Grüningen: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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Grüningen is first mentioned in 1243 as ''apud Gruningin''.<ref name=HDS/> The village of Itzikon was first mentioned in 837 as ''in Izinheimo'' and Binzikon was mentioned in 854 as ''in willa Pinuzzinhovun''. |
Grüningen is first mentioned in 1243 as ''apud Gruningin''.<ref name=HDS/> The village of Itzikon was first mentioned in 837 as ''in Izinheimo'' and Binzikon was mentioned in 854 as ''in willa Pinuzzinhovun''. |
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In order to protect the historic town nucleus from through traffic, a [[Bypass (road)|bypass]] has been planned from 2003. |
In order to protect the historic town nucleus from through traffic, a [[Bypass (road)|bypass]] has been planned from 2003. |
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A project by [[Santiago Calatrava]] was presented as the winning submission in September 2018.<ref>Stefan Hotz, "Santiago Calatrava befreit Grüningen vom Verkehr" [[NZZ]], 4 September 2018.</ref> |
A project by [[Santiago Calatrava]] was presented as the winning submission in September 2018.<ref>Stefan Hotz, "Santiago Calatrava befreit Grüningen vom Verkehr" [[NZZ]], 4 September 2018.</ref> |
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<gallery> |
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File:Grüningen - Belagerung 1443.jpg|Siege of Grüningen in the [[Old Zürich War]] (15th century drawing) |
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File:Groningiaevitrum1563JMurerI.jpg|''[[Wappenscheibe]]'' of Grüningen bailiwick (1563) |
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File:Wetzikon Meilen Bahn Grüningen.JPG|Wetzikon-Meilen trolley in Grüningen (c. 1930) |
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</gallery> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Revision as of 09:11, 26 October 2018
Grüningen | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Grüningen  | |
  Grüningen  Grüningen | |
| Coordinates: 47°17′N 8°46′E / 47.283°N 8.767°E | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Zürich |
| District | Hinwil |
| Area | |
• Total | 8.78 km2 (3.39 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 502 m (1,647 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018)[2] | |
• Total | 3,474 |
| • Density | 400/km2 (1,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 8627 |
| SFOS number | 0116 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-ZH |
| Surrounded by | Gossau, Bubikon, Hombrechtikon, Oetwil am See, Egg |
| Website | www SFSO statistics |
Grüningen is a town and municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland, notable for its well-preserved historic nucleus.
History
Grüningen is first mentioned in 1243 as apud Gruningin.[3] The village of Itzikon was first mentioned in 837 as in Izinheimo and Binzikon was mentioned in 854 as in willa Pinuzzinhovun.
In the Strangenholz area of the municipality, burial mounds from a Hallstatt era population have been found. The Alamannic settlement dates to c. the 8th century, based on 9th-century records of Itzikon and Binzikon.
Grüningen castle was built from the early 13th century, most likely by the counts of Rapperswil, who acted as reeves for Einsiedeln Abbey. Grüningen is recorded as a possession of Einsiedeln during 1217–1222. Around 1230, Grüningen passed from Einsiedeln to the Abbey of Saint Gall and was at first given as a fief to the counts of Kyburg, and in 1253 to Lütold VI, head of the baronial Regensberg family. The small settlement that had grown up around the castle was developed into a medieval city, with fortifications and market rights, around the mid 13th century, likely under Lütold VI. In 1269, Lütold was forced to cede the fief back to St. Gallen, as he was in financial difficulties following his feuds with both the city of Zürich and with count Rudolf von Habsburg The abbey pawned the fief to Walter von Elgg in 1273, but it was acquired by Rudolf von Habsburg, now elected King Rudolf I of Germany, in the following year.[4]
Grüningen held city rights since before 1370 (first record of the city seal and coat of arms), as one of four localities in the canton of Zürich which held city rights before the end of the medieval period, the other three being Zürich itself, Winterthur and Elgg. The town remained in Habsburg possession throughout the 14th century, administrated by the counts of Toggenburg from 1314, and by Heinrich Gessler of Meienberg from 1374. Gessler improved the castle fortifications against the threat of the Swiss Confederacy in the years leading up to the Sempach War, and Grüningen was raided several times by Zürich during the 1370s to 1380s.
Heinrich Gessler died in 1403 and was succeeded by his son Hermann, who was finally forced to pawn Grüningen to Zürich. Leopolod IV of Habsburg was upset over this, and attempted to regain Grüningen from Zürich, but without success.[5] Grüningen remained bailiwick (Landvogtei) of Zürich until the French invasion of 1798.
Conrad Grebel ((c. 1498–1526), co-founder of the Swiss Brethren movement, was likely a native of Grüningen.
