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*[[Jay-Z]] - ''[[Kingdom Come (album)|Kingdom Come]]'', [[Rocafella]]/[[Def Jam]], 2006 ''' (Producer)
*[[Jay-Z]] - ''[[Kingdom Come (album)|Kingdom Come]]'', [[Rocafella]]/[[Def Jam]], 2006 ''' (Producer)
*Eminem - ''[[Eminem Presents: The Re-Up]]'', [[Shady Records|Shady]], 2006 ''' (Producer)
*Eminem - ''[[Eminem Presents: The Re-Up]]'', [[Shady Records|Shady]], 2006 ''' (Producer)
*Raekwon - ''[[Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II]], ''Aftermath/Interscope, 2007 '''(Producer))
*Raekwon - ''[[Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II]], ''Aftermath/Interscope, 2007 '''(Executive Producer/Producer))
*[[Papoose]] - ''[[The Nacirema Dream]]'', Flipmode/Streetsweepers/Jive, 2006 ''' (Producer)
*[[Papoose]] - ''[[The Nacirema Dream]]'', Flipmode/Streetsweepers/Jive, 2006 ''' (Producer)
*[[50 Cent]] - ''[[9 Bullets Later]]'', G-Unit/Shady/Aftermath/Interscope, 2006 ''' (Executive producer/Producer)
*[[50 Cent]] - ''[[9 Bullets Later]]'', G-Unit/Shady/Aftermath/Interscope, 2006 ''' (Executive producer/Producer)

Revision as of 02:56, 7 November 2006

This article is about the Los Angeles rapper and producer. For the New York radio and television presenter, see Doctor Dre.
Dr. Dre

Dr. Dre (born André Romell Young on February 18th, 1965 in Los Angeles, California) is an influential Grammy-Award winning American record producer, hip hop producer, rapper, actor and record executive. He is also the founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment.

Dre's popularity as a hip-hop performer grew as a member of iconic gangsta rap group N.W.A., then continued with his success as a best-selling rapper, and most notably, the co-founder of Death Row Records with Suge Knight and the founder of Aftermath Entertainment. He launched the careers of rap superstars Snoop Dogg, Eminem, and The Game, and is widely regarded as an important hip hop producer, noted for advancing the use of synthesizers, keyboards, and heavy bass in his hip-hop beats. The artists on his sizeable Aftermath roster today include multi-platinum artists such as Eminem and 50 Cent and more recently Busta Rhymes, Eve, Bishop Lamont and himself.

His albums The Chronic and 2001 were both critical and huge commercial successes, and the former is credited with revolutionizing rap by creating a new style, called West Coast G-Funk. G-Funk is often considered to have dominated the U.S. rap charts for four years (1992-96), and is still considered one of the major living styles of hip-hop today.

Biography

Young was born in Los Angeles in 1965, and grew up in the city's South Central district. His parents divorced before he was born. Young grew up idolizing then-basketball star Dr. J, and when he started DJing at parties and clubs (eventually landing an ongoing gig at the "Eve After Dark" club) he would DJ, sing and play keyboards under the name "Dr. J" in tribute to the star. When he got older, his mother married Warren Griffin Jr., father of future West Coast rapper Warren Griffin III, artistically known as Warren G, who later introduced Young to Cordozar Calvin Broadus, Jr. artistically known as Snoop Dogg.

Young started his career as a DJ and poster boy for the World Class Wreckin' Cru during the first half of the 1980s, taking the name Dr. Dre (from his first name, Andre) and combing it with his favorite basketball athlete, Dr. J. It is also stated in the World Class Wreckin' Cru track "Surgery" that Dr. Dre has a Ph.D. in "mixology", but that has little to do with the origin of his name. In 1986, after Dre had begun to dip more into actual production of beats, he and fellow World Class Wreckin' Cru member DJ Yella left the group to become two of the founding members of N.W.A. Dr. Dre enjoyed significant success with N.W.A. and The D.O.C., greatly increasing his popularity in the West Coast rap scene. Young's rapping style and image was still very much evolving at the time, which was drastically different from the "gangsta rap" style he later would be known for. His verse on the song "Express Yourself" off the album Straight Outta Compton is an example:

Some drop science; while I'm droppin' English
Even if Yella, makes it a-capella
I still express, yo, I don't smoke weed or cess
Cause it's known to give a brother brain damage
And brain damage on the mic don't manage - NUTHIN
but makin' a sucka and you equal
Don't be another sequel...

