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| producer = {{plainlist|
| producer = {{plainlist|
* [[Marty Adelstein]]
* [[Marty Adelstein]]
⚫
* [[Steve Hoban]]
⚫
* Glen Morgan
*[[Bob Clark]]
* Dawn Parouse
* Dawn Parouse
* Victor Solnicki
* Victor Solnicki
⚫
* [[Steve Hoban]]
* [[James Wong (producer)|James Wong]]
* [[James Wong (producer)|James Wong]]
⚫
* Glen Morgan
}}
}}
| screenplay = Glen Morgan
| screenplay = Glen Morgan

Revision as of 22:05, 11 December 2018

Black Christmas
Theatrical release poster
Directed byGlen Morgan
Screenplay byGlen Morgan
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyRobert McLachlan
Edited byChris Willingham
Music byShirley Walker
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • December 15, 2006 (2006-12-15) (United Kingdom)
  • December 19, 2006 (2006-12-19) (Grauman's Chinese Theatre)
  • December 25, 2006 (2006-12-25) (United States)
Running time
84 minutes (European cut)[3]
91 minutes (North American cut)[4]
Countries
LanguageEnglish
Budget$9 million[5]
Box office$21.5 million[6]

Black Christmas (abbreviated as Black X-Mas) is a 2006 slasher film written and directed by Glen Morgan and starring Katie Cassidy, Michelle Trachtenberg, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Oliver Hudson, Lacey Chabert, Kristen Cloke, and Andrea Martin. The film takes place several days before Christmas and tells the story of a group of sorority sisters who are stalked and murdered by the house's former inhabitants during a winter storm. It is a loose remake of the 1974 film of the same name. A co-production of Canada and the United States, the film was produced by Morgan and James Wong through their production company Hard Eight Pictures, along with 2929 Productions, Adelstein-Parouse Productions and Hoban Segal Productions.

Director Glen Morgan signed on to write and direct the film after the release of his 2003 remake of Willard. Shooting took place in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 2005. The film was co-distributed by Dimension Films and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. According to Morgan, he and Wong had numerous disputes with Dimension executives Bob and Harvey Weinstein regarding the tone of the script as well as the film's conclusion, which resulted in numerous re-writes and re-shoots.

In December 2006, upon anticipation of its release, the film garnered criticism from religious groups due to its depiction of graphic content in a holiday setting, as well as the distributor's decision to release the film on Christmas Day in the United States. The film opened in the United Kingdom on December 15, 2006, and, premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles, California on December 19. Despite backlash from some religious organizations, Black Christmas was released in the United States on December 25, 2006. The film received mostly negative reviews from critics and went on to gross $21 million worldwide against a $9 million budget.

Plot

William Edward "Billy" Lenz, a boy born with severe jaundice, is constantly abused by his hateful mother, Constance Lenz. With the help of her lover; Constance murders Billy's father, Frank on Christmas Eve 1975 and buries his body in the house's crawlspace. To prevent Billy from talking, she imprisons him in the attic. Years later, Constance attempts to conceive another child, but realizes that her boyfriend is impotent. She goes to the attic and rapes twelve-year-old Billy. Nine months later, Constance gives birth to their daughter, Agnes.

Constance uses the occasion of Agnes' birth to further reject Billy, and her boyfriend believes he fathered Agnes. On Christmas Day 1991, Billy escapes from the attic and disfigures eight-year-old Agnes by gouging out her eye. He then brutally murders his mother and her lover. He is caught by police eating cookies made out of his mother's flesh, and is sent to a mental asylum.

Fifteen years later, on Christmas Eve, Billy, now 35, escapes from his cell and heads to his former home, now a sorority house for Delta Alpha Kappa at Clemson University outside Boston. At the house, Clair Crosby, one of the sorority girls, is murdered in her bedroom by an unknown figure. Meanwhile, Megan Helms begins to hear noises and goes up to the attic to investigate. Upon finding Clair's body in a rocking chair, Megan is attacked and killed by the same assailant. In the living room, the other sorority sisters, Kelli Presley, Melissa Kitt, Heather Fitzgerald, Dana Mathis and Lauren Hannon, along with their housemother Mrs. Mac, receive a threatening call from a stranger.

