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== Sovereign rule ==
== Sovereign rule ==


[[Prince]]s Troubetzkoy descend from [[Demetrius I Starshiy]], one of [[Algirdas]] sons, who ruled the [[town]]s of [[Bryansk]] and [[Starodub]]. He was killed together with his elder sons in the unfortunate [[Battle of the Vorskla River]] ([[1399]]). Demetrius' descendants continued to rule the town of [[Trubchevsk]] until the [[1530s]], when they had to [[convert]] to [[Roman Catholicism]] or leave their [[patrimony]] and [[settle (furniture)|settle]] in [[Moscow]]. They chose the latter, and were accepted with great [[ceremony]] at the [[court]] of [[Vasily III of Russia]].
[[Prince]]s Troubetzkoy descend from [[Demetrius I Starshiy]], one of [[Algirdas]] sons, who ruled the [[town]]s of [[Bryansk]] and [[Starodub]]. He was killed together with his elder sons in the unfortunate [[Battle of the Vorskla River]] ([[1399]]). Demetrius' descendants continued to rule the town of [[Trubetsk]] until the [[1530s]], when they had to [[convert]] to [[Roman Catholicism]] or leave their [[patrimony]] and [[settle (furniture)|settle]] in [[Moscow]]. They chose the latter, and were accepted with great [[ceremony]] at the [[court]] of [[Vasily III of Russia]].


== [[Time of Troubles]] ==
== [[Time of Troubles]] ==
Line 13: Line 13:
Undoubtedly the most prominent of early Troubetzkoys was Prince '''[[Dmitry Timofeievich Troubetzkoy|Dmitry Timofeievich]]''' (9th [[generation]] from [[Gediminas]]), who helped Prince [[Dmitry Pozharsky]] to rise a [[volunteer]] [[army]] and deliver [[Moscow]] from the [[Poles]] in [[1612]]. The [[Time of Troubles]] over, Dmitry was addressed by [[person|people]] as "Liberator of the Motherland" and asked to accept the [[Tsar]]'s [[throne]]. He contented himself, however, with the [[governor]]ship of [[Siberia]] and the [[title]] of the [[Duke]] (''derzhavets'') of [[Shenkursk]]. Prince Dmitry died on [[May 24]], [[1625]] and was interred in the [[Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra]].
Undoubtedly the most prominent of early Troubetzkoys was Prince '''[[Dmitry Timofeievich Troubetzkoy|Dmitry Timofeievich]]''' (9th [[generation]] from [[Gediminas]]), who helped Prince [[Dmitry Pozharsky]] to rise a [[volunteer]] [[army]] and deliver [[Moscow]] from the [[Poles]] in [[1612]]. The [[Time of Troubles]] over, Dmitry was addressed by [[person|people]] as "Liberator of the Motherland" and asked to accept the [[Tsar]]'s [[throne]]. He contented himself, however, with the [[governor]]ship of [[Siberia]] and the [[title]] of the [[Duke]] (''derzhavets'') of [[Shenkursk]]. Prince Dmitry died on [[May 24]], [[1625]] and was interred in the [[Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra]].


Quite different was a [[stance]] of his first [[cousin]], Prince '''[[Wigund-Jeronym Trubchevsky]]''' (Yury Nikitich). He supported the Poles and followed them to [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] after the [[Time of Troubles]]. Here his descendants were given enviable positions at the [[court]] and married into other princely families of [[Poland]]. By [[1660s]], however, the only Troubetzkoy left, Prince [[Yuriy Trubetskoy]], returned to [[Moscow]] and was given a [[boyar]] title by Tsar [[Alexis I of Russia]]. All the branches of the family descend from his [[marriage]] to [[Princess]] [[Irina Golitsyna|Irina]] [[Galitzine]].
Quite different was a [[stance]] of his first [[cousin]], Prince '''[[Wigund-Jeronym Trubetsky]]''' (Yury Nikitich). He supported the Poles and followed them to [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] after the [[Time of Troubles]]. Here his descendants were given enviable positions at the [[court]] and married into other princely families of [[Poland]]. By [[1660s]], however, the only Troubetzkoy left, Prince [[Yuriy Trubetskoy]], returned to [[Moscow]] and was given a [[boyar]] title by Tsar [[Alexis I of Russia]]. All the branches of the family descend from his [[marriage]] to [[Princess]] [[Irina Golitsyna|Irina]] [[Galitzine]].