After a dispute with Eric Wright (artistically known as Eazy-E, a founding member of N.W.A and Ruthless Records), Young left the group at the peak of its popularity in 1991 to form Death Row Records with Marion Knight, Jr., (artistically known as Suge Knight), who was an N.W.A. bodyguard.

Young released his first solo single, "Deep Cover," (also known as "187") in the spring of 1992. This was the beginning of his collaboration with Broadus, then artistically known as Snoop Doggy Dogg (who is now simply known as Snoop Dogg, following his departure from Death Row Records), a rapper who had recorded homemade tapes with Griffin, (Warren G). Young decided to meet with Broadus, after Griffin played his mixtapes for him which began a lifelong association.

File:Dr.DreTheChronicalbumcover.jpg

Broadus' voice appeared on Young's 1992 debut album The Chronic as much as Young's did. Because of the single "Nuthin' But a 'G' Thang," and hits like "Let Me Ride" and "Fuck Wit Dre Day (And Everybody's Celebratin')" (Shortened to 'Dre Day' for Radio and Television Play), The Chronic became a multi-platinum seller, making it virtually impossible to hear mainstream hip-hop that wasn't affected in some way by Young. Shortly after its release, The Chronic became one of the best-selling hip hop albums in history. The song "Let Me Ride" gave Young the 1994 Grammy for Best Rap Solo Performance. "The Chronic" was followed shortly by a string of multi-platinum albums from Young’s protégés, including Broadus’ debut album Doggystyle and Griffin's Regulate... G Funk Era.

The following year, Young produced Broadus' debut album Doggystyle, with similar subject matter and musical style. Doggystyle achieved phenomenal success, being the first debut album for an artist to debut at #1 on the Billboard charts.

In 1996, the song "California Love", a highly successful collaboration with Death Row artist 2Pac, helped further establish both Death Row and Dre as a major force in the music industry. In an interview with Death Row affiliates it was said that Dr. Dre's intentions were to use the beat of "California Love" for the compilation album, Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath, on his future record label, Aftermath Entertainment. Dre was made to give over the beat to 2Pac by Death Row CEO, Suge Knight. By the end of the year, however, the fortunes of Death Row had taken a dramatic turn, following the death of 2Pac and racketeering charges against Suge Knight. Just prior to these tragic events, Dre was subject to multiple accusations about his sexuality and questions as to who actually produced works that were accredited to him, Dre left Death Row to form his own Aftermath Entertainment label.

The Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath album, released at the end of the year, featured songs by the newly signed Aftermath artists, and a solo track "Been There, Done That". The track was intended as a symbolic good-bye to gangsta rap, in which Dre suggested that he is moving on to another level of music and lifestyle. While going platinum, the album was considered a critical disappointment by Dre's standards, failing to raise much talk of the label. In 1997, Young produced several tracks on Nas, Foxy Brown, AZ, and Nature Present The Firm: The Album; although the album went platinum, it was met with similarly negative reviews from critics.

The turning point for Aftermath came in 1998, when Dre signed underground Detroit rapper Marshall Mathers, artistically known as Eminem to his label, producing three songs on his controversial album, ["my name is", "guilty conscience", "Role Model"] The Slim Shady LP in 1999, followed by the even more successful and controversial The Marshall Mathers LP in 2000. Though he was heavily involved in the latter, producing five beats with collaborator Mel-Man, by the time The Eminem Show was released in 2002, Mathers was producing the bulk of his output himself. However, Encore featured substantially increased production involvement from his mentor.

Dr. Dre released his second solo album, 2001 (sometimes referred to by fans as "The Chronic 2001") in the fall of 1999. Once again, the album featured about as much of Dre's voice as the voices of numerous collaborators, including Devin the Dude, Hittman, Snoop Dogg, Xzibit, Nate Dogg and Eminem. The album was highly successful, thus reaffirming a recurring theme featured in its lyrics, stating that Dr. Dre is still a force to be reckoned with, despite the lack of major releases in the previous few years.

