Tangaroa: Difference between revisions
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{{other uses}} |
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[[File:CarvingWakaTaua.jpg|right|280px|thumb|Carving from a war canoe.]] |
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In [[Māori mythology]], '''Tangaroa''' (also '''Takaroa''') is one of the great [[god]]s, the god of the [[sea]]. He is a son of [[Rangi and Papa|Ranginui and Papatūānuku]], [[Sky]] and [[Earth]]. After he joins his brothers [[Rongo]], [[Tūmatauenga]], [[Haumia]], and [[Tāne]] in the forcible separation of their parents, he is attacked by his brother [[Tawhirimatea|Tāwhirimātea]], the god of storms, and forced to hide in the sea.<ref>In the traditions of the [[Taranaki Region|Taranaki]] region, it is Tangaroa who forcibly separates Rangi and Papa from each other (Smith 1993:1–2). In the traditions of most other regions of New Zealand, Rangi and Papa were separated by Tāne, god of the forest.</ref> Tangaroa is the father of many sea creatures. Tangaroa's son, [[Punga (mythology)|Punga]], has two children, [[Ikatere]], the ancestor of [[fish]], and [[Tu-te-wehiwehi|Tū-te-wehiwehi]] (or Tū-te-wanawana), the ancestor of [[reptiles]]. Terrified by Tāwhirimātea's onslaught, the fish seek shelter in the sea, and the reptiles in the forests. Ever since, Tangaroa has held a grudge with Tāne, the god of forests, because he offers refuge to his runaway children (Grey 1971:1–5). |
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Tangaroa is sometimes depicted as a whale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://islandheritage.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/RNJ_12_3_Cressey.pdf |title=Info |website=islandheritage.org |format=PDF}}</ref> |
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The contention between Tangaroa and Tāne, the father of [[birds]], [[tree]]s, and humans, is an indication that the Māori thought of the ocean and the land as opposed realms. When people go out to sea to fish or to travel, they are in effect representatives of Tāne entering the realm of Tāne's enemy. For this reason, it was important that offerings were made to Tangaroa before any such expedition (Orbell 1998:146-147). |
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Another version of the origin of Tangaroa maintains that he is the son of [[Temoretu]], and that Papa is his wife. Papa commits adultery with Rangi while Tangaroa is away, and in the resulting battle Tangaroa's spear pierces Rangi through both his thighs. Papa then marries Rangi (White 1887–1891, I:22-23). |
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In another legend, Tangaroa marries [[Te Anu-matao]] (chilling cold). They are the parents of the gods ‘of the fish class’, including [[Te Whata-uira-a-Tangawa]], [[Te Whatukura]], [[Poutini]], and [[Te Pounamu]] (Shortland 1882:17). In some versions, Tangaroa has a son, [[Tinirau]], and nine daughters (1891:463). As Tangaroa-whakamau-tai he exercises control over the [[tide]]s. |
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In the [[South Island]], his name can take the form '''Takaroa'''. |