== Troubetzkoys as [[Freemasons|Freemasonry]] ==
== Troubetzkoys as [[Freemasons|Freemasonry]] ==
Line 48: Line 48:
**[[Demetrius I Starshiy]] (1327–1399)
**[[Demetrius I Starshiy]] (1327–1399)
* 3
* 3
**[[Andrzej Trubecki|Andrey Trubchevsky]] (14th century – 1399)
**[[Mikhail Trubetsky]] (14th century – ?)
**[[Ivan Trubchevsky]]
**[[Ivan Trubetsky]] (14th century – 1399)
**[[Mikhail Trubchevsky]] (14th century – ?)
**[[Andrzej Trubetsky|Andrey Trubetsky]] (14th century – 1399)
* 4
* 4
**[[Simeon Trubchevsky]] (14th century – after 1411)
**[[Symeon Trubetsky]] (14th century – after 1411)
* 5
* 5
**[[Ivan Simeonovich Trubchevsky|Ivan Trubchevsky]] (15th century – 16th century)
**[[Ivan Symeonovich Trubetsky]] (15th century – 16th century)
* 6
* 6
**[[Symeon Ivanovich Trubetsky]] (16th century – 1539)
**[[Andrzej Iwanowicz Trubecki|Andrey Trubchevsky]] (?–1546)
**[[Andrzej Iwanowicz Trubetsky|Andrey Ivanovich Trubetsky]] (?–1546)
**[[Fiodor Trubecki|Fyodor Trubchevsky]] (?–1541)
**[[Iwan Iwanowicz Trubecki|Ivan Trubchevsky]] (?–1513)
**[[Iwan Iwanowicz Trubetsky|Ivan Ivanovich Trubetsky]] (?–1513)
**[[Simeon Ivanovich Trubchevsky|Simeon Trubchevsky]] (16th century – 1539)
**[[Fiodor Ivanovich Trubetsky]] (?–1541)
* 7
* 7
**[[Roman Trubchevsky]] (16th century – ?)
**[[Roman Trubetsky]] (16th century – ?)
* 8
* 8
**[[Nikita Kosoj Trubetsky]] (16th century – 1608)
**[[Aleksandr Trubchevsky]]
**[[Mikhail Trubchevsky]] (?–1565)
**[[Timofiej Trubetsky]] (?–1602)
**[[Wasyl Trubetsky|Vasiliy Trubetsky]]
**[[Nikita Kosoy Trubchevsky]] (16th century – 1608)
**[[Aleksander Trubetsky]]
**[[Timofey Trubchevsky]] (?–1602)
**[[Michał Romanowicz Trubetsky|Mikhail Romanovich Trubetsky]] (?–1565)
**[[Vasiliy Trubchevsky]]
* 9
* 9
**[[Aleksander-Mercurius Trubczewski]] (?–1610)
**[[Aleksander-Mercurius Trubecki|Aleksander-Mercurius Trubetsky]] (?–1610)
**[[Aleksey Trubchevsky]] (1600s–1680)
**[[Dmitry Timofeievich Troubetzkoy]] (?–1625)
**[[Dmitry Timofeievich Troubetzkoy]] (?–1625)
**[[Wigund-Jeronym Trubetsky]] (16th century – 1634)
**[[Fyodor Nikitich Trubchevsky|Fyodor Trubchevsky]] (?–1608)
**[[Fiodor Trubetsky]] (?–1608)
**[[Wigund-Jeronym Trubchevsky]] (16th century – 1634)
**[[Aleksey Trubetskoy]] (1600s–1680)
* 10
* 10
**[[Pyotr Trubchevsky]] (?–1644)
**[[Piotr Trubetsky]] (?–1644)
* 11
* 11
**[[Yuriy Trubetskoy]] (ca 1643–1679)
**[[Yuriy Trubetskoy]] (ca 1643–1679)
* 12
* 12
**[[Ivan Bolshoy Troubetzkoy]] (1667–1750)
**[[Ivan Trubetskoy|Ivan Bolshoy Troubetzkoy]] (1667–1750)
**[[Yuri Troubetzkoy]] (1668–1739)
**[[Yuri Troubetzkoy]] (1668–1739)
* 13
* 13
**[[Alexandre Troubetzkoy]] (1727–1750)
**[[Alexey Troubetzkoy]] (1700–1776)
**[[Dmitry Troubetzkoy]] (1724–1792)
**[[Ivan Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Ivan Menshoy Troubetzkoy]] (1703–1744)
**[[Jakov Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Maria Tcherkassky]] (1696–1747)
**[[Maria Tcherkassky]] (1696–1747)
**[[Nikita Trubetskoy]] (1699–1767)
**[[Nikita Trubetskoy]] (1699–1767)
**[[Ivan Menshoy Troubetzkoy]] (1703–1744)
**[[Alexey Troubetzkoy]] (1700–1776)
**[[Praskovia Saltykov]] (1704–1767)
**[[Praskovia Saltykov]] (1704–1767)
**[[Ivan Betskoy]] (1704–1795)
**[[Jakov Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Dmitry Troubetzkoy]] (1724–1792)
**[[Alexandre Troubetzkoy]] (1727–1750)
* 14