Clair's half-sister Leigh Colvin soon arrives, searching for her. The withdrawn Eve Agnew presents Heather with a glass unicorn before leaving the sorority house to go home for the holidays. Meanwhile, Kelli's boyfriend, Kyle Autry, arrives but is kicked out when Kelli discovers a video of he and Megan having sex. When the lights suddenly go out, Dana goes to check the power under the house, but encounters the figure in the crawlspace and is dragged underneath and killed with a garden fork. The girls in the house subsequently receive an indecipherable call from Dana's cell phone. Outside while searching for Dana, they find Eve's severed head in her car.

With the police unable to arrive in time due to a snow storm, Kelli, Melissa and Leigh decide to stay inside the house whilst Heather and Mrs. Mac flee. In the car, Heather is murdered, and Mrs. Mac is impaled by a falling icicle. While Kelli and Leigh descend to the garage to investigate, Melissa is attacked and killed by an assailant with a pair of ice skates. Kelli and Leigh return upstairs and find Lauren's eyeless corpse in bed. Kyle returns to the house, and the three go to investigate the attic; while ascending the ladder, Kyle is dragged into the attic and stabbed to death. The killer is revealed to be Agnes, now an adult; Kelli and Leigh watch in horror as Billy appears in the attic as well. Agnes, along with Billy, attacks Kelli, knocking three of them into the empty space between the walls of the house.

Kelli and Leigh manage to escape before starting a fire, and leave Billy and Agnes to burn to death. Later, Kelli and Leigh recover at the hospital. Billy, who is partially burned, kills the morgue assistant. While Kelli goes for an x-ray, Agnes (also survived from being burned to death) appears in her hospital room and kills Leigh. When Kelli returns to her room, Agnes appears through the ceiling and attacks her, but Kelli uses a defibrillator to kill Agnes. Moments later, Billy enters through the ceiling and chases Kelli to the stairwell. They briefly fight, ending with Kelli pushing Billy off the railing where he is subsequently impaled on the tip of a Christmas tree, killing him.

Cast

Production

Writing

I think a slasher movie is really a modern monster movie. The difference between the Val Lewton movies [and] I Was a Teenage Werewolf is just exploitation.

Morgan on his concepts of slasher films, 2006[7]

After his debut feature, Willard (2003)—a remake of an earlier 1971 film—failed to perform well at the box office, Morgan was approached by Dimension Films to write and direct a remake of Black Christmas (1974).[7] Morgan was a fan of the original film, and cited it as a predecessor to the modern slasher film, which influenced his decision to commit to the remake.[8] Star Crystal Lowe noted Morgan's admiration and aim to "take the film to a different level," while "respecting the fact that [the original] was a great movie to begin with."[8]

Morgan was inspired by the crimes of serial killer Edmund Kemper when writing the film.

In conceiving a new script, Morgan had intended to rework elements of the original film that were left ambiguous or implied, such as the cryptic phone calls received by the sorority house.[8] While writing the screenplay, Morgan received input from the film's original director, Bob Clark, who also signed on to co-produce the remake.[8] Clark gave Morgan his "blessing," stating in an interview that the remake was "still Black Christmas," but explored new subplots that had not been fleshed out in the 1974 film.[8]

Morgan created an extensive subplot for the film's killer, Billy, which introduced a secondary killer in Billy's younger sister, Agnes (in the original film, the names Billy and Agnes figure prominently in the obscene calls received by the sorority sisters).[8][9] In writing the character of Billy, Morgan was inspired by the life of Edmund Kemper, a real-life serial killer who as a child had been locked in the basement of his home by his mother, whom he later murdered.[8] The introduction of Agnes as a second killer was, according to Mary Elizabeth Winstead, incorporated in-part to extend the film's narrative arc, given that the "phone calls coming from inside the house" plot twist from the 1974 film was too familiar for contemporary audiences.[8] The relationship between Billy and Agnes also allowed Morgan room to explore themes of family, which are also prevalent in the relationships between the female characters.[8] In a 2014 interview with Morgan, he claimed that his inclusion of a second killer was under the urging of Dimension Films executives: "I felt that a ten million dollar movie of Black Christmas didn’t need anyone’s help, and they should have left us alone. But they had to have the two killers, and then they were after kids from The O.C. We compromised a lot."[10]