In 2000, Dre won the Grammy award for Producer Of The Year, for his work on "The Marshall Mathers LP" and "2001". The albums followed a new musical direction, characterised by high-pitched piano and string melodies over a deep and rich bassline. The style was also prominent in his following production work for other artists, including hits such as "Let Me Blow Ya Mind" by Eve and Gwen Stefani (whom he would produce again on the Stefani and Eve track "Rich Girl"), "Break Ya Neck" by Busta Rhymes, and "Family Affair" by Mary J. Blige.

Young has also appeared in the movies Set It Off, The Wash and Training Day, though he later stated that he does not intend to pursue a career in acting. A song of his, "Bad Intentions" (featuring Knoc-Turn'Al) and produced by Mahogany, was featured on The Wash soundtrack. Dre also appeared on two other songs "On the Blvd." and "The Wash" along with his co-star Snoop Dogg.

In 2002, Dr. Dre and Eminem produced the major-label debut Get Rich or Die Tryin' for Queens rapper 50 Cent, featuring the Dre-produced hit single "In Da Club."

The release of Detox, which is to be the Dr.'s final solo album, was planned for 2004. The project was pushed back to the summer of 2007, as he decided to put all his effort into producing the artists on his Aftermath label, including Eminem, 50 Cent, Eve, The Game, Stat Quo, and Busta Rhymes. However, in November 2004, Young and Interscope confirmed that Detox was still in the works and is currently scheduled to be released in the summer of 2007. On Eminem's song "Encore", which features Young, he says "Aftermath... 2006...and don't worry about that Detox-album...we gon' make Dre do it." Dr. Dre supposedly releases an album every 7 years, (The Chronic in 1992, 2001 in 1999, and Detox in 2006), which The Game refers to on his title track, "The Documentary". Currently, Young is also working on Raekwon's Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II. He and Busta Rhymes have completed Busta's Aftermath debut The Big Bang. He has also reunited with Snoop Dogg to produce several records on the latter's next album, The Blue Carpet Treatment, which is scheduled to be released in 2006. Other albums Dre is working on are Young Buck's Buck The World, Jay-Z's Kingdom Come, Nas' Hip-Hop Is Dead, Bishop Lament's The Reformation, Chauncey Black's Church Boy and a few other projects. Dre is believed to be flooding the industry with beats before he releases the long awaited Detox in 2007.

He has also Appeared in a Coors Light advertisisement with Pharrell Williams and has produced the instrumental for the advert

Dr. Dre has two sons, Curtis (born on December 15, 1981), and Marcel (who is nine years younger). Curtis seems to be following in his father's footsteps, and is rapping under the name Hood Surgeon.

Dr. Dre can be seen at the end of the video "I Love My Bitch [Chick]" by Busta Rhymes.

Musical techniques

Early work

Young's production technique has evolved considerably over the span of his career, and has often been influential to the sound of other producers, especially those from the West Coast. Early on, while working with the World Class Wrecking Cru, he was still strictly a DJ--though witnesses from the time cite that he had a good musical ear. After beginning to make actual beats with N.W.A. in the mid-1980s, often co-producing beats with DJ Yella, his style was still steeped with the characteristics of the time: a very regular meter, with heavy drums and thumping bass. His backings were largely funk-influenced and usually very uptempo, making it ideal to label as dance and party music.

Later in his tenure with N.W.A., Young began a series of three albums produced almost entirely by himself. (Young has a habit of co-producing beats with another artist, usually leading to allegations that he had ghost producers). The D.O.C.'s 1989 debut No One Can Do It Better featured roughly the same production as N.W.A.'s albums had, but with more differences in tempo (both faster and slower tracks), and Young delved into reggae and rock music on some of the songs.

G-funk

The second of this trio, The Chronic, was considered the flagship of g-funk. Similarly funk-fueled and alternately rugged and smooth, The Chronic and other songs he did for soundtracks at the time (Murder Was the Case, Above the Rim and Deep Cover) utilized heavy samples from George Clinton and Funkadelic. Broadus' (Snoop Dog) ensuing album Doggystyle (which would be the final project that Young produced completely for an artist besides himself) featured a smoother and more laid-back style of G-Funk, shifted to suit Broadus' (Snoop Dogg) style. Doggystyle uses beats, samples and quotes from the movie Superfly, and the soundtrack by Curtis Mayfield.

2001 and beyond

When Young released the Presents...The Aftermath compilation, he was in transition, somewhere between G-funk and the spacey synthesizers and organs of 2001, his second release. That album (produced mainly with the help of Mel-Man) still had thumping bass and hard drums, but also heavily used synthesizers and organs instead of his previous use of flute and funk samples.

