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| [[Jharkhand]] || {{INRConvert|5|c}} || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/dasraghubar/status/1030749093923053568|title=Raghubar Das, CM-JH on Twitter}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:59, 24 August 2018

2018 Kerala floods
DateJuly 2018 (2018-07) – ongoing
LocationKerala, India
CauseLow pressure
Heavy rain
Large discharge from dams
Landslides
Deaths370+
Property damage₹19,500 crore (US$2 billion)[1]
Websitewww.keralarescue.in
Monsoon rainfall that affected India from August 13 to 20, 2018
A flooded home in Kerala, India
Flood conditions in Kerala, India

In late July 2018, severe flooding affected the Indian state of Kerala due to unusually high rainfall during the monsoon season. It was the worst flooding in Kerala in nearly a century,[2] in which over 373 people died[3] within a fortnight, while at least 280,679[3][4] people were evacuated, mainly from Chengannur,[5] Pandanad,[6] Aranmula, Aluva, Chalakudy, Kuttanad and Pandalam. All 14 districts of the state were placed on high alert.[7][8] According to Kerala government sources, one-sixth of the total population of Kerala had been directly affected by the floods and related incidents.[9]

Thirty-five out of the forty-two dams within the state were opened for the first time in history. All five overflow gates of the Idukki Dam were opened at the same time, for the first time in 26 years.[10] Heavy rains in Wayanad and Idukki have caused severe landslides and have left the hilly districts isolated.[11][9] The situation was regularly monitored by the Prime Minister and the National Crisis Management Committee coordinated the rescue and relief operations.[12]

Responding to the chaos around the issue of rejecting foreign assistance to the Kerala floods, the government of India, in line with the existing foreign as well as domestic policy, made it clear that it won't accept any assistance from foreign governments but is fully committed to the relief and rehabilitation by domestic resources and efforts. However, it accepts all sorts of contributions as well as humanitarian aid from individuals,[13] NGOs and PIOs world wide.[14]

Causes

Kerala received heavy monsoon rainfall on the mid evening of August 8 resulting in dams filling to capacity; in the first 24 hours of rainfall the state received 310 mm (12 in) of rain.[15] Almost all dams have been opened since the water level has risen close to overflow level due to heavy rainfall, flooding local low-lying areas.[16] For the first time in the state's history, 35 of its 42 dams have been opened.[17]

Most of the regions affected by this monsoon were classified as ecologically-sensitive zones (ESZs) by the the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, the Gadgil Committee. Most of the recommendations and directions by the commitee was either neglected or rejected. Chairman of the committee Madhav Gadgil accused the state government and its irresponsible environmental policy for the recent landslides and floods. He called it a "man-made calamity".[18][19][20]

The the state government of Kerala aurgued in the Supreme Court that the sudden release of water from the Mullaperiyar Dam by the Tamil Nadu government was one of the reasons for the devastating flood in Kerala.[9]

Impact

Aerial view of the flood
Red alert issued by India Meteorological Department (earlier in August)

A state official told AFP that 370 people have died, while the The Economic Times has reported that 33,000 people have been rescued.[7][21][22] The Kerala State Disaster Management Authority has placed the state in a red alert as a result of the intense flooding.[23] A number of water treatment plants were forced to cease pumping water, resulting in poor access to clean water, especially in northern districts of the region.[24] Over 5,645 relief camps[3] have been opened at various locations to accommodate the flood victims. It is estimated that 1,247,496 people[3] have found shelter in such camps.[25][26] The flooding has affected hundreds of villages, destroyed an estimated 10,000 km (6,200 mi) of roads and thousands of homes have been damaged or destroyed.[23] The Government has cancelled Onam celebrations, whose allocated funds have been reallocated to relief efforts.[27]

Industry

On August 15, Cochin International Airport, India's fourth busiest in terms of international traffic, and the busiest in the state suspended all operations until 26 August, following runway flooding.[7] Many schools throughout the state have been closed, and tourists have been dissuaded or banned from some districts due to safety concerns.[21] The Kochi Metro closed briefly on August 16, and has since begun offering free service to aid those affected by the flooding.[17] Due to heavy rain and rising water levels the southern railway has suspended train services on Thiruvananthapuram-Kottayam-Ernakulam and Ernakulam-Shoranur-Palakkad sections.[28]

Over 80% of the state has been cut off from power supply.[29] An orange weather alert has been issued in 11 of the 14 districts of the state.[30]

Religious

Trekking in the Hindu pilgrimage centre of Sabrimala has been stopped due to the overflow of the nearby Pamba River.[31]

Rescue

Southern Naval Command initiates Operation Madad in Kerala
A relief camp in Padivattom, Kochi

Being instructed by the Cabinet Secretary, Senior officers of Defence Services, NDRF, NDMA and Secretaries of Civilian Ministries conducted meetings with Kerala Chief Secretary. Following the decisions taken during these meetings, the Centre launched massive rescue and relief operations. In one of the largest rescue operations, 40 helicopters, 31 aircraft, 182 teams for rescue, 18 medical teams of defense forces, 58 teams of NDRF, 7 companies of Central Armed Police Forces were pressed into service along with over 500 boats and necessary rescue equipments.[12] Totally, 60,000 people are rescued them from marooned areas and was shifted to relief camps.

