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===Studio albums===
===Studio albums===
* 1984 - ''[[W.A.S.P. (album)|W.A.S.P.]]'' US:74
* ''[[W.A.S.P. (album)|W.A.S.P.]]'' (1984)
* 1985 - ''[[The Last Command (album)|The Last Command]]'' US:49
* ''[[The Last Command (album)|The Last Command]]'' (1985)
* 1986 - ''[[Inside the Electric Circus]]'' US:60
* ''[[Inside the Electric Circus]]'' (1986)
* 1989 - ''[[The Headless Children]]'' US:48
* ''[[The Headless Children]]'' (1989)
* 1992 - ''[[The Crimson Idol]]''
* ''[[The Crimson Idol]]'' (1992)
* 1995 - ''[[Still Not Black Enough]]''
* ''[[Still Not Black Enough]]'' (1995)
* 1997 - ''[[Kill Fuck Die]]''
* ''[[Kill Fuck Die]]'' (1997)
* 1999 - ''[[Helldorado (album)|Helldorado]]''
* ''[[Helldorado (album)|Helldorado]]'' (1999)
* 2001 - ''[[Unholy Terror]]''
* ''[[Unholy Terror]]'' (2001)
* 2002 - ''[[Dying for the World]]''
* ''[[Dying for the World]]'' (2002)
* 2004 - ''[[The Neon God: Part 1 – The Rise]]''
* ''[[The Neon God: Part 1 – The Rise]]'' (2004)
* 2004 - ''[[The Neon God, Pt. 2: The Demise|The Neon God: Part 2 – The Demise]]''
* ''[[The Neon God, Pt. 2: The Demise|The Neon God: Part 2 – The Demise]]'' (2004)
* 2007 - ''[[Dominator (W.A.S.P. album)|Dominator]]''
* ''[[Dominator (W.A.S.P. album)|Dominator]]'' (2007)
* 2009 - ''[[Babylon (W.A.S.P. album)|Babylon]]''
* ''[[Babylon (W.A.S.P. album)|Babylon]]'' (2009)
* 2015 - ''[[Golgotha (W.A.S.P. album)|Golgotha]]'' US:93
* ''[[Golgotha (W.A.S.P. album)|Golgotha]]'' (2015)
* 2018 - ''ReIdolized (The Soundtrack to the Crimson Idol)''
* ''ReIdolized (The Soundtrack to the Crimson Idol)'' (2018)


===Live albums===
===Live albums===
*''[[Live...In the Raw]]'' (1987) US:77
*''[[Live...In the Raw]]'' (1987)
*''[[Double Live Assassins]]'' (1998)
*''[[Double Live Assassins]]'' (1998)
*''[[The Sting: Live at the Key Club L.A.]]'' (2000)
*''[[The Sting: Live at the Key Club L.A.]]'' (2000)

Revision as of 02:21, 19 September 2018

This article is about the band. For other uses, see Wasp (disambiguation).
W.A.S.P.
W.A.S.P. performing live in Stavanger, Norway, in 2006.
W.A.S.P. performing live in Stavanger, Norway, in 2006.
Background information
OriginLos Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres
Years active
  • 1982–1989
  • 1991–1993
  • 1995–present
Labels
MembersBlackie Lawless
Doug Blair
Mike Duda
Aquiles Priester
Websitewww.waspnation.com

W.A.S.P. is an American heavy metal band formed in 1982 by Blackie Lawless, who is the last remaining original member of the band. They emerged from the early 1980s Los Angeles heavy metal scene. The band's popularity peaked that decade, yet they continue to record and tour, making them one of the most enduring of the West Coast heavy metal bands. W.A.S.P. gained notoriety for their shock rock-themed image, lyrics and live performances. They have sold over 12 million albums.

W.A.S.P. was a prominent target in the mid-1980s of the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), an organization that pushed for warning labels on recorded music. The band immortalized its fight with the PMRC on the song "Harder, Faster" from their 1987 live album, Live...In the Raw. Some of their most notable songs are "Animal (Fuck Like a Beast)", "I Wanna Be Somebody", "L.O.V.E. Machine", "Wild Child", "Blind in Texas", "Forever Free", "Mean Man", "Chainsaw Charlie (Murders in the New Morgue)" and "The Idol", as well as their cover versions of Ray Charles' "I Don't Need No Doctor" and The Who's "The Real Me". The band's most recent album, Golgotha, was released in 2015.

Band name

There has been much speculation over the origin of the band's name, and whether it actually stands for anything, since it is written as an acronym. One possible interpretation is "White Anglo-Saxon Protestants", being the original meaning of the acronym. The song "Show No Mercy", the B-side of the band's first single "Animal", contains the repeated lyric, "White Anglo-Saxon / A violent reaction".

