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Affection, attraction, infatuation, or fondness is a "disposition or state of mind or body"^[1] that is often associated with a feeling or type of love. It has given rise to a number of branches of philosophy and psychology concerning emotion, disease, influence, and state of being.^[2] "Affection" is popularly used to denote a feeling or type of love, amounting to more than goodwill or friendship. Writers on ethics generally use the word to refer to distinct states of feeling, both lasting and spasmodic. Some contrast it with passion as being free from the distinctively sensual element.^[3]

Even a very simple demonstration of affection can have a broad variety of emotional reactions, from embarrassment to disgust to pleasure and annoyance. It also has a different physical effect on the giver and the receiver.^[4]

Restricted definition

More specifically, the word has been restricted to emotional states, the object of which is a living thing such as a human or animal. Affection is compared with passion^[5], from the Greek "pathos". As such it appears in the writings of French philosopher René Descartes,^[6] Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza^[7], and most of the writings of early British ethicists. However, on various grounds (e.g., that it does not involve anxiety or excitement and that it is comparatively inert and compatible with the entire absence of the sensuous element), it is generally and usefully distinguished from passion.^{[clarification needed]} In this narrower sense the word has played a great part in ethical systems, which have spoken of the social or parental affections as in some sense a part of moral obligation.^[3] For a consideration of these and similar problems, which depend ultimately on the degree in which the affections are regarded as voluntary.^[8]

Expression

Affection can be communicated by looks, words, gestures, or touches. Affectionate behavior may have evolved from parental nurturing behavior due to its associations with hormonal rewards.^[9] Such affection has been shown to influence brain development in infants.^[10] Expressions of affection can be unwelcome if they pose implied threats to one's well being. If welcomed, affectionate behavior may be associated with various health benefits. It has been proposed that positive sentiment increases the propensity of people to interact and that familiarity gained through affection increases positive sentiment among them.^[11]

References

^ "Affection - Define Affection at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^ "17th and 18th Century Theories of Emotions > Francis Hutcheson on the Emotions (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Affection". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 299–300.
^ "The Effects of Affection | Research Matters". researchmatters.asu.edu. Retrieved 2015-08-30.
^ Fernández, Damián J. (1 January 2010). "Cuba and the Politics of Passion". University of Texas Press. Retrieved 19 November 2017 – via Google Books.
^ René Descartes. "The Passions of the Soul" (PDF). Earlymoderntexts.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^ LeBuffe, Michael (19 November 2017). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 19 November 2017 – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
^ "Methods of Ethics" (PDF). Earlymoderntexts.com. p. 345–349. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^ according to Communication professor Kory Floyd of the University of Arizona
^ Infant Observation: International Journal of Infant Observation and Its Applications
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2012-10-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links

Quotations related to Affection at Wikiquote

[1] "Affection - Define Affection at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.

[2] "17th and 18th Century Theories of Emotions > Francis Hutcheson on the Emotions (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 19 November 2017.

[EB1911-3] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Affection". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 299–300.

[4] "The Effects of Affection | Research Matters". researchmatters.asu.edu. Retrieved 2015-08-30.

[5] Fernández, Damián J. (1 January 2010). "Cuba and the Politics of Passion". University of Texas Press. Retrieved 19 November 2017 – via Google Books.

[6] René Descartes. "The Passions of the Soul" (PDF). Earlymoderntexts.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.

[7] LeBuffe, Michael (19 November 2017). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 19 November 2017 – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

[8] "Methods of Ethics" (PDF). Earlymoderntexts.com. p. 345–349. Retrieved 19 November 2017.

[9] rding to Communication professor Kory Floyd of the University of Arizona

[10] Infant Observation: International Journal of Infant Observation and Its Applications

[11] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2012-10-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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	{{Emotion}}		{{Emotion}}

v t e Emotions (list)
Emotions	Acceptance Admiration Adoration Aesthetic Affection Agitation Agony Amusement Anger Angst Anguish Annoyance Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Arousal Attraction Awe Belongingness Boredom Calmness Compassion Confidence Confusion Contempt Contentment Courage Cruelty Curiosity Defeat Depression Desire Disappointment Disgust Distrust Doubt Ecstasy Embarrassment vicarious Emotion work Empathy Emptiness Enthrallment Enthusiasm Envy Euphoria Excitement Faith Fear Flow Frustration Gratification Gratitude Greed Grief Guilt Happiness Joie de vivre Hatred Hiraeth Homesickness Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Hygge Hysteria Ikigai (sense of purpose) Indulgence Infatuation Insecurity Inspiration Interest Irritation Isolation Jealousy Joy Kindness Loneliness Love limerence at first sight Lust Mono no aware Neglect Nostalgia Outrage Panic Passion Pity self-pity Pleasure Pride grandiosity hubris insult vanity Rage Regret Rejection Relief Remorse Resentment Revenge Sadness melancholy Saudade Schadenfreude Sehnsucht Sentimentality Shame Shock Shyness Social connection Sorrow Spite Stress chronic Suffering Surprise Sympathy Trust Wonder sense of wonder Worry
Worldviews	Cynicism Defeatism Fatalism Misanthropy Nihilism Optimism Pessimism Reclusion Weltschmerz
Related	Affect consciousness in education measures in psychology Affective computing forecasting neuroscience science spectrum Affectivity positive negative Appeal to emotion Amygdala hijack Emotion and art and memory and music and sex and sleep classification evolution expressed functional accounts group homeostatic in animals perception recognition in conversation regulation interpersonal work Emotional aperture bias blackmail competence conflict contagion detachment dysregulation eating exhaustion expression and gender intelligence and bullying Empathy quotient intimacy isolation lability labor lateralization literacy prosody reasoning responsivity security symbiosis thought method well-being Emotionality bounded Emotions and culture history in decision-making in the workplace in virtual communication moral self-conscious social social sharing sociology Feeling Group affective tone Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems Jealousy in art Meta-emotion Pathognomy Pathos Social emotional development Stoic passions Theory affect appraisal constructed emotion discrete emotion somatic marker
Italics indicate emotion names in foreign languages