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<ref name="avis">{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=134261|title= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref> (Codes) <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf|title= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families TDWG Geocodes}}</ref><ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=neottia+nidus-avis Altervista Flora Italiana, Nido d'uccello, Bird's Nest Orchid, ''Neottia nidus-avis'' (L.) L.C. Rich. - Nomencl. ref.: De Orchid. Eur.: 37. 1817] includes European range map</ref><ref>Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2005). Flora Iberica 21: 1-366. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.</ref><ref>Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.</ref><ref>Curtis, T. & Thompson, R. (2009). The orchids of Ireland: 1-160. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Cultra, Holywood.</ref><ref>Vázquez Pardo, F.M. (2009). Revisión de la familia Orchidaceae en Extremadura (España). Folia Botanica Extremadurensis 3: 1-367.</ref><ref>Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.</ref><ref>El Mokni, R., Mahmoudi, M.R. & El Aouni, M.H. (2010). ''Neottia nidus-avis'' (L.) L.C.M.Rich.: une nouvelle orchidée pour la flore de la Tunisie. L' Orchidophile. Revue de la Société Française d' Orchidophilie 186: 181-187.</ref>
<ref name="avis">{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=134261|title= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families}}</ref> (Codes) <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf|title= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families TDWG Geocodes}}</ref><ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=neottia+nidus-avis Altervista Flora Italiana, Nido d'uccello, Bird's Nest Orchid, ''Neottia nidus-avis'' (L.) L.C. Rich. - Nomencl. ref.: De Orchid. Eur.: 37. 1817] includes European range map</ref><ref>Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2005). Flora Iberica 21: 1-366. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.</ref><ref>Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.</ref><ref>Curtis, T. & Thompson, R. (2009). The orchids of Ireland: 1-160. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Cultra, Holywood.</ref><ref>Vázquez Pardo, F.M. (2009). Revisión de la familia Orchidaceae en Extremadura (España). Folia Botanica Extremadurensis 3: 1-367.</ref><ref>Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.</ref><ref>El Mokni, R., Mahmoudi, M.R. & El Aouni, M.H. (2010). ''Neottia nidus-avis'' (L.) L.C.M.Rich.: une nouvelle orchidée pour la flore de la Tunisie. L' Orchidophile. Revue de la Société Française d' Orchidophilie 186: 181-187.</ref>


''Neottia nidus-avis'' grows to 40cm tall and each shoot can carry up to 60 flowers. Plants are achlorophyllous, deriving all their nutrition from a [[mycorrhizal fungus]] in the soil/litter, which in turn derives nutrition from the roots of trees.<ref>[https://www.first-nature.com/flowers/neottia-nidus-avis.php First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis]</ref><ref>[https://www.albiflora.eu/blog/?page_id=1256 Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis]</ref> Plants are generally beige-brown, though sometimes yellowish or white forms are discovered. This species of orchid can be hard to spot, being [[camoflage|camoflaged]] against the leaf litter.
''Neottia nidus-avis'' grows to 40cm tall and each shoot can carry up to 60 flowers. Plants are not in any part green, deriving all their nutrition from a [[mycorrhizal fungus]] in the soil/litter, which in turn derives nutrition from the roots of trees.<ref>[https://www.first-nature.com/flowers/neottia-nidus-avis.php First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis]</ref><ref>[https://www.albiflora.eu/blog/?page_id=1256 Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis]</ref> Plants are generally beige-brown, though sometimes yellowish or white forms are discovered. This species of orchid can be hard to spot, being [[camoflage|camoflaged]] against the leaf litter.