The original U.S. release of the band's debut album W.A.S.P. had the words "We Are Sexual Perverts" inscribed on both sides around the label in the center, while "Winged Assassins" is inscribed on the spine of the first vinyl pressing. When asked about the band's name Lawless has avoided giving a straight answer: in one interview he answered, "We Ain't Sure, Pal."[7] In another, broadcast on the radio program Metal Shop, Lawless said that if one didn't know what it meant (implying White Anglo-Saxon Protestant), "It's a bug".

In a February 2010 interview, Lawless stated the main reason for the name was the periods. He claimed no band had ever used them before (although R.E.M. formed two years earlier) and, in essence, the periods created a "question mark of uncertainty" to make W.A.S.P. stand out more. He then went on to say, "Look where we are: it did!"[8]

History

Early years and rise to fame (1982–1985)

Circus Circus 1979-1980: Joey Palemo, Blackie Lawless, Jimi Image, Randy Piper

W.A.S.P. began following the demise of Circus Circus, an L.A. band featuring Blackie Lawless and Randy Piper. The original lineup of W.A.S.P. was formed in Los Angeles, California in 1982 by Lawless, Piper, Rik Fox, and Tony Richards. The band became notorious for its raunchy and, at times, shocking live shows. Lawless was known to tie semi-naked models to a torture rack, and to also hurl raw meat into the audience. The band's debut single, entitled "Animal (Fuck Like A Beast)", and its cover were equally controversial.

The first lineup didn't last for long, as Rik Fox was let go and went on to join the band Steeler with vocalist Ron Keel and guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen. He was replaced by Don Costa. Shortly afterward, Don Costa also left the band and his position on the bass was filled by Lawless. At the same time, guitarist Chris Holmes joined the band.

W.A.S.P. signed to Capitol Records for their debut album, W.A.S.P., released on August 17, 1984. The debut was at one time planned for release with the title Winged Assassins. The band's first single "Animal (Fuck Like A Beast)" was omitted from the album in the United States to prevent it from being banned from major chain stores.

Shortly after the band made an appearance in the 1984 film The Dungeonmaster.

"L.O.V.E. Machine" and "I Wanna Be Somebody" helped the album sell, and set the band up for "Blind In Texas", a song written in St. Paul, Minnesota, by Lawless. The song was released on their next album The Last Command in September 1985. The Last Command is still W.A.S.P.'s highest charting album, peaking at No. 47 on the Billboard album chart. "Blind In Texas" is perhaps their best known song, more than 20 years later. The Last Command was also the first album with new drummer Steve Riley. The former Keel drummer replaced Tony Richards at the beginning of the 1984-1985 tour.

After The Last Command tour, guitarist Randy Piper departed the band. Former King Kobra bassist Johnny Rod joined W.A.S.P. as Lawless went back to playing rhythm guitar.

Continued success (1986–1989)

With the lineup changes made, they recorded their third album, titled Inside the Electric Circus. It was released in October 1986. The album was a big hit with W.A.S.P. fans. Critics, on the other hand, dismissed it as "7th-grader rock".[citation needed] Songs like "Shoot From The Hip" and the minor hit single "95-N.A.S.T.Y." helped the band live up to the reputation of one of the possible meanings of their band name, "We Are Sexual Perverts". However, Blackie Lawless himself, known to be a harsh critic of his own work, cited in the album's re-release liner notes that Inside the Electric Circus was "[a] tired record by a tired band". Ultimately it was an unfavorable critical review of the single "95-N.A.S.T.Y." that convinced Lawless to take some time off and reconsider the band's creative direction.

W.A.S.P. became a very prominent target of the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), an organization led by Tipper Gore and dedicated to opposing music with lyrics deemed violent or overtly sexual in content. This lowered the band's reputation to such a degree that concert halls were getting bomb threats, band members were receiving death threats by the hundreds, and singer Blackie Lawless was shot at twice (though not hit). The controversy generated valuable publicity for the band.[1]

