Ma'adin Ijafen: Difference between revisions
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'''Ma'adin Ijafen''' is an archaeological site in an area of [[Dune|dunes]] in the [[Sahara Desert]] in eastern [[Mauritania]]. It was first discovered in the early 1960s by the [[French people|French]] explorer [[Théodore Monod]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=CU4lAnmnUhUC&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=%22Ma'den+Ijafen%22+monod&source=bl&ots=LO2BR-s2Eu&sig=aJBH41xSatpZ4qq56kmyuElSQWc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0hfqTp5neAhXGooMKHXaJCIkQ6AEwBHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Ma'den%20Ijafen%22%20monod&f=false|title=Red Gold of Africa: Copper in Precolonial History and Culture|last=Herbert|first=Eugenia W.|date=2003|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299096045|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Christie|first=A. C.|last2=Haour|first2=A.|date=2018-08-01|title=The ‘Lost Caravan’ of Ma’den Ijafen Revisited: Re-appraising Its Cargo of Cowries, a Medieval Global Commodity|url=http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/21915784-20180008|language=en|doi=10.1163/21915784-20180008}}</ref> Monod followed up on information provided by local hunters, searching for evidence to confirm the magnitude of the historical trans-Saharan [[copper]] trade. {{Cvt|450|mi|km}} into the desert, he located bundles of [[cowrie shells]] and [[Ingot|ingots]] of brass hidden in the sand.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Christie|first=A. C.|last2=Haour|first2=A.|date=2018-08-01|title=The ‘Lost Caravan’ of Ma’den Ijafen Revisited: Re-appraising Its Cargo of Cowries, a Medieval Global Commodity|url=http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/21915784-20180008|journal=Brill|language=en|doi=10.1163/21915784-20180008}}</ref> |
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The '''Ijafene''' is a [[Highland (geography)|highland]] area of the [[Sahara Desert]] in eastern [[Mauritania]]. |
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All told, Monod recovered 2,085 brass ingots |
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Brass ingots with 20% zinc.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=DhiPUvi1ylYC&pg=PA405&dq=%22Ma'den+Ijafen%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7vO6BpZneAhWWnoMKHSEfB44Q6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22Ma'den%20Ijafen%22%2020%25%20zinc&f=false|title=Excavations at Jenné-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali), the 1981 Season|last=McIntosh|first=Susan Keech|last2=McIntosh|first2=Professor Susan Keech|date=1995|publisher=University of California Press|year=|isbn=9780520097858|location=|pages=389|language=en}}</ref> Analysis of the [[Isotope geochemistry|lead isotopes]] |
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it is the site of an apparent [[Camel train|caravan]] wreck |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{coord missing|Mauritania}} |
{{coord missing|Mauritania}} |
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[[Category:Landforms of Mauritania]] |
[[Category:Landforms of Mauritania]] |
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[[Category:Plateaus of Africa]] |
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{{Mauritania-geo-stub}} |
{{Mauritania-geo-stub}} |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Mauritania]] |
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Revision as of 05:54, 22 October 2018
Ma'adin Ijafen is an archaeological site in an area of dunes in the Sahara Desert in eastern Mauritania. It was first discovered in the early 1960s by the French explorer Théodore Monod.[1][2] Monod followed up on information provided by local hunters, searching for evidence to confirm the magnitude of the historical trans-Saharan copper trade. 450 mi (720 km) into the desert, he located bundles of cowrie shells and ingots of brass hidden in the sand.[1][3]
All told, Monod recovered 2,085 brass ingots
Brass ingots with 20% zinc.[4] Analysis of the lead isotopes
it is the site of an apparent caravan wreck
References
- ^ a b Herbert, Eugenia W. (2003). Red Gold of Africa: Copper in Precolonial History and Culture. Univ of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299096045.
- ^ Christie, A. C.; Haour, A. (2018-08-01). "The 'Lost Caravan' of Ma'den Ijafen Revisited: Re-appraising Its Cargo of Cowries, a Medieval Global Commodity". doi:10.1163/21915784-20180008.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Christie, A. C.; Haour, A. (2018-08-01). "The 'Lost Caravan' of Ma'den Ijafen Revisited: Re-appraising Its Cargo of Cowries, a Medieval Global Commodity". Brill. doi:10.1163/21915784-20180008.
- ^ McIntosh, Susan Keech; McIntosh, Professor Susan Keech (1995). Excavations at Jenné-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali), the 1981 Season. University of California Press. p. 389. ISBN 9780520097858.
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