Casting

In casting the sorority sister characters, Morgan sought actresses who were "of the same calibre," in order to avoid typecasting of the final girl and the supporting characters.[8] Katie Cassidy, who also had recently had a supporting part in the When a Stranger Calls remake, was cast in the lead role of Kelli Presley.[8] Michelle Trachtenberg, who had gained notoriety for her role as Dawn Summers on Buffy the Vampire Slayer, had initially wanted to avoid returning to the horror genre unless she were "given the opportunity to die" onscreen.[7] Trachtenberg read the script for the film in the middle of the night while alone in her home, and was unnerved by it, which influenced her decision to sign onto the project; she was cast in the supporting role of Melissa Kitt.[7] Canadian actress Crystal Lowe was cast as Lauren Hannon, a feisty sorority sister from a dysfunctional family,[8] while Lacey Chabert was cast in the role of Dana Mathis, a conceited woman from a privileged background.[8]

Oliver Hudson was cast as Kyle Autry, the male lead and red herring[8] after finding the script effective, as well being impressed by Morgan's remake of Willard: "The style of [that film] complemented the script, and I thought if Glen could marry the two, it would be cool, and a little different."[11] Andrea Martin, who had played the role of Phyllis in the 1974 film, was cast as the sorority housemother, Mrs. Mac.[8]

Filming

Black Christmas was shot on location in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.[8] Given that a great deal of the film takes place during a blackout inside a home, the cinematographers and lighting department were forced to find inventive ways to achieve appropriate lighting on the actors, which included cutting holes in the walls.[8] The film's prominent exhibition of Christmas decorations and its overtly red color palette were deliberately chosen by Morgan, who wanted to evoke an "American Christmas," which he characterized as being a cross between "Washington Irving and Coca-Cola."[8]

On her first day of shooting during a fight scene with the killer, Lacey Chabert injured her leg and had to fly to Los Angeles to see a doctor; however, she was able to return to the set the following day and continue filming.[8]

Studio intervention

Harvey Weinstein demanded that the film's original ending be altered and had additional footage shot for television spots.

According to Morgan, he and James Wong had various disputes with Dimension Films executives Bob and Harvey Weinstein, specifically about the film's tone and the way it should end.[12] Morgan's original script ended with Kelli and Leigh in the hospital receiving a phone call from Billy, whom they believed to be dead; this scene, which Morgan filmed, was intended to pay homage to the conclusion of the original film.[13] This ending, however, was scrapped by Bob Weinstein, who requested Morgan write and shoot a different ending. This ultimately resulted in the more violent conclusion that appears in the theatrical cut, which has Billy being impaled on the hospital's Christmas tree-topper.[12]

As a result of various cuts made during post-production, there are at least two different cuts of Black Christmas that exist: one which was released in Europe and one which was released in North America, which feature slight variations.[14] The European cut, which is four minutes shorter than the North American cut,[3] features an alternate death scene and ending.[15][16]

After the production in Vancouver concluded, Bob and Harvey Weinstein oversaw the shooting of additional footage in Los Angeles intended only for promotional materials.[17][18] According to Morgan, he was contacted by the Weinsteins, who wanted to "pick up some shots for TV spots", to which he agreed.[10] Among the footage shot was Lacey Chabert being dragged through the snow; footage of a woman falling from the roof, where there is a "weird lawnmower electric [Christmas] light thing";[10] an unidentified woman (played by Jillian Murray)[18] discovering a woman floating beneath a frozen lake;[19] Michelle Trachtenberg aiming a shotgun and saying "Merry Christmas, motherfucker" into the camera;[19] and additional shots of Trachtenberg in a hallway holding a shotgun while Billy levitates above her on the ceiling.[20] This footage, which was never incorporated into the film, did appear in the official theatrical trailer as well as television spots.[18]

