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==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
''Rudbeckia laciniata'' is widely cultivated in gardens and for cut flowers. Numerous [[cultivars]] have been developed, of which 'Herbstsonne' ("Autumn sun") and ‘Starcadia Razzle Dazzle’<ref>{{cite web
''Rudbeckia laciniata'' is widely cultivated in gardens and for cut flowers. Numerous [[cultivars]] have been developed, of which 'Herbstsonne' ("Autumn sun") and ‘Starcadia Razzle Dazzle’<ref>{{cite web
⚫
| url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/200455/i-Rudbeckia-laciniata-i-Starcadia-Razzle-Dazzle/Details | title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Rudbeckia laciniata'' 'Starcadia Razzle Dazzle'| accessdate = 11 October 2018}}</ref> have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Rudbeckia laciniata'' 'Herbstsonne'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1730|accessdate=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 93 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 11 October 2018}}</ref> However, the [[Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center]]<ref>{{NPIN}}</ref> notes that " Because it spreads rampantly by underground stems, cut-leaf coneflower is only appropriate for large sites."
| url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/200455/i-Rudbeckia-laciniata-i-Starcadia-Razzle-Dazzle/Details
⚫
title = RHS Plantfinder - | accessdate = 11 October 2018}}</ref> have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Rudbeckia laciniata'' 'Herbstsonne'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1730|accessdate=2 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 93 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 11 October 2018}}</ref> However, the [[Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center]]<ref>{{NPIN}}</ref> notes that " Because it spreads rampantly by underground stems, cut-leaf coneflower is only appropriate for large sites."


==Uses==
==Uses==

Revision as of 18:58, 11 October 2018

Rudbeckia laciniata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Rudbeckia
Species:
R. laciniata
Binomial name
Rudbeckia laciniata

Rudbeckia laciniata, commonly called cutleaf coneflower,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae). It is native to North America, where it is widespread in both Canada and the United States.[2] Its natural habitat is wet sites in flood plains, along stream banks, and in moist forests.[3]

Description

It is a robust herbaceous perennial growing up to 3 m (10 ft) tall. It has broadly ovate and somewhat glaucous leaves that are often deeply dissected. The composite flowers are produced in late summer and autumn. The disc flowers are green to yellowish green, while the rays are pale yellow.[4]

The specific epithet laciniata refers to the pinnately divided leaves.[5]

Taxonomy

Up to six varieties of Rudbeckia laciniata are currently recognized. The varieties ampla and heterophylla are considered to be the most distinctive, while the others less so. There is variation in treatment among authors, with the less distinctive varieties sometimes being subsumed into laciniata, and variety ampla sometimes recognized at the species level.[3][6]

The six varieties are:[7]

  • R. laciniata var. ampla - Native west of the Great Plains, into to the Rocky Mountains.
  • R. laciniata var. bipinnata - Native to New England and the Mid-Atlantic area.
  • R. laciniata var. digitata - Native to the Southeastern Coastal Plain.
  • R. laciniata var. heterophylla - Endemic to Levy County, Florida.
  • R. laciniata var. humilis - Native to the southern Appalachian Mountains.
  • R. laciniata var. laciniata - Widespread and common, native across eastern North America.

Names

Common names other than cutleaf coneflower include "cutleaf", "goldenglow", "green-headed coneflower", "tall coneflower", "sochan" and "thimbleweed".

Cultivation

Rudbeckia laciniata is widely cultivated in gardens and for cut flowers. Numerous cultivars have been developed, of which 'Herbstsonne' ("Autumn sun") and ‘Starcadia Razzle Dazzle’[8] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9][10] However, the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center[11] notes that " Because it spreads rampantly by underground stems, cut-leaf coneflower is only appropriate for large sites."

Uses

Traditionally, the young leaves have been gathered from the wild and eaten in the early spring. They are greatly favored as a potherb (cooked). Though some references state the use of this plant as salad greens (raw),[12] traditional use is as cooked greens.[13][14] This is assumed to be done to remove toxins. However, there is little evidence of their presence. One report cites circumstantial evidence of poisoning to horses, sheep and pigs.[15]

https://theonefeather.com/2014/04/gettin-wild-sochan/

http://archive.alleghenyfront.org/story/seed-bank-saves-traditional-food-plants.html

http://www.newstribune.com/news/features/story/2016/mar/02/dining-wild-goldenglow-offers-fresh-spring-greens/537416/

References

  1. ^ NRCS. "Rudbeckia laciniata". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  2. ^ "Rudbeckia laciniata". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  3. ^ a b Urbatsch, Lowell E.; Cox, Patricia B. (2006). "Rudbeckia laciniata". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 21. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
  5. ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
  6. ^ Yatskievych, George (2006). Flora of Missouri, Volume 2. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 544.
  7. ^ Alan Weakley (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  8. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Rudbeckia laciniata 'Starcadia Razzle Dazzle'". Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  9. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Rudbeckia laciniata 'Herbstsonne'". Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  10. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 93. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  11. ^ "Rudbeckia laciniata". Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin.
  12. ^ Banks, William. 2004. Plants of the Cherokee. Great Smoky Mts. Assn.: Gatlinburg, Tennessee.
  13. ^ Hamel, Paul; Chiltoskey, Mary U. (1975). Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History. Sylva Herald Publishing.
  14. ^ Witthoft, John (1977). "Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs". Journal of Cherokee Studies. 2 (2): 251.
  15. ^ Kingsbury, J.M. (1964). Poisonous Plants of the United States and Canada. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
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