* 14
**[[Alexandre Troubetzkoy 1723|Alexandre Troubetzkoy]] (1723–1726)
**[[Alexandre Troubetzkoy 1723|Alexandre Troubetzkoy]] (1723–1726)
**[[Piotr Troubetzkoy]] (1724–1791)
**[[Ivan Troubetzkoy]] (1725–1803)
**[[Sergei Troubetzkoy]] (1731–1812)
**[[Alexandre Troubetzkoy 1733|Alexandre Troubetzkoy]] (1733–1737)
**[[Alexandre Troubetzkoy 1733|Alexandre Troubetzkoy]] (1733–1737)
**[[Alexandre Troubetzkoy 1751|Alexandre Troubetzkoy]] (1751–1778)
**[[Yuri Nikitich Troubetzkoy]] (1736–1811)
**[[Anna Naryshkina]] (1737–1760)
**[[Anna Naryshkina]] (1737–1760)
**[[Ekaterina Troubetzkoy]] (1747–1791)
**[[Nikolay Troubetzkoy 1737|Nikolay Troubetzkoy]] (1737–1742)
**[[Maria Troubetzkoy]] (1742–1742)
**[[Elena Troubetzkoy]] (1744–1744)
**[[Elena Troubetzkoy]] (1744–1744)
**[[Elena Vyazemsky]] (1745–1832)
**[[Ivan Troubetzkoy]] (1725–1803)
**[[Maria Troubetzkoy]] (1742–1742)
**[[Nikolay Troubetzkoy]] (1744–1821)
**[[Nikolay Troubetzkoy]] (1744–1821)
**[[Elena Vyazemsky]] (1745–1832)
**[[Nikolay Troubetzkoy 1737|Nikolay Troubetzkoy]] (1737–1742)
**[[Ekaterina Troubetzkoy]] (1747–1791)
**[[Alexandre Troubetzkoy 1751|Alexandre Troubetzkoy]] (1751–1778)
**[[Nikolay Ivanovich Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Nikolay Ivanovich Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Piotr Troubetzkoy]] (1724–1791)
**[[Sergei Troubetzkoy]] (1731–1812)
**[[Vasily Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Vasily Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Yuri Nikitich Troubetzkoy|Yuri Troubetzkoy]] (1736–1811)
* 15
* 15
**[[Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy|Piotr Troubetzkoy]] (1773–1801)
**[[Pyotr Sergeyevich Troubetzkoy]] (1760–1817)
**[[Pyotr Sergeyevich Troubetzkoy]] (1760–1817)
**[[Piotr Nikolaievich Troubetzkoy]] (1773–1801)
**[[Ivan Nicolaievich Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Ivan Nicolaievich Troubetzkoy]]
* 16
* 16
**[[Sergei Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1790–1860)
**[[Alexander Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1792–1853)
**[[Alexander Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1792–1853)
**[[Pyotr Petrovich Troubetzkoy 1793|Pyotr Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1793–1840)
**[[Anna Kozhoukhova]] (1793–1827)
**[[Anna Kozhoukhova]] (1793–1827)
**[[Elisaveta Petrovna Troubetzkaya]] (1794 - after 1870)
**[[Elisaveta Petrovna Troubetzkaya]] (1794 - after 1870)
**[[Pavel Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1795-1802)
**[[Yuri Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1796–1859)
**[[Grigory Troubetzkoy]] (1802–1874)
**[[Grigory Troubetzkoy]] (1802–1874)
**[[Nikita Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1804–1855/1886)
**[[Nikita Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1804–1855/1886)
**[[Pavel Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1795-1802)
**[[Pyotr Ivanovich Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Pyotr Ivanovich Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Pyotr Petrovich Troubetzkoy 1793|Pyotr Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1793–1840)
**[[Sergei Petrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1790–1860)
**[[Yuri Petrovich Troubetzkoy|Yuri Troubetzkoy]] (1796–1859)
* 17
