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Coordinates: 56°49′N 24°29′E / 56.817°N 24.483°E / 56.817; 24.483
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'''Ikšķile''' ({{audio|Lv-Ikšķile.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-de|Uexküll}}; {{lang-liv|Ikškilā}}; {{lang-et|Üksküla}}) is a [[town]] in [[Latvia]], the administrative centre of [[Ikšķile municipality]]. It was the first capital of the [[Roman Catholic Bishopric of Livonia]], known by the [[List of German exonyms for places in Latvia|German name]] of [[Uexküll|Üxküll]]. [[Saint Meinhard]], known from the ''[[Livonian Chronicle of Henry]]'', was the first [[bishop of Üxküll]]. In 1197 [[Berthold of Hanover]], a [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] [[abbot of Loccum]], was made the second bishop of Üxküll. Those days the town was the center of the upcoming crusading activities in the Livonian area. Bishop Berthold moved the episcopal see to Riga, but was killed by the [[Livonian people|Livs]] in battle.
'''Ikšķile''' ({{audio|Lv-Ikšķile.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-de|Uexküll}}; {{lang-liv|Ikškilā}}; {{lang-et|Üksküla}}) is a [[town]] in [[Latvia]], the administrative centre of [[Ikšķile municipality]]. It was the first capital of the [[Roman Catholic Bishopric of Livonia]], known by the [[List of German exonyms for places in Latvia|German name]] of [[Uexküll|Üxküll]]. [[Saint Meinhard]], known from the ''[[Livonian Chronicle of Henry]]'', was the first [[bishop of Üxküll]]. In 1197 [[Berthold of Hanover]], a [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] [[abbot of Loccum]], was made the second bishop of Üxküll. Those days the town was the center of the upcoming crusading activities in the Livonian area. Bishop Berthold moved the episcopal see to Riga, but was killed by the [[Livonian people|Livs]] in battle.
Ikšķile is one Latvia's oldest populated counties. An ancient burial ground can be seen today in rural areas of Ikšķile. This site on the Daugava river has held a Livonian village as far back as the 9th - 12th century.


The [[Livonian language|Livonian]] word Ikšķile (or the German ''Uexküll'') denotes "the ford or islet(s), i.e. a place (on the [[Daugava River]]) where it was possible to cross the river, belonging to the son of the [[nobility|nobleman]] Ike”. The personal name Ike has the honourable meaning ‘age, lifetime’. The Ike family had a great power in Livonia. They controlled the military and trade traffic across the Daugava at Ykescola/Ykescole.<ref name=sutrop>{{cite journal|journal=Estonian Mother Tongue Society Year Book|volume=49|year=2003|author=Urmas Sutrop|title=Ykescola ~ Ykescole attested in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia and Üksküla (Uexküll). To Tõnu Karma on his 80th birthday}}</ref>
The [[Livonian language|Livonian]] word Ikšķile (or the German ''Uexküll'') denotes "the ford or islet(s), i.e. a place (on the [[Daugava River]]) where it was possible to cross the river, belonging to the son of the [[nobility|nobleman]] Ike”. The personal name Ike has the honourable meaning ‘age, lifetime’. The Ike family had a great power in Livonia. They controlled the military and trade traffic across the Daugava at Ykescola/Ykescole.<ref name=sutrop>{{cite journal|journal=Estonian Mother Tongue Society Year Book|volume=49|year=2003|author=Urmas Sutrop|title=Ykescola ~ Ykescole attested in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia and Üksküla (Uexküll). To Tõnu Karma on his 80th birthday}}</ref>
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== History ==
== History ==


Ikšķile is one of the oldest inhabited regions of Latvia. This is also evidenced by the mound and an ancient burial ground in the present rural area of Ikšķile. Already in the 9th - 12th centuries At the Daugava waterway there was a Liv village. The word "Ikšķile" comes from the Livonian words ''<small>ikš kīla</small>'' which in translation means "one village". In 1185 [[Gotland|Gotland's]] stone-mounds built the castle of Ikšķile with a chapel or church. In 1186, the upper [[List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen|bishop of Bremen]] appointed the monk [[Saint Meinhard|Meinard]] of Segeberga monastery (near [[Lübeck]]) as the first bishop of Ikšķile, under his leadership, Ikšķile became the center of [[Catholicism]] spreading in Latvia. Both the first bishop of Meinard and the second - Bertolt were buried inside the Ikšķile Church (Bishop Meinard was later reburied at the [[Riga Cathedral|Dome Church]] in Riga). In 1201, the third Bishop of Ikšķile, Albert, moved the Livonian Bishopric Center to Riga. During the [[Livonian Crusade|Cross Wars]] Ikšķile Castle was attacked by the [[Semigallians|Semigallian]] troops on the left bank of the Daugava several times, but in 1203 and 1206 [[Prince of Polotsk|Prince Vladimir of Polot]] tried to capture the castle.
Ikšķile is one of the oldest inhabited regions of Latvia. This is evidenced by the mound and an ancient burial ground in the present rural area of Ikšķile. By the 9th - 12th centuries there was already a Liv village on the Daugava waterway. In 1185 [[Gotland|Gotland's]] stone-mounds built the castle of Ikšķile with a chapel or church. In 1186 the upper [[List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen|bishop of Bremen]] appointed the monk [[Saint Meinhard|Meinard]], of Segeberga monastery, near [[Lübeck]], as the first bishop of Ikšķile. Under his leadership Ikšķile became the center from which [[Catholicism]] would spread in Latvia. Both Meinard and the second bishop, Bertolt, were buried inside Ikšķile Church (Bishop Meinard was later reburied at the [[Riga Cathedral|Dome Church]] in Riga). In 1201, the third Bishop of Ikšķile, Albert, moved the Livonian Bishopric Center to Riga. During the Livonian Crusade Ikšķile Castle was attacked by the [[Semigallians|Semigallian]] troops on the left bank of the Daugava several times, and in 1203 and 1206 [[Prince of Polotsk|Prince Vladimir of Polot]] tried to capture the castle.


