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The term '''Hori''' is an offensive derogatory term for a person of [[Māori people|Māori]] descent. The term comes from a transliteration of the English name [[George (name)|George]], which was very popular during the early years of European colonisation of New Zealand. By means of [[synecdoche]], the term came to be ascribed firstly to any unknown male Māori, and then as a negative epithet to all male Māori.<ref name="Hbomb">{{cite web | url=https://linguisticsmassey.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/dropping-the-h-bomb/ | title=Dropping the H-bomb? | publisher=Linguistics and Second Language Teaching, Massey University | date=5 June 2008 | accessdate=2 April 2015 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403073757/https://linguisticsmassey.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/dropping-the-h-bomb/ | archivedate=2015-04-03 | deadurl=no}}</ref> |
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Hori |
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The usage as a derogatory term for Māori grew with the increasing urbanisation of Māori<ref>Taonui, R. "[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/nga-tuakiri-hou-new-maori-identities/page-2 Ngā tuakiri hōu – new Māori identities]", ''Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand''. 18 September 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2015.</ref> and is still common, though its usage may be less than in past decades. The level of offence implied by the use of the term has varied over time and with context. In the mid 1950s there was a radio sketch "Dad and Hori",<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harker |first1=Caroline |title=Developing a national sense of humour, 1900–1970 |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/humour/page-2 |website=Te Ara |publisher=New Zealand government |accessdate=31 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ralston |first1=Bill |title=Silly buggers |url=https://www.noted.co.nz/archive/listener-nz-2009/silly-buggers/ |accessdate=31 October 2018 |work=Noted |date=1 August 2009}}</ref> and in the early 1960s the [[Pākehā]] writer W. Norman McCallum published several bestselling comedic books under the pseudonym "Hori".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hughes|first1=Shaun F. D.|title=Was there ever a "Maori English"?|journal=World Englishes|date=November 2004|volume=23|issue=4|pages=565–584|doi=10.1111/j.0083-2919.2004.00377.x}}<!--|accessdate=6 April 2015--></ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Melissa Matutina|title=Panguru and the city : kāinga tahi, kāinga rua : an urban migration history|date=2015|publisher=Bridget Williams Books|isbn=9781927247921|page=265}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Story: European ideas about Māori Page 3 – Hard racism and the ‘Call of the Pah’. Polygenist ideas|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/european-ideas-about-maori/page-3|website=Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=6 April 2015}}</ref> The pseudonym was chosen as a typical Māori name, and the books depicted Māori as overweight, lazy, and happy-go lucky. |
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In recent years amongst Māori it has to some extent been "reclaimed" by the community which it was originally intended to insult - being often used as a term of endearment or as a signifier of "keeping it real".<ref name="Hbomb"/> An example is the musical group AHoriBuzz, the frontman of which describes the term as embracing Māori humour.<ref name="RNZAHoriBuzzInterview">{{cite web | url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/nat-music/audio/201766528/a-hori-buzz-nation-of-the-state | title=A Hori Buzz - Nation of The State |
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| publisher=Radio New Zealand | date=15 August 2015 | accessdate=10 June 2017 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027085324/http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/nat-music/audio/201766528/a-hori-buzz-nation-of-the-state | archivedate=2015-10-27 | deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="HoriBuzzInterview">{{cite web | url=http://www.sounzgood.co.nz/2011/02/a-hori-buzz-interview/ | title=A Hori Buzz interview | publisher=sounzgood.co.nz | date=6 February 2011 | accessdate=26 June 2015 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625221340/http://www.sounzgood.co.nz/2011/02/a-hori-buzz-interview/ | archivedate=2015-06-25 | deadurl=yes}}</ref>This "reclaimation" over the last 20 years has progressed so far that that many youth may have no idea that the word is a racial slur.<ref name="RNZAHoriBuzzInterview"/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 11:01, 27 November 2018
The term Hori is an offensive derogatory term for a person of Māori descent. The term comes from a transliteration of the English name George, which was very popular during the early years of European colonisation of New Zealand. By means of synecdoche, the term came to be ascribed firstly to any unknown male Māori, and then as a negative epithet to all male Māori.[1]
The usage as a derogatory term for Māori grew with the increasing urbanisation of Māori[2] and is still common, though its usage may be less than in past decades. The level of offence implied by the use of the term has varied over time and with context. In the mid 1950s there was a radio sketch "Dad and Hori",[3][4] and in the early 1960s the Pākehā writer W. Norman McCallum published several bestselling comedic books under the pseudonym "Hori".[5][6][7] The pseudonym was chosen as a typical Māori name, and the books depicted Māori as overweight, lazy, and happy-go lucky.
In recent years amongst Māori it has to some extent been "reclaimed" by the community which it was originally intended to insult - being often used as a term of endearment or as a signifier of "keeping it real".[1] An example is the musical group AHoriBuzz, the frontman of which describes the term as embracing Māori humour.[8][9]This "reclaimation" over the last 20 years has progressed so far that that many youth may have no idea that the word is a racial slur.[8]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Dropping the H-bomb?". Linguistics and Second Language Teaching, Massey University. 5 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Taonui, R. "Ngā tuakiri hōu – new Māori identities", Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 18 September 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
- ^ Harker, Caroline. "Developing a national sense of humour, 1900–1970". Te Ara. New Zealand government. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
- ^ Ralston, Bill (1 August 2009). "Silly buggers". Noted. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
- ^ Hughes, Shaun F. D. (November 2004). "Was there ever a "Maori English"?". World Englishes. 23 (4): 565–584. doi:10.1111/j.0083-2919.2004.00377.x.
- ^ Williams, Melissa Matutina (2015). Panguru and the city : kāinga tahi, kāinga rua : an urban migration history. Bridget Williams Books. p. 265. ISBN 9781927247921.
- ^ "Story: European ideas about Māori Page 3 – Hard racism and the 'Call of the Pah'. Polygenist ideas". Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ a b "A Hori Buzz - Nation of The State". Radio New Zealand. 15 August 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-10-27. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "A Hori Buzz interview". sounzgood.co.nz. 6 February 2011. Archived from the original on 2015-06-25. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
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