In 1987 W.A.S.P. had their song "Scream Until You Like It" included on the soundtrack of the movie Ghoulies 2. The same year, a few dates during the Inside the Electric Circus tour were recorded and on November 27, 1987, the Long Beach arena concert was released as the Live...In the Raw album. Unfortunately, by this time, Steve Riley had left W.A.S.P. to join L.A. Guns, replaced by local drummer Chad Nelson. 18-year-old Glenn Soderling, who had recorded an album in 1983 with the band Pandemonium[9] then joined the band,[10] but did not play any shows due to Chris Holmes´ illness,[10]. Söderling left during rehearsals[11] and was replaced by Kelly Martella for their Donington appearance and a Top of the Pops performance of Scream Until You Like It on BBC.[12] Soderling later surfaced under the name Tripp Holland in the band Engines of Aggression[13] with former Tomorrow's Child members Rik Schaffer and Craig Dollinger,[14] and is currently making music for TV shows as staff writer with Supersonic Noise[15]

W.A.S.P.'s fourth studio album, The Headless Children, was released on April 15, 1989 and was their first album without any overtly sexually explicit songs included. It was also their first album to sell rather poorly, however it reached the band's highest chart position with No. 48[16] on the Billboard 200 before falling off the charts in 13 weeks. However, it would be W.A.S.P.'s most critically acclaimed work up to that point and, according to a recent Lawless interview, it is now actually the highest selling W.A.S.P. album to date. The drumming duties for the album were handled by former Quiet Riot drummer Frankie Banali. It featured two of the band's most highly acclaimed songs, the power ballad "Forever Free" and a cover of The Who's "The Real Me".

Post-Chris Holmes period (1989–1995)

Blackie Lawless and W.A.S.P. performing in Stavanger, Norway

Chris Holmes left the band in August 1989, stating that he wanted to "have fun, you know". Lawless responded with a caustic remark about the fact that "some guys want to stay at home and wear aprons", hinting at the nature of Chris Holmes' relationship with his new wife Lita Ford. The band effectively disbanded a few months later with Blackie Lawless embarking on a short lived solo career. Lawless was originally slated to play the T-1000 terminator in the movie Terminator 2: Judgment Day, but was later replaced by Robert Patrick after Arnold Schwarzenegger deemed Lawless "too tall" (1.93m).[17] Blackie commenced work on his solo project, but under pressure from both promoters and fans, he released it as a W.A.S.P. album. Ironically, many critics [who?] feel that the resulting concept album, The Crimson Idol, has been the best W.A.S.P. output so far.[citation needed]

The follow-up to The Crimson Idol was Still Not Black Enough (1995), a collection of dark, introspective tunes that extended the Crimson Idol mythology. This time, rather than "hiding behind" alter ego Jonathan Steele, Lawless spoke directly to the audience about his own feelings (as stated in the liner notes). While the album lacked the cohesiveness of its predecessor, the lyrics still explored similar topics to Crimson Idol: being an outcast and misfit, the pressures of fame and society, and the search for love. Still Not Black Enough also included cover songs as "bonus tracks". The initial European edition included a different track listing from the American version and a subsequent American re-issue featured yet a different track listing. No version to date includes all the various tracks on one disc.

Reunion with Chris Holmes (1996–2002)

Chris Holmes returned to W.A.S.P. in 1996 and together they released Kill.Fuck.Die (1997) and Helldorado (1999). They also recorded two live albums from these tours, Double Live Assassins and The Sting respectively. The Sting CD and DVD were taken directly from an experimental webcast that Lawless claims to have had no control over. This release angered him as he was unhappy with the sound and picture quality.

The band continued with the album Unholy Terror in 2001. Chris Holmes left the band once again in 2002, stating that he wanted to "play the blues". He hooked up with fellow ex-W.A.S.P. member Randy Piper's band Animal, but soon dropped out of that project also. Holmes, for his part, has claimed he never played on Unholy Terror.[citation needed]

Dying for the World and the Neon God albums (2002–2005)

Dying for the World, released in 2002, was written and recorded in less than a year which is very fast by Lawless' perfectionist standards. Its liner notes feature one of Lawless' strongest statements about political correctness, inspired by the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

In April 2004, W.A.S.P. released the first part of The Neon God, subtitled The Rise, a conceptual album about an abused and orphaned boy who finds that he has the ability to read and manipulate people. The second part, The Demise, was released in September 2004.

In 2005, W.A.S.P. headlined American Metal Blast. A video shoot for the track "Never Say Die" was planned with Ward Boult, a fetish photographer, directing. To this day, there has been no news as to whether the shoot resulted in anything concrete. It would have been the first W.A.S.P. promo video in ten years, the last being 1995's "Black Forever".

Dominator and Babylon (2006–2014)

Early 2006 saw the seemingly stable lineup fall apart. Long-time session and tour drummer Stet Howland left first (on amicable terms), promising more specific information about the reasons for the split to be posted on his website. Larry Howe of Vicious Rumors was considered as a replacement. In May, the departure of guitarist Darrell Roberts, who went on to join the band Five Finger Death Punch, was announced and new guitar player Mark Zavon was brought in several days before the first tour date. The same press release confirmed Mike Dupke, and not Howe, would be the new drummer. Furthermore, two days later, Zavon was out of the picture as well, seeing Doug Blair step in on guitar.