Additionally, 52 rescue teams of central forces including units of the Indian Army and the Indian Navy and state governed forces like Kerala Police , Kerala Fire and Rescue Services assisted the civilian administration in rescue work and restoration.[7] In addition to the 10 teams of the National Disaster Response Force, four additional teams were airlifted from Guntur and Arakkonam to assist the Ernakulam district administration. The Centre reached out to Kerala, offering a helping hand to tackle the situation. Union Minister for Home Affairs Rajnath Singh conducted an aerial survey of Idukki and Ernakulam districts along with Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan.[32][33]

Fisherman from Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam districts takes part in the rescue operations with their boats and rescued several who were trapped in their homes amid rising waters at a time. Kerala Government calls the fishermen as "Coastal warriors " of Kerala and announced financial aid for their support and effort in the rescue mission.[34]

Mananthavady and Vythiri in the hilly Wayanad district have been totally cut-off, with roads washed away.[35]

According to the latest official figures, more than 800,000 people have been lodged in over 4,000 relief camps across 14 districts.[32][36] On August 19, the state's Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan vowed "to save even the last person stranded."[37]

Animals

The Sally Varma of Humane Society International arranged for animals to be rescued and transported to special shelters that housed affected animals. Social media has been used to highlight the rescue of multiple animals - dogs, cats, goats, cows, cattle, ducks and snakes, with animal feed and medicine transported to affected areas.[38]

A worker with the Humane Society International spoke out against the tethering and leaving of pets that occurred. "That became a problem. So many tethered animals just drowned. These animals are natural swimmers, and it is better to keep them free so they can swim to higher ground." According to government records more than 8,000 cattle, calves and buffaloes, 3,297 goats, and 47 dogs have died due to the flooding.[38]

The District Collector of Malappuram, and its Chief of Police have instructed the police force to save any animal that they encounter during rescue operations.[39]

Relief and monetary aid

  • The Government of Kerala started a donation website for flood victims.[40] Google, Facebook and e-commerce websites Amazon, Flipkart, BigBasket, Airtel Payments Bank, Paytm and Tez have also provided an option for donation for relief efforts on their respective platforms.[41]
  • Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi announced a sum of ₹500 crore (US$60 million) as interim relief for Kerala on 18 August 2018. This is in addition to ₹100 crore (US$12 million) announced by the Home Minister on 12 August 2018.[42] The central government also said that ₹600 crore (US$72 million) released was only the advance assistance and that additional funds would be released by the NDRF when an inter-ministerial team visits again and assesses the damage.[12]
  • Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan informed that vice president and prime minister of the United Arab Emirates HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE's Armed Forces HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan expressed solidarity on Twitter and also offered an amount of ₹700 crore (US$84 million) for assistance towards relief works.[43]
  • Major oil companies of India such as BPCL, HPCL, IOCL and others have collectively donated ₹25 crore (US$3.0 million) to the Kerala Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund, in addition to providing relief materials and helping in rescue operations.[44][45][46]
  • Reliance Foundation chairperson Nita Ambani has announced a donation of ₹21 crore (US$2.5 million) to the Kerala Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund, besides relief materials worth around ₹50 crore (US$6.0 million).[47]
  • Star India and its employees increased the donation amount from ₹2 crore (US$240,000) to ₹5 crore (US$600,000) along with its parent company 21st Century Fox for flood relief and rehabilitation efforts.[48]
  • Indian polymath and Bollywood actor Sushant Singh Ratput has donated ₹1 crore (US$120,000) to the Kerala Chief Minister's relief fund on behalf of an Instagram fan.[49][50][51][52][53]& sends his team[54] for relief activity in Kerala.
  • KP Hussain, chairman of Fathima Healthcare Group, has donated ₹1 crore (US$120,000) to the Kerala Chief Minister's relief fund, while another ₹4 crore (US$480,000) he has allocated for medical relief aid.[55]
  • Billionaire doctor, entrepreneur and philanthropist Dr. Shamsheer Vayalil will donate ₹50 crore (US$6.0 million) for the relief of flood victims by setting up a project to fight housing, education and healthcare issues. This is the largest individual contribution so far.[56]
  • UAE-based Indian tycoons and businesses have donated ₹18.85 crore (US$2.3 million) so far to Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Foundation's relief fund. Among those to donate were Indian businessmen Yusuff Ali M.A., chairman and managing director of LuLu Group International, and Dr. B. R. Shetty, founder and chairman of NMC Health, who each gave ₹9.78 crore (US$1.2 million).[57]
  • Indian cricket team captain, Virat Kohli, dedicated his team's test win over England at Trent Bridge to the flood victims of Kerala.[58] Indian team is planning to donate match fees for Kerala flood victims.[59]
  • Many Members of Parliament, Members of State Legislative Assemblies and Councils, civil servants and government employees across the country have also donated their one month's salary and/or allowances towards Kerala Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund.[60][61][62]
  • Chief Ministers of almost all the states and UTs have pledged for monetary contributions from their respective state funds in addition to dispatch of various relief materials such as potable water, blankets, packed food, rice, water-purifying machines, daily-use and healthcare products. Monetary contributions are listed below:
State/Union Territory Amounts Refs
Andhra Pradesh ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [63]
Arunachal Pradesh ₹3 crore (US$360,000) [64]
Assam ₹3 crore (US$360,000) [65]
Bihar ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [66]
Chhattisgarh ₹3 crore (US$360,000) [67]
Delhi ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [68]
Goa ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [69]
Gujarat ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [70]
Haryana ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [71]
Himachal Pradesh ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [72]
Jammu and Kashmir ₹2 crore (US$240,000) [73]
Jharkhand ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [74]
Karnataka ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million)
Madhya Pradesh ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [75]
Maharashtra ₹20 crore (US$2.4 million) [76]
Manipur ₹2 crore (US$240,000) [77]
Mizoram ₹2 crore (US$240,000) [78]
Nagaland ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [79]
Odisha ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [80]
Puducherry ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [81]
Punjab ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [82]
Rajasthan ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [83]
Tamil Nadu ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [84]
Telangana ₹25 crore (US$3.0 million) [85]
Tripura ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [86]
Uttar Pradesh ₹15 crore (US$1.8 million) [87]
Uttarakhand ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [88]
West Bengal ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million) [89]
Total ₹211 crore (US$25 million)