[[File:Ikšķiles luterāņu baznīca 2000-12-03.jpg|thumbnail|Ikšķile Evangelical Lutheran Church|left]]
[[File:Ikšķiles luterāņu baznīca 2000-12-03.jpg|thumbnail|Ikšķile Evangelical Lutheran Church|left]]

Revision as of 21:27, 9 October 2018

Ikšķile
Town
Flag of Ikšķile
Flag
Coat of arms of Ikšķile
Coat of arms
Ikšķile is located in Latvia
Ikšķile
Ikšķile
Location in Latvia
Coordinates: 56°49′N 24°29′E / 56.817°N 24.483°E / 56.817; 24.483
Country Latvia
DistrictIkskile District
Town rights1992
Government
 • MayorIndulis Trapiņš
Area
 • Total
2.2 km2 (0.8 sq mi)
Population
 • Total
8,331
 • Density3,800/km2 (9,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
LV-5052
Calling code+371 650
Number of city council members15

Ikšķile (pronunciationⓘ; Template:Lang-de; Template:Lang-liv; Template:Lang-et) is a town in Latvia, the administrative centre of Ikšķile municipality. It was the first capital of the Roman Catholic Bishopric of Livonia, known by the German name of Üxküll. Saint Meinhard, known from the Livonian Chronicle of Henry, was the first bishop of Üxküll. In 1197 Berthold of Hanover, a Cistercian abbot of Loccum, was made the second bishop of Üxküll. Those days the town was the center of the upcoming crusading activities in the Livonian area. Bishop Berthold moved the episcopal see to Riga, but was killed by the Livs in battle.

The Livonian word Ikšķile (or the German Uexküll) denotes "the ford or islet(s), i.e. a place (on the Daugava River) where it was possible to cross the river, belonging to the son of the nobleman Ike”. The personal name Ike has the honourable meaning ‘age, lifetime’. The Ike family had a great power in Livonia. They controlled the military and trade traffic across the Daugava at Ykescola/Ykescole.[1]

Other sources tell that the word Ikšķile (or the german Üxküll, Uexküll) becomes from the meaning of (Finno-ugrian) Livonian word ükskül (yksikylä in Finnish). Ükskül (üks = one, kül = village) means simply just village number one, one village or The Village. [2]


History

Ikšķile is one of the oldest inhabited regions of Latvia. This is evidenced by the mound and an ancient burial ground in the present rural area of Ikšķile. By the 9th - 12th centuries there was already a Liv village on the Daugava waterway. In 1185 Gotland's stone-mounds built the castle of Ikšķile with a chapel or church. In 1186 the upper bishop of Bremen appointed the monk Meinard, of Segeberga monastery, near Lübeck, as the first bishop of Ikšķile. Under his leadership Ikšķile became the center from which Catholicism would spread in Latvia. Both Meinard and the second bishop, Bertolt, were buried inside Ikšķile Church (Bishop Meinard was later reburied at the Dome Church in Riga). In 1201, the third Bishop of Ikšķile, Albert, moved the Livonian Bishopric Center to Riga. During the Livonian Crusade Ikšķile Castle was attacked by the Semigallian troops on the left bank of the Daugava several times, and in 1203 and 1206 Prince Vladimir of Polot tried to capture the castle.

Ikšķile Evangelical Lutheran Church

In 1638, the municipality of Ikšķile included eight manors, of which the richest were the Ikšķile and Tīnūžu manor. 19th century There were two manors in the Ikšķile municipality - Ikšķile and Berkava manor. After the formation of Ogre, which originally belonged to the Ikšķile municipality, the area of Ikšķile parish was gradually reduced.