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==Elsewhere in the Pacific== |
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Tangaloa is one of the oldest Polynesian deities and in western [[Polynesia]] (for example, Samoa and Tonga) traditions has the status of ''supreme creator god''. In eastern Polynesian cultures Tangaroa is usually considered of equal status to Tāne and thus not supreme. |
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*In [[Samoa]]n [[mythology]], '''[[Tagaloa]]''' is the father of [[Losi (mythology)|Losi]] and Fue. |
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*In [[Rarotonga]] (Cook Islands), '''Tangaroa''' is the [[god of the sea]] and [[fertility god|fertility]]. He is the most important of all the departmental gods. Carved figures made from [[Cook Islands art|wood carvings]] are very popular on the island today.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5akbBi6sso8C&pg=PA23|title=Rarotonga & the Cook Islands|first=Errol|last=Hunt|date=11 August 2018|publisher=Lonely Planet|via=Google Books}}</ref> |
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*In [[Mangaia]] (Cook Islands), '''Tangaroa''' is a child of Vatea (daylight) and Papa (foundation) and the younger twin brother of Rongo. Rongo and Tangaroa share food and fish: Tangaroa's share is everything that is red (the red [[taro]], red fish and so on). Tangaroa is said to have [[blond|yellow hair]] and when Mangaians first saw [[Europe]]ans they thought they must be Tangaroa's children (Gill 1876:13, Tregear 1891:464). |
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*In [[Manihiki]] (Cook Islands), '''Tangaroa''' is the origin of fire. [[Māui (mythology)|Māui]] goes to him to obtain fire for humankind. Advised to reach Tangaroa's abode by taking the common path, he takes the forbidden path of death infuriating Tangaroa who tries to kick him to death. Māui manages to prevent that and insists that Tangaroa give him fire. Māui kills Tangaroa. When his parents are horrified, Māui uses incantations to bring him back to life (Tregear 1891:463-464). |
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*In [[Hawaii]], '''[[Kanaloa]]''' is associated with the [[squid]] or ''he{{okina}}e''. |
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*In [[Tahiti]], by the goddess [[Hina-Tu-A-Uta]], '''[[Ta'aroa]]''' is the father of [['Oro]]. |
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*In the [[Marquesas Islands]], the equivalent deities are '''Tana'oa''' or '''Taka'oa'''. |
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*In [[Tonga]], the '''[[Tangaloa (Tongan mythology)|Tangaloa]]''' family of gods resided in the sky and were the ancestors of the [[Tu'i Tonga|Tu{{okina}}i Tonga]] kings. |
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*In Rennell and Bellona Islands (Polynesian cultures in the southern Solomon Islands) '''Tangagoa''' is a sea god which stayed on the coastal cliff of east Rennell known as Toho, and flew in the night with a flame in the sky. Tangagoa was believed to take spirits of the dead, so when someone was near death, the sparkling fire would be seen at night. Some can still recall the time when this god appeared in the night as a flame in the sky, and have many tales of it. Tangagoa started to disappear in the 1970s and early 1980s when Christian missionaries visited the cliff and reportedly 'cast' him out. |