Response

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi being received by the Governor of Kerala P. Sathasivam and the Chief Minister of Kerala, Pinarayi Vijayan, on his arrival, in Kochi, to survey the flood-affected areas, on 18 August 2018.

At a press conference on 11 August, Chief Secretary Tom Jose said, "Things are well under control. The government is on top of the situation."[90] Prime Minister Narendra Modi conducted an aerial survey and offered federal support to Kerala. Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan described the floods as "something that has never happened before in the history of Kerala" and placed some of the blame on neighbouring Tamil Nadu for not releasing excess water from the State-operated Mullaperiyar dam, which worsened the situation.[21]

International

The United States embassy urged its citizens to avoid travelling to the affected areas.[91] The UAE embassy in India also issues warning for its citizens regarding the flood. The embassy said that the weather agencies in India have given warnings regarding heavy rain fall in the southern state of Kerala.[92] The President of UAE His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan has instructed the formation of a national emergency committee to provide relief assistance to people affected by flash floods in the Indian state of Kerala. According to Sheikh Khalifa's instructions, the committee will be chaired by the Emirates Red Crescent (ERC), and include representatives from the UAE's humanitarian organisations. [93] Imran Khan, the newly elected Prime minister of Pakistan expressed his grief at the loss of lives in Kerala floods, and he said his country is ready to provide any humanitarian assistance if needed.[94]

Rainfall data

Rainfall departures

Week by week departures from normal (%) (date indicates the end of the week)[95]

50
100
150
200
250
300
6/6
6/13
6/20
6/27
7/4
7/11
7/18
7/25
8/1
8/8
8/15

Cumulative rainfall by district

Cumulative rainfall by district
(1 June 2018 – 17 August 2018)[96][97]
District Rainfall
(mm)		 Normal
(mm)		 % increase
Alappuzha 1648.1 1309.5 29%
Ernakulam 2305.9 1606.0 48%
Idukki 3211.1 1749.1 89%
Kannur 2450.9 2234.9 10%
Kasaragod 2549.94 2489.1 12%
Kollam 1427.3 985.4 51%
Kottayam 2137.6 1452.6 50%
Kozhikode 2796.4 2156.5 30%
Malappuram 2529.8 1687.3 52%
Palakkad 2135.0 1254.2 75%
Pathanamthitta 1762.7 1287.5 44%
Thiruvananthapuram 920.8 643.0 45%
Thrissur 1894.5 1738.2 16%
Wayanad 2676.8 2167.2 26%
Kerala 2226.4 1620.0 41%

See also

References

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