The former bailiwick became the district (Oberamt) of Grüningen in 1815. Development stagnated in the 19th century, and Grüningen barely participated in the industrial revolution. As of 1836, there were 300 people employed in farming, 200 in the cotton and silk homeworking industry, and 112 in other crafts. In 1831, the administrative seat of the district was moved to Hinwil. Population declined from c. 1,700 in 1850 to c. 1,200 in 1900. From 1836, there was a mail coach connecting Grüningen to Zürich, from 1838 one to Stäfa. Grüningen was on the trolley line Wetzikon-Meilen, operating 1903–1950. Since 1950, Verkehrsbetriebe Zürichsee und Oberland have operated a bus service. Population grew slowly over the first half of the 20th century, back to c. 1,700 (the population of 1850) by about 1960. Population growth accelerated after c. 1960, passing the 3,000 mark by 2010. In 1976, Grüningen received the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.
In order to protect the historic town nucleus from through traffic, a bypass has been planned from 2003. A project by Santiago Calatrava was presented as the winning submission in September 2018.[6]
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Siege of Grüningen in the Old Zürich War (15th century drawing) -
Wappenscheibe of Grüningen bailiwick (1563) -
View of Grüningen town and castle (1654) -
Wetzikon-Meilen trolley in Grüningen (c. 1930)
Geography
Grüningen municipality has an area of 8.8 km2 (3.4 sq mi). Of this area, 62.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 20.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 14.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (2.5%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[7] In 1996[update] housing and buildings made up 10.6% of the total area, while transportation infrastructure made up the rest (4%).[8] Of the total unproductive area, water (streams and lakes) made up 0.5% of the area. As of 2007[update] 9.2% of the total municipal area was undergoing some type of construction.[8]
The municipality is located in the Zürcher Oberland and includes the town of Grüningen proper, besides the villages and hamlets of Itzikon, Binzikon, Bächelsrüti, Adeltshausen and Holzhausen as well as scattered individual houses.
Wakker prize
The Wakker prize was awarded to Grüningen for the efforts that the Heimatschutzgesellschaft (Swiss heritage society) put into maintaining the historic appearance of the town. Their efforts included watching over any changes that were made to the city and presenting suggestions for improvement. They developed and staffed a local museum, presented cultural events and published information about the town's heritage.[9]
Demographics
Grüningen has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 3,716.[10] As of 2007[update], 11.1% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. As of 2008[update] the gender distribution of the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 4.4%. Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (92.0%), with Italian being second most common ( 1.9%) and English being third ( 1.3%).
In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 43.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (12.3%), the FDP (11.7%) and the CSP (11%).
The age distribution of the population (as of 2000[update]) is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.8%. The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Grüningen about 75.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). There are 1135 households in Grüningen.[8]
Grüningen has an unemployment rate of 1.36%. As of 2005[update], there were 136 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 49 businesses involved in this sector. 300 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 36 businesses in this sector. 803 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 88 businesses in this sector.[7] As of 2007[update] 46% of the working population were employed full-time, and 54% were employed part-time.[8]
As of 2008[update] there were 663 Catholics and 1573 Protestants in Grüningen. In the 2000 census[update], religion was broken down into several smaller categories. From the 2000 census, 57.7% were some type of Protestant, with 53.3% belonging to the Swiss Reformed Church and 4.4% belonging to other Protestant churches. 25.7% of the population were Catholic. Of the rest of the population, 0% were Muslim, 3% belonged to another religion (not listed), 2.7% did not give a religion, and 10.2% were atheist or agnostic.[8]
The historical population is given in the following table:[3][11]
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1467 | 38 Households |
| 1634 | 674 |
| 1739 | 1,040 |
| 1850 | 1,695 |
| 1900 | 1,207 |
| 1950 | 1,450 |
| 1990 | 2,597 |
| 2000 | 2,811 |
| 2010 | 3,165 |
Climate
Grüningen has an average of 144.3 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,328 mm (52.3 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is August during which time Grüningen receives an average of 162 mm (6.4 in) of precipitation. During the wettest month, there is precipitation for an average of 14.3 days.[12]
References
- ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
- ^ a b Grüningen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ Altdorfer, Werner (1987). Rund um den Bachtel - Heimatkundliches aus dem Zürcher Oberland (in German). Wetzikon: Buchverlang der Druckerei Wetzikon AG. ISBN 978-3-85981138-6.
- ^ Grüningen Vogtei in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ Stefan Hotz, "Santiago Calatrava befreit Grüningen vom Verkehr" NZZ, 4 September 2018.
- ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 2016-01-05 at the Wayback Machine accessed 6 August 2009
- ^ a b c d e Statistics Zürich Template:De icon accessed 4 August 2009
- ^ Wakker Prize Archived 2015-04-11 at the Wayback Machine Template:De icon accessed 6 August 2009
- ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ Grüningen Today Template:De icon accessed 20 May 2011
- ^ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help), the weather station elevation is 495 metres (1,624 feet) above sea level.
External links
Media related to Grüningen at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website Template:De icon
- Grüningen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- Grüningen Vogtei in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
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