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*In Raiatea a legend reported by Professor [[Friedrich Ratzel]] in 1896<ref>[http://www.inquirewithin.biz/history/american_pacific/oceania/cosmogany-mythology.htm The History of Mankind] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706145107/http://www.inquirewithin.biz/history/american_pacific/oceania/cosmogany-mythology.htm |date=2011-07-06 }} by Professor Friedrich Ratzel, Volume I, Book II, Section A, Religion in Oceania page 308, MacMillan and Co., published 1896 accessed 16 Feb 2011.</ref> gave a picture of his all-pervading power. |
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*In Rapa Nui tradition Tangaroa was killed at Hotuiti bay and was buried in the surrounding area. |
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A legendary figure named Tagaro also features in the Melanesian cultures of north-eastern [[Vanuatu]]. In the beliefs of North [[Pentecost Island|Pentecost island]], Tagaro appears as a destructive trickster,<ref>J P Taylor 2008, ''The Other Side: Ways of Being and Place in Vanuatu''</ref> while in other areas, he is an eternal creator figure, and names cognate with Tagaro (such as [[Apma language|Apma]] ''Takaa'') are applied nowadays to the Christian God.<ref>Gray 2013, ''The Languages of Pentecost Island''</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Tagaloa]] Samoan mythology |
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*[[Tagroa Siria]] Rotuman mythology |
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*[[RV Tangaroa|RV ''Tangaroa'']], a New Zealand research vessel |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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===Bibliography=== |
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*W. W. Gill, ''Myths and Songs of the South Pacific'' (Henry S. King: London), 1876. |
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*G. Grey, ''Nga Mahi a Nga Tupuna'', fourth edition. First published 1854. (Reed: Wellington), 1971. |
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*M. Orbell, ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Māori Myth and Legend'' (Canterbury University Press: Christchurch), 1998. |
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*E. Shortland, ''Maori Religion and Mythology'' (Longman, Green: London), 1882. |
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*E. R. Tregear, ''Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary'' (Lyon and Blair: Lambton Quay), 1891. |
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*A. Smith, ''Songs and Stories of Taranaki from the Writings of Te Kahui Kararehe'' (MacMillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies: Christchurch), 1993. |
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*[[John White (ethnographer)|J. White]], ''The Ancient History of the Maori'', 6 Volumes (Government Printer: Wellington), 1887–1891. |