Ghost production accusations

Certain people, particularly former Death Row collaborators Warren G and Daz Dillinger (who formerly rapped under the name Dat Nigga Daz), have stated in assisting with Dre in terms of creating beats that Dre used under his own name[1]. Snoop Dogg addressed such allegations in an interview with DubCNN, saying, "I seen him make tracks from scratch. My whole record the nigga made damn near everything from scratch. "Ain't No Fun", Daz and Warren G brought him the little *sings melody*, that's all they had! Dre took that muthafucka to the next level!" [2] In the interview, Snoop admits that Daz and Warren G contributed to parts of the beats on The Chronic and Doggystyle (primarily by finding raw samples), but says that Dre deserved credit as the producer because he essentially put the beats together and gave them a full sound. The definition of "producer" is a central issue with such allegations; in hip hop, the beatmaker and producer are often the same person, but Dre has often been defended as someone who is able to organize musicians and create a consistently good sound, rather than a direct beatmaker.

It should be noted that Warren G and Daz have not found much success as solo producers, although in the early '90s the Warren G-produced Regulate...G Funk Era and the primarily Daz-produced Dogg Food by Tha Dogg Pound sold well, if less so than The Chronic and Doggystyle. Daz also produced five beats on the first CD of Tupac Shakur's famous double-album All Eyez on Me, most notably "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" and "I Ain't Mad at Cha." However, following the death of Tupac and the collapse of Death Row in 1996, neither Daz nor Warren G have received much mainstream attention as solo producers, while Dre made a significant comeback in 1999 with the release of Eminem's The Slim Shady LP as well as his own album 2001 under his Aftermath label.

One XXL columnist has defended Dre by writing, "Bottom line is, whether he’s pushing the buttons or not, Dre deserves respect as one of the greatest producers this genre has ever seen. ...if you sincerely can’t hear the difference between The Chronic and Regulate... G Funk Era then it might be time for you to stop listening to rap," [3] alluding to the difference Dre makes when he works with other beatmakers.

Certain detractors have similarly claimed that former Aftermath producer Mel-Man also had his beats used under Dre's name; however, he received credit as the second producer for all the Dre-produced tracks on 2001, as well as all the Dre-produced tracks on Eminem's The Marshall Mathers LP. Like Warren G and Daz, Mel-Man has not found much success as a solo producer.

More recently, longtime Dre collaborators Scott Storch and Mike Elizondo have received co-production credits on certain Dre-produced tracks (notably "In Da Club" and "How We Do," both co-produced by Elizondo.) Storch has been creditted as the keyboardist on several Dre tracks since 2001, and Elizondo has been creditted as the keyboardist and bassist on several Dre-produced tracks for 50 Cent, Eminem, and The Game. Storch has proven to have a successful solo career, producing recent hits such as Fat Joe's "Lean Back" as well as 50 Cent's "Candy Shop", "Just a Lil Bit".

Music samples

  • As a performer
  • As a producer

Discography

Solo

Album cover Album information
File:Dr.DreTheChronicalbumcover.jpg
The Chronic
2001
Detox

With N.W.A

Album cover Album information
File:NWAAndThePosse.jpg
N.W.A. and the Posse
File:N.W.A.StraightOuttaComptonalbumcover.jpg
Straight Outta Compton
  • Released: August, 1988 (original), February 6, 1989 (re-released date)
  • Chart positions: #37 US, #9 Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, #35 UK (2003 Remastered version)
  • Last RIAA certification: 2x Platinum
  • Singles: "Straight Outta Compton", "Express Yourself"
100 Miles and Runnin'
Efil4zaggin
  • Released: May 28, 1991
  • Chart positions: #1 US, #2 Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, #25 UK
  • Last RIAA certification: Platinum
  • Singles: "Apetite For Destruction", "Alwayz into Somethin'"
File:14094.jpg
Greatest Hits
The N.W.A. Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988-1999
File:N.w.a-2.jpeg
The N.W.A. Legacy, Vol. 2

