| data1 = |
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|header2 = |
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| label2 = '''In office''' |
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| data2 = 216 BC |
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|header3 = |
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| label3 = '''Magister equitum''' |
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| data3 = [[Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (consul 215 BC)|Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus]] |
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|header4 = [[Roman censor|Censor]] of the [[Roman Republic]] |
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| label4 = |
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| data4 = |
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| label5 = '''In office''' |
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| data5 = 225 BC |
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|header6 = |
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| label6 = '''Colleague''' |
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| data6 = [[Gaius Claudius Centho]] |
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|header7 = [[Consul]] of the [[Roman Republic]] |
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| label7 = |
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| data7 = |
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|header8 = |
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| label8 = '''In office''' |
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| data8 = 230 BC |
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|header9 = |
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| label9 = '''Colleague''' |
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| data9 = [[Marcus Aemilius Barbula]] |
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}} |
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'''Marcus Junius Pera''' ([[Floruit|fl.]] 230 - 216 BC) was a [[Rome|Roman]] politician during the [[Second Punic War]]. |
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==Career== |
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Pera is first recorded as holding office when he was elected as one of the [[Consul|consuls]] for the year 230 BC. During his time in office he, along with his colleague [[Marcus Aemilius Barbula]], campaigned against local tribes in [[Liguria]].<ref>Zonaras. ''Epitome Historiarum.'' 8.16.</ref> |
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He then began a 5-year term as [[Roman censor|censor]] in 225 BC, during which he and his colleague, [[Gaius Claudius Centho]], conducted a census of the Roman population. Livy reports the number of citizens as being 270,212 in the census of the time.<ref>Livy. ''Periochae''. 20.</ref> Such a large number would prove essential in [[Second Punic War]]. |
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==Dictatorship== |
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During [[Hannibal]]'s invasion of Italy during the [[Second Punic War]], the [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] general all but wiped out an 85,000-strong Roman army at the [[Battle of Cannae]] in 216 BC. In doing so, one consul, [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 219 BC)|Lucius Aemilius Paullus]], was killed and the other, [[Gaius Terentius Varro]], was entirely discredited as a military commander. |
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He was appointed [[Roman dictator|dictator]] in 216 BC, ''rei gerundae causa'', for the purpose of repelling [[Hannibal]]'s [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] forces from [[Italy]].<ref name="DillonGarland2013">{{cite book|author1=Matthew Dillon|author2=Lynda Garland|title=Ancient Rome: A Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rfPWAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA210|date=28 October 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-76136-2|pages=210–}}</ref> His master of horse (''magister equitum'') was Sempronius Gracchus.<ref>Liv. 22.57</ref><ref name="Strickland1854">{{cite book|author=Jane Margaret Strickland|title=Rome, Regal and Republican: A Family History of Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0kNX5zU4fcC&pg=PA322|year=1854|publisher=A. Hall. Virtue, & Company|pages=322–}}</ref> In order to raise soldiers, he armed not only slaves, but also criminals. He was the only dictator to serve a term simultaneously with another dictator, [[Marcus Fabius Buteo|M. Fabius Buteo]], who was appointed later that year to deal with constitutional matters in Rome. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Junia (gens)]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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* [[Livy]], [[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|''Ab Urbe Condita'']], XXII.lvii and XXIII.xxiii. |
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{{s-start}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[List of Roman Republican consuls|Consul]] of the [[Roman Republic]]|before=[[Marcus Pomponius Matho]] and [[Gaius Papirius Maso]]||after=[[Lucius Postumius Albinus (consul 234 and 229 BC)|Lucius Postumius Albinus]] and [[Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus]]|years=''with [[Marcus Aemilius Barbula]]''<br /> 230 BC}} |
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{{s-end}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Junius Pera, Marcus}} |
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[[Category:Ancient Roman dictators]] |
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[[Category:Roman Republican consuls]] |
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[[Category:Roman censors]] |
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[[Category:Junii|Pera, Marcus]] |
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[[Category:3rd-century BC Romans]] |
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[[Category:3rd-century BC rulers]] |
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