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==External links== |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080802012426/http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/OceanStudyAndConservation/TangaroaTheSea/en ''Tangaroa''] in Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |
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[[Category:Māori gods]] |
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[[Category:Sea and river gods]] |
Revision as of 18:48, 24 October 2018
ldfjkg jdl;fjldfngvdfgknsdfv,n vsdlnsdkfjkgjnsdlfvjdsfvsdfvsdrdi;vnkjsdm,vn sflikvj,mndf vxk,.mcvnd lfkj,dsmxcn v silkdj.fx,cmgh nvi jlkfdm.xc xv sl kdm,.fcxncv ldf.,jmnvc kfv,msdfvs;fl,mhn vx.,cmb.nsfdjgsfngjcmn. cnv sldkj,mx cnvx r,.mh znvxdv .m,rdn fx;chvxns dvsjdvnsdfjvsdnfvsdofvjsdklfvjsdvfl;sjdfvlsdjfvklsdfjvslkdfvjsldkfvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdlkvsjdfklvjdfklvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdflkvjsdflkvsjdflv;sjdfg;sdjfglk;j ;df sd fvnfdsnsdcn dfnfsdajf ncwneoewic riopve ogiwfjks nsgsd fgsdfg fngsdfjgmsndgsd f f sdfljkgnmsdfgsljdfngs dflgsjd.fkgsdhfjnmkg sdhnfgjkm,sdhngjks,mdfghniskjd,fmghnsdifkj,ghsdnfgikjsdhfgnsdjfmgnsdkfjgmhnsdfkj,gsnd fikglmsdhfngilkj.,sdfhgnsdkf.ghnsdlkf,.gmnsd flkg,jsdhfngldfjkg jdl;fjldfngvdfgknsdfv,n vsdlnsdkfjkgjnsdlfvjdsfvsdfvsdrdi;vnkjsdm,vn sflikvj,mndf vxk,.mcvnd lfkj,dsmxcn v silkdj.fx,cmgh nvi jlkfdm.xc xv sl kdm,.fcxncv ldf.,jmnvc kfv,msdfvs;fl,mhn vx.,cmb.nsfdjgsfngjcmn. cnv sldkj,mx cnvx r,.mh znvxdv .m,rdn fx;chvxns 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fngsdfjgmsndgsd f f sdfljkgnmsdfgsljdfngs dflgsjd.fkgsdhfjnmkg sdhnfgjkm,sdhngjks,mdfghniskjd,fmghnsdifkj,ghsdnfgikjsdhfgnsdjfmgnsdkfjgmhnsdfkj,gsnd fikglmsdhfngilkj.,sdfhgnsdkf.ghnsdlkf,.gmnsd flkg,jsdhfngldfjkg jdl;fjldfngvdfgknsdfv,n vsdlnsdkfjkgjnsdlfvjdsfvsdfvsdrdi;vnkjsdm,vn sflikvj,mndf vxk,.mcvnd lfkj,dsmxcn v silkdj.fx,cmgh nvi jlkfdm.xc xv sl kdm,.fcxncv ldf.,jmnvc kfv,msdfvs;fl,mhn vx.,cmb.nsfdjgsfngjcmn. cnv sldkj,mx cnvx r,.mh znvxdv .m,rdn fx;chvxns dvsjdvnsdfjvsdnfvsdofvjsdklfvjsdvfl;sjdfvlsdjfvklsdfjvslkdfvjsldkfvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdlkvsjdfklvjdfklvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdflkvjsdflkvsjdflv;sjdfg;sdjfglk;j ;df sd fvnfdsnsdcn dfnfsdajf ncwneoewic riopve ogiwfjks nsgsd fgsdfg fngsdfjgmsndgsd f f sdfljkgnmsdfgsljdfngs dflgsjd.fkgsdhfjnmkg sdhnfgjkm,sdhngjks,mdfghniskjd,fmghnsdifkj,ghsdnfgikjsdhfgnsdjfmgnsdkfjgmhnsdfkj,gsnd fikglmsdhfngilkj.,sdfhgnsdkf.ghnsdlkf,.gmnsd flkg,jsdhfngldfjkg jdl;fjldfngvdfgknsdfv,n vsdlnsdkfjkgjnsdlfvjdsfvsdfvsdrdi;vnkjsdm,vn sflikvj,mndf vxk,.mcvnd lfkj,dsmxcn v silkdj.fx,cmgh nvi jlkfdm.xc xv sl kdm,.fcxncv ldf.,jmnvc kfv,msdfvs;fl,mhn vx.,cmb.nsfdjgsfngjcmn. cnv sldkj,mx cnvx r,.mh znvxdv .m,rdn fx;chvxns dvsjdvnsdfjvsdnfvsdofvjsdklfvjsdvfl;sjdfvlsdjfvklsdfjvslkdfvjsldkfvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdlkvsjdfklvjdfklvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdflkvjsdflkvsjdflv;sjdfg;sdjfglk;j ;df sd fvnfdsnsdcn dfnfsdajf ncwneoewic riopve ogiwfjks nsgsd fgsdfg fngsdfjgmsndgsd f f sdfljkgnmsdfgsljdfngs dflgsjd.fkgsdhfjnmkg sdhnfgjkm,sdhngjks,mdfghniskjd,fmghnsdifkj,ghsdnfgikjsdhfgnsdjfmgnsdkfjgmhnsdfkj,gsnd