Release

Black Christmas had its premiere in Los Angeles on December 19, 2006.[21] The Weinstein Company (parent of the film's production company and co-distributor, Dimension Films) chose to give the film in a wide theatrical release on Christmas Day 2006.[22] Distributor Dimension Films had reportedly chosen to release the film on Christmas Day based upon the box office success of Wolf Creek, released in the United States by Dimension on Christmas 2005.[23]

The film was released earlier in the United Kingdom, however, premiering on December 15, 2006.[24] In the United States, the film was not screened for critics.[25]

Release date controversy

The film drew backlash from Christian groups because of the studio's decision to release the film on Christmas Day.[26] Several groups, including Liberty Counsel and Operation "Just Say Merry Christmas", called the film "offensive," "ill-founded," and "insensitive."[27] L.A. Weekly columnist Nikki Finke also questioned the filmmakers' decision to release the film on Christmas, writing for Deadline: "And the entertainment industry wonders why it continues to have a huge PR problem as promoters of garbage? Showbiz marketing calls this counter-programming. Still, I don't understand: just how many disturbed human beings does The Weinstein Company and MGM think actually want to go see a gory movie on December 25th?"[28][29]

Dimension Films defended the timing in a press statement, stating: "There is a long tradition of releasing horror movies during the holiday season as counter-programing to the more regular yuletide fare."[30] Film historian Michael Gurnow, of The Horror Review, countered Liberty Counsel's complaint, writing, "such crimes occur throughout the year, including [at] Christmas," and cited both a mass murder and murder-suicide that occurred on Christmas Day 2005 in Virginia.[31]

Box office

Black Christmas grossed a total of $16.3 million in North America and $21.5 million worldwide.[6] The film earned $3.3 million in its opening weekend (December 22–5) showing in 1,278 theaters, and garnered an additional $4.9 million between December 29 and January 1, 2007, expanding to 1,544 theaters.[32] The film remained in U.S. theaters until February 2007, earning $1,563 for the weekend of February 9–11 (from a total of 4 theaters) before concluding its theatrical run.[32]

Critical reception

Mary Elizabeth Winstead attending the 2007 Scream Awards, where the film earned her a nomination for best Scream Queen.

The film holds a 14% approval rating on the internet review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, labeled "rotten" based on 58 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: "A gratuitous remake of the 1974 slasher, Black Christmas pumps out the gore and blood with zero creativity, humor, or visual flair."[33] On Metacritic, the film was given an average rating of 22/100 based on 17 reviews.[34] The film has been characterized by film scholars and critics as an example of a contemporary slasher film.[35]

Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times wrote of the film: "With a peephole-riddled set and a flashback-heavy screenplay, Black Christmas smothers terror beneath a blanket of unnecessary information, revealing too much and teasing too little. And despite some nifty camerawork — a shot of an asylum inmate gobbling Christmas dinner cuts seamlessly to a couple snogging in a car — the movie is a dismal Christmas card to its predecessor."[36] Sam Adams of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "Like an ugly tie or a pair of slipper socks, Black Christmas is destined to be forgotten the instant it's unwrapped, gathering dust until the season rolls around again."[37]

Jim Ridley of The Village Voice wrote: "The product itself isn't so much afterthought as afterbirth – a bloody mess to be dumped discreetly."[38] When compared to the original, Desson Thomson of The Washington Post calls it "a drab, unimaginative remake. [...] The remake neither pays perceptive tribute to the original nor updates it in anything but hackneyed form."[39] Joe Leydon of Variety goes on to say, "[...] there can be no argument regarding the scant merits of its slapdash, soporifically routine remake, suitable only for the least discriminating of gore hounds."[40] Jason Anderson of The Globe and Mail wrote, "Lazy, perfunctory and free of tension, the new version will satisfy neither the admirers of the original nor anyone looking for a gory respite from seasonal good cheer,"[41] while Michael Rechtshaffen of Reuters wrote: "There are a couple clever touches here and there, including one sequence in which the end of a candy cane has been carefully licked into a highly lethal weapon, but for the most part the accompanying histrionics feel more regressive than retro."[21]