* 17
**[[Pyotr Pyotrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1822-1892)
**[[Alexandra Sergeyevna Troubetzkaya]] (1830-1860)
**[[Alexandra Sergeyevna Troubetzkaya]] (1830-1860)
**[[Elisaveta Sergeyevna Troubetzkaya]] (1834-1918)
**[[Elisaveta Sergeyevna Troubetzkaya]] (1834-1918)
**[[Zenaida Sergeyevna Troubetzkaya]] (1837-1924)
**[[Nestor Troubetzkoy]] (ca 1840–1907)
**[[Ivan Sergeyevich Troubetzkoy]] (1843–1874)
**[[Ivan Sergeyevich Troubetzkoy]] (1843–1874)
**[[Nestor Troubetzkoy]] (ca 1840–1907)
**[[Pyotr Pyotrovich Troubetzkoy]] (1822-1892)
**[[Zenaida Sergeyevna Troubetzkaya]] (1837-1924)
* 18
* 18
**[[Tatiana Troubetzkoy]] (1848-1848)
**[[Elena de Gontaud-Biron]] (1849-1934)
**[[Elena de Gontaud-Biron]] (1849-1934)
**[[Gerasim Troubetzkoy]] (1870s – 20th century)
**[[Ludwig Troubetzkoy]] (1867–1959)
**[[Maria Prozorovsky-Galitsyn]] (1853-1933)
**[[Maria Prozorovsky-Galitsyn]] (1853-1933)
**[[Pierre Troubetzkoy]] (1864–1936)
**[[Pierre Troubetzkoy]] (1864–1936)
**[[Pietro Troubetzkoy Hahn]] (1886–1953)
**[[Paolo Troubetzkoy]] (1866—1938)
**[[Paolo Troubetzkoy]] (1866—1938)
**[[Ludwig Troubetzkoy]] (1867–1959)
**[[Gerasim Troubetzkoy]] (1870s – 20th century)
**[[Pawel Troubetzkoy]] (1879–1941)
**[[Pawel Troubetzkoy]] (1879–1941)
**[[Tatiana Troubetzkoy]] (1848-1848)
**[[Pietro Troubetzkoy Hahn]] (1886–1953)
* 19
* 19
**[[Aleksander Troubetzkoy]] (1913–1941)
**[[Nikolai Trubetzkoy]] (1890-1938)
**[[Yury Nolden]] (1902-1974)
**[[Iwan Mihkel Troubetzkoy]] (1906–1971)
**[[Anjuta Gorbacheva]] (1908–2004)
**[[Anjuta Gorbacheva]] (1908–2004)
**[[Aleksander Troubetzkoy]] (1913–1941)
**[[Vladimir Waloc Trubetsky]] (1915–1997)
**[[Giulio Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Giulio Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Iwan Mihkel Troubetzkoy]] (1906–1971)
**[[Nikolai Trubetzkoi]] (1890-1938)
**[[Piero Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Piero Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Vladimir Waloc Trubetsky]] (1915–1997)
**[[Yury Nolden]] (1902-1974)
* 20
* 20
**[[Jaan Trubetsky]] (b. 1938)
**[[Erich Trubetsky]] (b. 1940)
**[[Erich Trubetsky]] (b. 1940)
**[[Isabella Hitzel]] (b. 1956)
**[[Isabella Hitzel]] (b. 1956)
**[[Jaan Trubetsky]] (b. 1938)
**[[Roberto Troubetzkoy]]
**[[Roberto Troubetzkoy]]
* 21
* 21
**[[Wladimir Troubetzkoy]] (b. 1942)
**[[Scylla Trubecka]]
**[[Toivo Trubetsky]]
**[[Tõnu Trubetsky]] (b. 1963)
**[[Toomas Trubetsky]] (b. 1968)
**[[Toomas Trubetsky]] (b. 1968)
**[[Scylla Trubecka]]
**[[Tõnis Trubetsky]]
**[[Tõnis Trubetsky]]
**[[Tõnu Trubetsky]] (b. 1963)
**[[Toivo Trubetsky]]
* 22
**[[Wladimir Troubetzkoy]]
* 22
**[[Edyta Ingrida Trubetsky]] (b. 2005)
**[[Madeleine Angelique Trubetsky]] (b. 1993)
**[[Reginleif Trubetsky]] (b. 1989)
**[[Reginleif Trubetsky]] (b. 1989)
**[[Tõnu Trubetsky 1990|Tõnu Trubetsky]] (b. 1990)
**[[Tõnu Trubetsky 1990|Tõnu Trubetsky]] (b. 1990)
**[[Madeleine Angelique Trubetsky]] (b. 1993)
**[[Edyta Ingrida Trubetsky]] (b. 2005)