fikglmsdhfngilkj.,sdfhgnsdkf.ghnsdlkf,.gmnsd flkg,jsdhfngldfjkg jdl;fjldfngvdfgknsdfv,n vsdlnsdkfjkgjnsdlfvjdsfvsdfvsdrdi;vnkjsdm,vn sflikvj,mndf vxk,.mcvnd lfkj,dsmxcn v silkdj.fx,cmgh nvi jlkfdm.xc xv sl kdm,.fcxncv ldf.,jmnvc kfv,msdfvs;fl,mhn vx.,cmb.nsfdjgsfngjcmn. cnv sldkj,mx cnvx r,.mh znvxdv .m,rdn fx;chvxns dvsjdvnsdfjvsdnfvsdofvjsdklfvjsdvfl;sjdfvlsdjfvklsdfjvslkdfvjsldkfvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdlkvsjdfklvjdfklvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdflkvjsdflkvsjdflv;sjdfg;sdjfglk;j ;df sd fvnfdsnsdcn dfnfsdajf ncwneoewic riopve ogiwfjks nsgsd fgsdfg fngsdfjgmsndgsd f f sdfljkgnmsdfgsljdfngs dflgsjd.fkgsdhfjnmkg sdhnfgjkm,sdhngjks,mdfghniskjd,fmghnsdifkj,ghsdnfgikjsdhfgnsdjfmgnsdkfjgmhnsdfkj,gsnd fikglmsdhfngilkj.,sdfhgnsdkf.ghnsdlkf,.gmnsd flkg,jsdhfngldfjkg jdl;fjldfngvdfgknsdfv,n vsdlnsdkfjkgjnsdlfvjdsfvsdfvsdrdi;vnkjsdm,vn sflikvj,mndf vxk,.mcvnd lfkj,dsmxcn v silkdj.fx,cmgh nvi jlkfdm.xc xv sl kdm,.fcxncv ldf.,jmnvc kfv,msdfvs;fl,mhn vx.,cmb.nsfdjgsfngjcmn. cnv sldkj,mx cnvx r,.mh znvxdv .m,rdn fx;chvxns dvsjdvnsdfjvsdnfvsdofvjsdklfvjsdvfl;sjdfvlsdjfvklsdfjvslkdfvjsldkfvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdlkvsjdfklvjdfklvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdflkvjsdflkvsjdflv;sjdfg;sdjfglk;j ;df sd fvnfdsnsdcn dfnfsdajf ncwneoewic riopve ogiwfjks nsgsd fgsdfg fngsdfjgmsndgsd f f sdfljkgnmsdfgsljdfngs dflgsjd.fkgsdhfjnmkg sdhnfgjkm,sdhngjks,mdfghniskjd,fmghnsdifkj,ghsdnfgikjsdhfgnsdjfmgnsdkfjgmhnsdfkj,gsnd fikglmsdhfngilkj.,sdfhgnsdkf.ghnsdlkf,.gmnsd flkg,jsdhfngldfjkg jdl;fjldfngvdfgknsdfv,n vsdlnsdkfjkgjnsdlfvjdsfvsdfvsdrdi;vnkjsdm,vn sflikvj,mndf vxk,.mcvnd lfkj,dsmxcn v silkdj.fx,cmgh nvi jlkfdm.xc xv sl kdm,.fcxncv ldf.,jmnvc kfv,msdfvs;fl,mhn vx.,cmb.nsfdjgsfngjcmn. cnv sldkj,mx cnvx r,.mh znvxdv .m,rdn fx;chvxns dvsjdvnsdfjvsdnfvsdofvjsdklfvjsdvfl;sjdfvlsdjfvklsdfjvslkdfvjsldkfvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdlkvsjdfklvjdfklvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdflkvjsdflkvsjdflv;sjdfg;sdjfglk;j ;df sd fvnfdsnsdcn dfnfsdajf ncwneoewic riopve ogiwfjks nsgsd fgsdfg fngsdfjgmsndgsd f f sdfljkgnmsdfgsljdfngs dflgsjd.fkgsdhfjnmkg sdhnfgjkm,sdhngjks,mdfghniskjd,fmghnsdifkj,ghsdnfgikjsdhfgnsdjfmgnsdkfjgmhnsdfkj,gsnd fikglmsdhfngilkj.,sdfhgnsdkf.ghnsdlkf,.gmnsd flkg,jsdhfngldfjkg jdl;fjldfngvdfgknsdfv,n vsdlnsdkfjkgjnsdlfvjdsfvsdfvsdrdi;vnkjsdm,vn sflikvj,mndf vxk,.mcvnd lfkj,dsmxcn v silkdj.fx,cmgh nvi jlkfdm.xc xv sl kdm,.fcxncv ldf.,jmnvc kfv,msdfvs;fl,mhn vx.,cmb.nsfdjgsfngjcmn. cnv sldkj,mx cnvx r,.mh znvxdv .m,rdn fx;chvxns dvsjdvnsdfjvsdnfvsdofvjsdklfvjsdvfl;sjdfvlsdjfvklsdfjvslkdfvjsldkfvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdlkvsjdfklvjdfklvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvsjdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdfklvjsdflkvjsdflkvjsdflkvsjdflv;sjdfg;sdjfglk;j ;df sd fvnfdsnsdcn dfnfsdajf ncwneoewic riopve ogiwfjks nsgsd fgsdfg fngsdfjgmsndgsd f f sdfljkgnmsdfgsljdfngs dflgsjd.fkgsdhfjnmkg sdhnfgjkm,sdhngjks,mdfghniskjd,fmghnsdifkj,ghsdnfgikjsdhfgnsdjfmgnsdkfjgmhnsdfkj,gsnd fikglmsdhfngilkj.,sdfhgnsdkf.ghnsdlkf,.gmnsd flkg,jsdhfng