A new album, Dominator was planned for release in October 2006, according to a statement made by Blackie Lawless at a tour stop in Kavarna. He then went on to play a new song from the album, entitled Mercy. A few weeks later, the release of the album was postponed until April 2007, with the band recording two news songs and dropping two cover songs, to be used instead as bonus tracks. In October 2007, W.A.S.P. embarked on The Crimson Idol Tour, to celebrate that album's 15th anniversary. It was the first time that the album, often regarded to be among the band's finest work, was performed in full from start to finish. The tour kicked off in Greece, in Thessaloniki at the Principal Club Theater on October 26, 2007.

The release of the Dominator album was finalized for April 16 in the UK, April 20 in Scandinavia with the rest of mainland Europe following on April 27. The release dates for South America and Russia followed in early May.

Dominator reached No. 72 on the charts in Germany.[citation needed]

W.A.S.P. cancelled their North American tour due to their record label's loss of a distributor.[citation needed] They were going to finish up their shows in Europe and then reschedule their shows in the United States. They were unable to finish the shows in Europe because of a "family illness that needed immediate attention" which forced the band to return to Los Angeles right away. They were originally going to perform at Rocklahoma. As the tour was cancelled, W.A.S.P. was not able to perform at Rocklahoma and was replaced by Queensrÿche.

Wikinews has related news:

W.A.S.P. announced a European tour which included dates in Scotland, England and other places throughout Europe in late October 2007.

W.A.S.P. released their fourteenth studio album, entitled Babylon in late 2009, via Demolition Records.

Blackie Lawless has in recent interviews claimed that he is never going to play the song "Animal (Fuck Like A Beast)" live again, due to his religious beliefs.[18] These beliefs are what have allegedly been behind Blackie Lawless' self-censorship of his own lyrics during the 'Babylon World Tour', most notably during the performance of 'Chainsaw Charlie (Murders In The New Morgue)'.

On The Beast of Babylon Tour, Blackie canceled two shows within a week of each other. The first cancellation came about at the Gramercy Theater in New York City after the band discovered that the venue had been selling V.I.P. meet and greet tickets for twice the amount of the general admission price. The band made a statement claiming, "We have never charged a fan for an autograph and will never charge any fans for an autograph."[19] The second cancellation occurred when the Crocodile Rock venue in Allentown, Pennsylvania wanted 50% of all of the band's profit, according to Lawless.

On September 21, 2012, the band celebrated the 30th anniversary of their first ever live show by kicking off a world tour at The Forum in London. The set for the tour was split into three sections: songs from the first four albums, a cut-down rendition of the Crimson Idol performance and a final segment for newer material.[20]

Golgotha, 25th anniversary of The Crimson Idol and next album (2015–present)

W.A.S.P.'s fifteenth studio album, Golgotha, was released on October 2, 2015.[21] The album took four years to materialize.[22]

W.A.S.P. toured in 2017 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the release of The Crimson Idol. To coincide with this anniversary, the band released Reidolized (The Soundtrack to the Crimson Idol) on February 2, 2018, which came with the original The Crimson Idol movie on DVD and Blu-ray, and includes six tracks that were originally intended to be part of the original version of the album.[23]

As of December 2017, W.A.S.P. has been working on their sixteenth studio album.[24]

Tours

  1. Sister 1976-1980
  2. Early Shows 1982-1983
  3. Winged Assassins Tour 1984-1985
  4. Last Command Tour 1986
  5. Inside the Electric Circus Tour 1986-1987
  6. The Headless Children Tour 1989
  7. The Crimson Idol Tour 1992
  8. Kill.Fuck.Die. World Tour 1996-1998
  9. Helldorado World Tour 1999-2000
  10. Unholy Terror Tour 2001
  11. The Neon God World Tour 2004
  12. Tour 2005-2006
  13. The Crimson Idol Tour 2007-2008
  14. Sonic & Bloody Massacre Tour 2009
  15. Beast of Babylon World Tour 2009-2010
  16. Return to Babylon Tour 2010-2011
  17. 30 Years of Thunder World Tour 2012
  18. The Bloody Road to Golgotha 2015
  19. The Crimson Idol 25th Anniversary Tour 2017