The castle of Ikšķile was destroyed in the 17th century, but the church (which was rebuilt many times) was destroyed in 1916 by the German army artillery. In 1933, a new Lutheran church was erected near Ikšķile near the station. Due to the construction of the Riga Hydroelectric Power Station and the construction of a reservoir, the ruins of the first stone church were preserved in the 1970s and increased and strengthened the island on which they are now located. Under the water there is a former castle and also the place of Ikšķile manor.

Government

The head of the city government in Ikšķile is the mayor. The incumbent mayor Indulis Trapiņš.[3]

Ikšķiles government is located at Ikšķile, Peldu street 22.

School

Ikšķile Secondary School - is a Latvian State School, founded in 1966. It is located in Ikskile. Ikšķile Secondary School is also a Junior Achievement Latvia School.

The origins of the Ikšķile school date back to 1864, when the first parish school was established under the leadership of the Ikšķile municipality between the river Daugava and the highway Riga - Daugavpils. Now this school building is named Zemturi. After the development of Ikšķile, after about a hundred years it was decided to build a new school. The building of the school took place very near the center of Ikšķile and now next to the new highway Riga - Daugavpils (A6). The Ikšķile School of the Ogre District was opened in 1966. The development and growth of the bustle did not stop locally, therefore additional schools were added to the existing schools in Ikšķile, which also enabled the establishment of a secondary school. From 1989 to 1990, the school was rebuilt, and in 1990 it was named the Ikšķile Secondary School.

Ikšķile library

Ikšķile District Central Library is a library in Ikšķile, located on Peldu street 22.

The first library of societies in the vicinity of Ikšķiles was formed and operated already at the beginning of the 19th century. The first written information about the library of Ikšķile region can be found at the beginning of V. Villeruš's book "Gājums", which states that in 1852 a Reading Association with 35 members was established in the Ikšķile municipality. After the Second World War, the library was restored in 1946. The library has changed over the years. In 1974, a separate children's library was created.

  • Ruins of the Ikšķile Church - the ruins of the oldest stone building in Latvia, located on a small islet, Sv. Meinard Island, artificially created in the Riga hydroelectric power station reservoir. Ikšķile Church was built in 1185. Under the direction of Bishop Meinard, rebuilt in 1879 - 1881, destroyed in 1916. After the flood of the Riga Hydroelectric Power Station in the 70's of the 20th century, it is surrounded by Hydroelectric Power Station waters. Today the ruins are preserved, a roof over them is built, an island is secured. Once a year, when the water level in the Riga Hydroelectric Power Station is lowered, it is possible to go to the church ruins on dry foot along the former road, which has old tree alley trunks that have survived.
  • Ikšķile Lutheran Church - Ikšķile, Kalēju street 1. Built in 1931 - 1933 by the architect Kundziņš project. During the Soviet era, the church was used as a bookstore for the State Library of Latvia.
  • Memorial stone - opposite the ruins of the old Ikšķile church. The stone with the name - Ikšķile- in Latvian, Liv and German languages was installed in 1988.
  • Ikšķile Spiritual Orthodox Church - Orthodox graves. Built in 1936.
  • Artist J. Kuga's dwelling house - Ikšķile, J.Kugas street 11. In this house lived a Latvian artist stage designer LMA professor Janis Kuga (1868 Ikšķile parish - 1969 in Toronto, Canada). J. Kuga is the founder of stage painting in Latvia. The house is an architectural monument of local significance, and it is planned to arrange a museum inside of the building.
  • Ikšķile Lutheran Cemetery - Ikšķile, Klusajā street. nside the cemetry there is a monument dedicated to the Latvian riflemen who were killed in the First World War, installed in 1926, and two gravestones that are national monuments of art.
  • Kapāmuru Brothers' Cemetery - Place of burial of the fallen Russian and German soldiers in the World War I in 1968 The monument made by sculptor J. Karlova.
  • Liepāderu brothers' cemetery - The soldiers who died in the Jugla battle of 1917 were buried here.
  • Turbu grandstand - The girder's trunk circumference is over 7.1 m.
  • Relziķu oak - trunk circumference 5.3 m.
  • Kranciema juniper - trunk circumference 1 m.
  • Ikšķiles open air stage - Cultural-historical place. Monument status from 2008.

See also

List of cities in Latvia

References

Source: William Urban, The Teutonic Knights, a Military History, (London 2003) 82,83. ISBN 1-85367-535-0

  1. ^ Urmas Sutrop (2003). "Ykescola ~ Ykescole attested in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia and Üksküla (Uexküll). To Tõnu Karma on his 80th birthday". Estonian Mother Tongue Society Year Book. 49.
  2. ^ Template:Cite latvijascentrs
  3. ^ ikskile.com (2015-04-29). "Ikšķiles novada mērs (vienotība) Indulis Trapiņš izsludina maksātnespēju | IKSKILE.COM". IKSKILE.COM (in Latvian). Retrieved 2018-06-19.
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