Marc Savlov of The Austin Chronicle, however, said, "This film is an evocative, effective entry into the holiday blood-spray subgenre in its own right. And if it doesn't make your skin crawl ... you probably ate too much Christmas dinner."[42] Thompson also praised the acting of several of the lead performers, in particular Katie Cassidy, Michelle Trachtenberg, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Lacey Chabert, and Crystal Lowe.[39]

In the United Kingdom, Jamie Russell of BBC also praised the film, writing: "It's no Scream, but it lives up to its title, a black (comedy) Christmas movie, with halls decked with holly, mistletoe and a Christmas tree full of popped eyeballs. Unlike the recent When a Stranger Calls remake (which also starred Cassidy), Black Christmas has the smarts to be playful, with a choice selection of festive slasher gags pushing the envelope of bad taste: a candy cane's sucked into a stabbing weapon and angel-shaped cookie cutters do more than cut cookies. The result's an undemanding multiplex filler–a ho-ho-horror movie that knows it's the season to be jolly."[24]

Horror review website Bloody Disgusting gave the film three out of five stars and wrote that the film should not be compared to the original. The site concluded that the film is "a pretty good modern slasher."[43] The Radio Times also gave the film a favorable review, giving the film three stars out of five and calling the film a "cheeky but no less brutal remake."[44] For her performance, Mary Elizabeth Winstead was nominated for a Scream Queen award at the 2007 Scream Awards.[45]

In a retrospective by Fangoria, Ken Hanley said the film "benefits from solid and focused direction" and "wears its cringeworthy elements as a badge of honor."[46] Film scholar Jessica Robinson also praised the film's depiction of its female characters, writing: "The sorority sisters in Black Christmas are set up to be ideal females. They all have long hair, they are concerned with how they look, and they sit on the couch and file their nails. However, unlike stereotypical females, they also drink, cuss, and talk badly about their families."[47]

Home media

Black Christmas was released on DVD and HD DVD in the United States on April 15, 2007 by Genius Products. The DVD release, which was made available in widescreen and fullscreen versions, features an "unrated" cut of the film.[48]

As of 2017, the film has not received a Blu-ray release in the United States. However, in 2008, it did have a short-print Region A Blu-ray release in Canada, which contained the 90-minute R-rated North American theatrical cut of the film.[49] In Germany, the film received a region-free Blu-ray release that contained both the European and North American cuts of the film.[50]