Members

Current members

  • Blackie Lawless – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, bass, drums, keyboards (1982–present)
  • Doug Blair – lead guitar, backing vocals (1992, 2001, 2006–present)
  • Mike Duda – bass, backing vocals (1995–present)
  • Aquiles Priester – drums (2017–present)

Former members

Guest musicians

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilations

Videos

Singles

  • Animal (F**k Like A Beast) (1984)
  • I Wanna Be Somebody (1984)
  • L.O.V.E. Machine (1984)
  • School Daze (1984)
  • Sleeping (In the Fire) (1984)
  • Blind in Texas (1985)
  • Cries in the Night (1985)
  • Wild Child (1986)
  • On Your Knees (Live) (1986)
  • 9.5. - N.A.S.T.Y. (1986)
  • I Don't Need No Doctor (1987)
  • I Don't Need No Doctor (Live) (1987)
  • Scream Until You Like It (1987)
  • Live Animal (1988)
  • The Real Me (1989)
  • Forever Free (1989)
  • Mean Man (1989)
  • The Headless Children (1989)
  • Chainsaw Charlie (Murders in the New Morgue) (1992)
  • The Idol (1992)
  • Hold On To My Heart (1992)
  • I Am One (1992)
  • The Story of Jonathan Part I and II (1992)
  • Sunset & Babylon (1993)
  • Black Forever (1995)
  • Kill F**k Die (1997)
  • Helldorado (1999)
  • Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting (2000)
  • Shadow Man (2001)
  • Crazy (2009)
  • Scream (2015)

References

  1. ^ a b Sharpe-Young, Garry (2007). Metal: The Definitive Guide. Jawbone Press. pp. 327–30. ISBN 9781906002015.
  2. ^ McPadden, Mike (September 25, 2015). "The Hair Metal 100: Ranking the '80s Greatest Glam Bands—The Final 20!". VH1. Viacom. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  3. ^ Christe, Ian (2003). "The Hollywood Glambangers". Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal. HarperCollins. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-380-81127-4.
  4. ^ Popoff, Martin (2014). The Big Book of Hair Metal: The Illustrated Oral History of Heavy Metal's Debauched Decade. Voyageur Press. pp. 41, 74, 82, 97, 121, 139, 169. ISBN 978-0-76034-546-7.
  5. ^ Roos, John (July 14, 1997). "W.A.S.P.'s 'Shock' Rock Sting Has Lost Its Point". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "W.A.S.P. | Biography & History". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 2015-03-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Interview with Blackie Lawless of W.A.S.P". Earcandy_mag.tripod.com. 2001-05-20. Archived from the original on 2010-01-21. Retrieved 2011-10-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Rik Fox - Interview - Steeler - WASP - Sin - Surgical Steel - W.A.S.P. - Yngwie - Keel - Lion". Archived from the original on 2012-01-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Pandemonium - Heavy Metal Soldiers - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives". www.metal-archives.com. Archived from the original on 2017-03-11. Retrieved 2018-01-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b "orkut". orkut. Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2014-04-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Glenn Soderling". glennsoderling.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-01-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Monsters of Rock Festival". A3.ec-images.myspacecdn.com. Archived from the original on 2014-04-25. Retrieved 2014-04-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ http://www.ovguide.com/glenn-soderling-9202a8c04000641f80000000174e756e# Archived 2017-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Engines Of Aggression - discography, line-up, biography, interviews, photos". www.spirit-of-metal.com. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ eMinor. "Tripp Holland - Rock from Seattle - Los Angeles - Ny, NY". ReverbNation. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "W.A.S.P. - Chart history - Billboard". www.billboard.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "AOL chat with Blackie Lawless 1999". Webcitation.org. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved 2012-02-29. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "W.A.S.P.'s Blackie Lawless: I Will Never Play 'Animal (Fuck Like A Beast)' Again". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 2009-11-04. Retrieved 2011-10-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "Blackie Lawless Speaks Out Re: 3/11 Gramercy Theater Show". Ytsejam.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2011-10-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ W.A.S.P. Nation. "W.A.S.P. – "30 Years of Thunder"". W.A.S.P. Nation. Archived from the original on 2012-10-07. Retrieved 2012-09-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "W.A.S.P.: 'Golgotha' Cover Artwork, Release Date, Track Listing Revealed". Blabbermouth.net. July 14, 2015. Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ "W.A.S.P. Nation - Making of Golgotha". waspnation.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "W.A.S.P. To Release 'Reidolized (The Soundtrack To The Crimson Idol)' In February". Blabbermouth.net. November 17, 2017. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ "Blackie Lawless: There Will Be No W.A.S.P. Reunion with Chris Holmes". Ultimate-Guitar.com. December 20, 2017. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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