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 171: Line 171:
*[[Gediminids]]
*[[Gediminids]]
*[[Palemonids]]
*[[Palemonids]]
*[[Trubchevsk]]
*[[Trubetsk]]


== External links ==
== External links ==


:[http://www.berdyaev.com/berdiaev/berd_lib/1930_352.html Nikolai Berdyaev, "In Memory of Prince G. N. Trubetskoy"]
*[http://www.berdyaev.com/berdiaev/berd_lib/1930_352.html Nikolai Berdyaev, "In Memory of Prince G. N. Trubetskoy"]
:[http://perso.chello.fr/users/s/sbelosselsky/troubetz.htm Coat of arms of Troubetzkoy]
*[http://www.scubaone.com/AnseChastanet Caribbean Travel Specialists (about architect Nick Troubetzkoy)]
:[http://imgs.sapo.pt/genealogia/familias/fam_6856.jpg Coat of arms of Troubetzkoy]
*[http://perso.chello.fr/users/s/sbelosselsky/troubetz.htm Coat of arms of Troubetzkoy]
:[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/russia/trubets1.html Genealogy of the house of Troubetzkoy]
*[http://imgs.sapo.pt/genealogia/familias/fam_6856.jpg Coat of arms of Troubetzkoy]
:[http://www.gosiewski.pl/scylla_pl.htm#scylla Scylla Trubecka]
*[http://www.lago-reisen.de/verkaufsliste.html Ferienanlage Villa Ada Troubetzkoy]
:[http://images.google.com/images?q=Troubetzkoy&hl=en&lr=&sa=N&tab=wi Troubetzkoy]
*[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/russia/trubets1.html Genealogy of the house of Troubetzkoy]
*[http://www.interet-general.info/article.php3?id_article=2452 Interview : Marc Sageman s’exprime à propos du terrorisme, par Kyra DUPONT TROUBETZKOY]
:[http://genealog.home.pl/g.pl?kd=4&ra=20307 Trubecki]
*[http://www.ansechastanet.com/excursions.html Mrs Troubetzkoy on top of Gros Piton]
:[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/russia/trubets2.html Trubetskoy]
*[http://www.gosiewski.pl/scylla_pl.htm#scylla Scylla Trubecka]
:[http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&lr=&q=Trubetsky&btnG=Search Trubetsky]
*[http://www.co-opliving.com/coopliving/issues/2004/MarchApril%202004/downhome.htm Sergei Troubetzkoy, executive director of the Staunton Convention and Visitors Bureau]
*[http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2004/02/19/coverCityOnAHillIsStaunton.html Staunton's Director of Tourism Sergei Troubetzkoy]
*[http://www.comune.verbania.it/citta/galleria_fotografica/pagina12-201.html Suna - Via Troubetzkoy]
*[http://www.pbnco.com/eng/offices/moscow/growing_up_in_moscow.php The House of the Trubetsky Family (Usadba Trubetskikh)]
*[http://images.google.com/images?q=Troubetzkoy&hl=en&lr=&sa=N&tab=wi Troubetzkoy]
*[http://genealog.home.pl/gd/szablony/rodzina.php?lang=pl&id=20307 Trubecki]
*[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/russia/trubets2.html Trubetskoy]
*[http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&lr=&q=Trubetsky&btnG=Search Trubetsky]
*[http://www.larioonline.it/english/como/blevio.html#Troubetzkoy Villa Troubetzkoy]


[[Category:Trubetskoy| ]]
[[Category:Trubetskoy| ]]

Revision as of 11:48, 5 November 2006

File:Coat of arms of Trubecki.jpg
Troubetzkoy Coat of Arms.
Pogoń Litewska Coat of Arms

Trubetskoy (English), Трубецкой (Russian), Troubetzkoy (French), Trubetzkoy (German), Trubetsky (Ruthenian), Trubecki (Polish), or Trubiacki (Belarusian), is a Ruthenian Gedyminid gentry family of Black Ruthenian stock, like many other princely houses of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later prominent in Russian history, science, and arts. They are descended from Olgierd's son Demetrius I Starshiy (1327 – 12 May 1399 Battle of the Vorskla River). They used the Pogoń Litewska Coat of Arms and the Troubetzkoy Coat of Arms [1].