The film grossed a total of $29,436,341 in DVD sales.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Black Christmas". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c "Black Christmas (2006) - BFI". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b "BLACK CHRISTMAS (15)". Pathé Distribution. British Board of Film Classification. November 21, 2006. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Black Christmas (Blu-ray). Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. 2006.
  5. ^ "Black Christmas". The Numbers. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b "Black Christmas (2006)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ a b c d Morgan, Glen (director) et al. (2006). May All Your Christmases Be Black. Black Christmas (DVD). Genius Productions, Inc. {{cite AV media}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |authors= (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Morgan, Glen (director) et al. (2006). What Have You Done? The Remaking of 'Black Christmas'. Black Christmas (DVD). Genius Productions, Inc. {{cite AV media}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |authors= (help)
  9. ^ Hantke 2010, p. 112.
  10. ^ a b c Vander Kaay & Fernandez-Vander Kaay 2014, p. 169.
  11. ^ "Katie Cassidy & Oliver Hudson". IGN. December 20, 2006. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  12. ^ a b Vander Kaay & Fernandez-Vander Kaay 2014, pp. 168–9.
  13. ^ Vander Kaay & Fernandez-Vander Kaay 2014, p. 168.
  14. ^ "Black Christmas". Movie-Censorship. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Melissa's Death (International version). Black Christmas (DVD). Deleted Scenes. Genius Productions, Inc. 2007. ISBN 1-594-44545-1.
  16. ^ Morgan, Glen (director) (2007). Black Christmas (DVD). Genius Productions, Inc. ISBN 1-594-44545-1.
  17. ^ Vander Kaay & Fernandez-Vander Kaay 2014, pp. 168–70.
  18. ^ a b c "10 Movie Trailers That Lied to You". Yahoo Movies UK. February 12, 2016. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  19. ^ a b Squires, John (December 5, 2016). "The Story Behind the Missing Scenes in the 'Black Christmas' Remake". Bloody-Disgusting. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  20. ^ Vander Kaay & Fernandez-Vander Kaay 2014, pp. 169–70.
  21. ^ a b Rechtshaffen, Michael (January 20, 2007). ""Black Christmas" a lump of coal in theaters". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  22. ^ ""Black Christmas" is Vintage Weinstein". Catholic League. January 26, 2007. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
  23. ^ Vander Kaay & Fernandez-Vander Kaay 2014, p. 170.
  24. ^ a b Russell, Jamie (December 13, 2006). "Black Christmas (2006)". BBC. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ "Not screened". The Baltimore Sun. December 25, 2006. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Falcone, Lauren Beckham (December 19, 2006). "Christian groups fume over Black Christmas". Boston Herald. Archived from the original on December 31, 2006. Retrieved November 8, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "Christian Groups Fume Over Christmas Horror Film". Contactmusic.com. WENN. December 15, 2006. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  28. ^ Finke, Nikki (December 10, 2006). "Weinsteins & MGM To Release Xmas Crap". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "Faith-Based Horror Film for Christmas?". Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ "Black Christmas not merry for religious groups". CBC. December 15, 2006. Archived from the original on August 9, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ Gurnow, Michael (December 15, 2006). "Why I Can't Discuss Glen Morgan's New Film, Because Liberty Counsel Says It's Rude: Race, Religious Tolerance, Ethics, and Aesthetics and the 21st Century Holiday Horror Film". The Horror Review. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ a b "Black Christmas (2006) - Weekend Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Black Christmas". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Black Christmas Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More". Metacritic. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ Hantke 2010, p. 48.
  36. ^ Catsoulis, Jeannette (December 27, 2006). "Psycho Killer Holiday Tip: Use Eyeballs as Ornaments". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ Adams, Sam (December 26, 2006). "Slay bells ring, but don't listen". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Ridley, Jim (December 26, 2006). "'Black Christmas'". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on January 16, 2009. Retrieved October 2, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ a b Thomson, Desson (December 26, 2006). "'Black Christmas' Butchers the Slasher Genre". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  40. ^ Leydon, Joe (December 26, 2006). "Black Christmas". Variety. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ Anderson, Jason (December 22, 2006). "Black Christmas *". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  42. ^ Savlov, Marc (December 29, 2006). "Black Christmas". The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  43. ^ "Black Christmas (remake)". Bloody-Disgusting. December 25, 2016. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ Russell, Jamie (December 15, 2006). "Black Christmas film review". Radio Times. Archived from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ Stein, Ruthe (October 14, 2012). "Winstead leaves slashers for 'Smashed'". SF Gate. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  46. ^ Hanley, Ken W. (December 5, 2013). "Santa Showdown: "BLACK CHRISTMAS (2006) vs. "SILENT NIGHT" (2012)". Fangoria. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  47. ^ Robinson 2012, p. 149.
  48. ^ Biodrowski, Steve (September 18, 2007). "Black Christmas (2006) – Film & DVD Review". Cinefantastique. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  49. ^ "Black Christmas Blu-ray: Black X-Mas - Theatrical Cut (Canada)". Blu-ray.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ "Black Christmas Blu-Ray (Germany)". Blu-ray.com. Archived from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved December 25, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ "Black Christmas (2006) - Financial information". The Numbers. Archived from the original on September 24, 2010. Retrieved December 25, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Works cited

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