Compilations and boxsets

Album cover Album information
File:ConcreteRoots.Jpeg Concrete Roots
File:Firstroundknockoutcd.jpeg First Round Knockout
  • Released: May 21, 1996
  • Label: Triple X
  • Chart positions: #52 US
File:Back 'N The Day.jpeg Back 'N The Day
File:Chronicle Best of the Works.jpeg Chronicle: Best of the Work
  • Released: May 28, 2002
  • Label: Death Row
  • Chart positions: #172 UK
File:Dr dre and friend.jpeg Dr. Dre & Friends
File:Drechronicles.jpeg Chronicles: Death Row Classics

Production

Mixtapes

Singles

Year Title Chart Positions Album
US Hot 100 US R&B/ Hip Hop US Rap UK Singles Chart Rhythmic Top 40
1992 "Dre Day" [Gold] #8 #6 #13 #59 #6 The Chronic
1993 "Nuthin' But a "G" Thang" [Platinum] #2 #1 #1 #31 #2 The Chronic
1993 "Let Me Ride" #34 #34 #3 #31 #21 The Chronic
1996 "East Coast/West Coast Killas" - - - - - Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath
1996 "Been There, Done That" - - - - #40 Dr. Dre Presents...The Aftermath
1999 "Still D.R.E." #93 #32 #11 #6 #29 2001
1999 "Forgot about Dre" #25 #14 - #7 #3 2001
2000 "The Next Episode" #25 #11 #9 #7 #2 2001
2001 "Put It on Me" - #62 - - #36 Training Day [OST]
2002 "Bad Intentions" - #33 - #4 - The Wash [OST]
2002 "The Wash" - #43 - - - The Wash [OST]
Year Title Chart Positions Album
US Hot 100 US R&B/ Hip Hop US Rap UK Singles Chart
1990 "We're All In The Same Gang" (West Coast All-Stars) #35 #10 #1 - We're All In The Same Gang VLS
1991 "Funky Flute" (feat. Jimmy Z) - - - - Muzical Madness
1992 "Deep Cover" - #46 #4 - Deep Cover OST
1994 "Natural Born Killaz" (Dr. Dre & Ice Cube) - - - 45 Murder Was the Case
1995 "Keep Their Heads Ringin'" #10 [Gold] #10 #1 #25 Friday OST
1996 "How Do U Want It"/"California Love" (2Pac feat. Dr. Dre) #1 [2x Platinum] #1 #1 #6 All Eyez on Me
1996 "No Diggity" (Blackstreet feat. Dr. Dre) #1 [Platinum] #1 - #9 Another Level
1997 "Puppet Master" (feat. DJ Muggs and B-Real) - #73 - - Soul Assassins Vol.1
1998 "Zoom" (with LL Cool J) - - - #15 Bulworth OST
1998 "Ghetto Fabulous" (Ras Kass feat. Dr Dre & Mack 10) - #56 - - Rasassination
1999 "Guilty Conscience" (Eminem feat. Dr. Dre) - #56 - #5 The Slim Shady LP
2000 "U Know" (Xzibit feat Dr. Dre) - #63 - - Restless
2000 "Chin Check" (NWA incl. Snoop Dogg) - #71 - - Next Friday OST
2000 "Just Be A Man About It" (Toni Braxton feat Dr. Dre) #32 #6 - #6 The Heat
2001 "Fast Lane" (Remix) (Bilal Feat Dr. Dre & Jadakiss) - #41 - - 1st Born Second
2001 "Put It on Me" (feat. DJ Quik) - #62 - - Training Day OST
2002 "Knoc"(Knoc-Turn'al with Dr. Dre & Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott) #98 #67 #13 - The Way I Am
2002 "Bad Intentions" (Dr. Dre feat. Knoc-Turn'al) - #33 - #4 The Wash soundtrack
2002 "The Wash" (Dr. Dre feat. Snoop Dogg) - #43 - - The Wash soundtrack
2002 "Symphony In X Major" (Xzibit feat Dr. Dre) - #63 - - Man Vs. Machine
2004 "Encore" (Eminem feat. Dr Dre & 50 Cent) #25 #48 #20 - Encore
2006 "Imagine" (Snoop Dogg featuring Dr. Dre) - - - - Tha Blue Carpet Treatment


Filmography

DVD cover Film Information
File:Traint.JPEG Training Day
File:Twash.JPEG The Wash

Bootlegs and videos

Video cover Video Information
File:Maxdre.JPEG Maximum Dr. Dre
File:Atdre.JPEG The Attitude Surgeon