Sovereign rule

Princes Troubetzkoy descend from Demetrius I Starshiy, one of Algirdas sons, who ruled the towns of Bryansk and Starodub. He was killed together with his elder sons in the unfortunate Battle of the Vorskla River (1399). Demetrius' descendants continued to rule the town of Trubetsk until the 1530s, when they had to convert to Roman Catholicism or leave their patrimony and settle in Moscow. They chose the latter, and were accepted with great ceremony at the court of Vasily III of Russia.

Time of Troubles

Undoubtedly the most prominent of early Troubetzkoys was Prince Dmitry Timofeievich (9th generation from Gediminas), who helped Prince Dmitry Pozharsky to rise a volunteer army and deliver Moscow from the Poles in 1612. The Time of Troubles over, Dmitry was addressed by people as "Liberator of the Motherland" and asked to accept the Tsar's throne. He contented himself, however, with the governorship of Siberia and the title of the Duke (derzhavets) of Shenkursk. Prince Dmitry died on May 24, 1625 and was interred in the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra.

Quite different was a stance of his first cousin, Prince Wigund-Jeronym Trubetsky (Yury Nikitich). He supported the Poles and followed them to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Time of Troubles. Here his descendants were given enviable positions at the court and married into other princely families of Poland. By 1660s, however, the only Troubetzkoy left, Prince Yuriy Trubetskoy, returned to Moscow and was given a boyar title by Tsar Alexis I of Russia. All the branches of the family descend from his marriage to Princess Irina Galitzine.

Troubetzkoys as Freemasonry

Alexander Troubetzkoy
Yevgeny Nikolaevich Troubetzkoy
Grigory Nikolaevich Troubetzkoy
Nikita N. Troubetzkoy
Nikolay Sergeevich Troubetzkoy
Pyotr Petrovich Troubetzkoy
Sergei Petrovich Troubetzkoy
Sergey Nikolaevich Troubetzkoy

Dennis Stocks, "Russian Freemasonry": "In 1756 the first Russian lodge to actually be consecrated with a name was formed in St. Petersburg under the patronage of the Anglophile Count R. L. Vorontsov, Worshipful Master of The Lodge of Silence. The members of Vorontsov's Lodge included many men who later became famous, viz: Sumarokov (author), Prince Scherbatov (Historian), Mamonov (Literary fame), Prince Dashkov, Prince Golitzin, Prince Troubetzkoy and Prince Meschersky.

King Gustav III of Sweden gave Swedish Masonry a special stamp of respectability by freely flaunting his masonic ties in 1776 during a state visit to St. Petersburg and won the patronage of Grand Duke Paul -- a famous Russian patriot, historian and political rival to and personal enemy of Catherine. This led to a linking of Russian and Swedish Freemasonry into one system when, in 1778, the Moscow Lodge of Prince Troubetzkoy joined the Swedish System.

It is true, however, that other Freemasons who were "punished" (N. Troubetzkoy, I. Lopukhin and I. Turgenev, for example, were merely rusticated on their country estates) had not been directly involved in the efforts to enlist Paul into the M^Asited Paul on behalf of Nikolai Novikov, escaped scott free. Madariaga (Russian in the Age...p.530) has suggested that this may be due to the fact that Troubetzkoy et al were members of the highest aristocracy and Bazhenov was too lowly."

Johan G. Hakman, "The first Freemasons in Estonia"
"Lindisfarne Books"
Valerian Obolensky, "Russians in Exile", 1
Valerian Obolensky, "Russians in Exile", 2
Dennis Stocks, "History of Russian Freemasonry"
Dennis Stocks, "Russian Freemasonry"
"The Development of Russian Freemasonry in the 18th and Early 19th Century"
XVIII century literature
James A. Garfield, "Memorials to Great Men Who Were Masons"
"Parisian School of "Orthodoxy" - a Laboratory of False Doctrines and Heresies"

Generations

See also

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