In the British Isles, ''Neottia nidus-avis'' is found in shady woodland, especially [[Fagus sylvatica|beech]], on basic soils.<ref name="Stace">{{cite book |author=[[Clive A. Stace]] |year=2010 |title=New Flora of the British Isles |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-70772-5 |pages=864–865 |chapter=''Neottia'' Guett. (''Listera'' R. Br.) – twayblades}}</ref>
In the British Isles, ''Neottia nidus-avis'' is found in shady woodland, especially [[Fagus sylvatica|beech]], on basic soils.<ref name="Stace">{{cite book |author=[[Clive A. Stace]] |year=2010 |title=New Flora of the British Isles |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-70772-5 |pages=864–865 |chapter=''Neottia'' Guett. (''Listera'' R. Br.) – twayblades}}</ref>

Revision as of 08:59, 29 November 2018

Bird's-nest orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Orchidaceae
Subfamily:
Epidendroideae
Genus:
Neottia
Species:
N. nidus-avis
Binomial name
Neottia nidus-avis
Synonyms[1]
  • Ophrys nidus-avis L.
  • Epipactis nidus-avis (L.) Crantz
  • Listera nidus-avis (L.) Curtis
  • Helleborine nidus-avis (L.) F.W.Schmidt
  • Malaxis nidus-avis (L.) Bernh.
  • Serapias nidus-avis (L.) Steud.
  • Neottidium nidus-avis (L.) Schltdl.
  • Distomaea nidus-avis (L.) Spenn.
  • Helleborine succulenta F.W.Schmidt
  • Neottia macrostelis Peterm.
  • Neottia squamosa Dulac
  • Neottia orobanchoidea St.-Lag.
  • Neottia nidus-avis f. glandulosa Beck
  • Neottia nidus-avis f. dilatata Zapal.
  • Neottia nidus-avis f. micrantha Zapal.

Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, is a non-photosynthetic orchid. It is widespread across most of Europe, occurring also in Algeria, Tunisia, western Siberia, the Caucasus, Iran and Turkey. [1] (Codes) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Neottia nidus-avis grows to 40cm tall and each shoot can carry up to 60 flowers. Plants are not in any part green, deriving all their nutrition from a mycorrhizal fungus in the soil/litter, which in turn derives nutrition from the roots of trees.[10][11] Plants are generally beige-brown, though sometimes yellowish or white forms are discovered. This species of orchid can be hard to spot, being camoflaged against the leaf litter.

In the British Isles, Neottia nidus-avis is found in shady woodland, especially beech, on basic soils.[12]

Across Europe, this species flowers May-June.[13][14]

Conservation status in the UK is near-threatened.[15]

Neottia nidus-avis has been found to flourish only in partnership with mycorrhizal fungi in the genus Sebacina, particularly Sebacina dimitica in the UK.[16]

Pollination is carried out by Diptera and possibly also ants. Self-pollination may occur if insects do not pollinate the plants.[17]

The Latin binomial Neottia nidus-avis, as well as the common names of this orchid in several languages, derive from a comparison of the tangled roots of the plant to a bird's nest.[18][19]

References

  1. ^ a b "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
  2. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families TDWG Geocodes" (PDF).
  3. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Nido d'uccello, Bird's Nest Orchid, Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C. Rich. - Nomencl. ref.: De Orchid. Eur.: 37. 1817 includes European range map
  4. ^ Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2005). Flora Iberica 21: 1-366. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  5. ^ Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
  6. ^ Curtis, T. & Thompson, R. (2009). The orchids of Ireland: 1-160. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Cultra, Holywood.
  7. ^ Vázquez Pardo, F.M. (2009). Revisión de la familia Orchidaceae en Extremadura (España). Folia Botanica Extremadurensis 3: 1-367.
  8. ^ Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  9. ^ El Mokni, R., Mahmoudi, M.R. & El Aouni, M.H. (2010). Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C.M.Rich.: une nouvelle orchidée pour la flore de la Tunisie. L' Orchidophile. Revue de la Société Française d' Orchidophilie 186: 181-187.
  10. ^ First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis
  11. ^ Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis
  12. ^ Clive A. Stace (2010). "Neottia Guett. (Listera R. Br.) – twayblades". New Flora of the British Isles (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 864–865. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.
  13. ^ First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis
  14. ^ Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis
  15. ^ Wildlife Trusts - Birds Nest Orchid
  16. ^ New Phytologist - Symbiotic germination and development of the myco‐heterotrophic orchid Neottia nidus‐avis in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Sebacina spp.
  17. ^ An Atlas of Orchid Pollination: European Orchids
  18. ^ First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis
  19. ^ Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis


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