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{{infobox military conflict
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = 15 August 1984 PKK attacks
| conflict = 15 August 1984 PKK attacks
| partof = [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Turkey–PKK conflict]]
| partof = [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Kurdish–Turkish conflict]]
| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| date = 15 August 1984
| date = 15 August 1984
| place = [[Şemdinli]], [[Hakkâri Province|Hakkâri]] and [[Eruh]], [[Siirt Province|Siirt]], Turkey
| place = [[Şemdinli]], [[Hakkâri Province|Hakkâri]] and [[Eruh]], [[Siirt Province|Siirt]], Turkey
| territory =
| territory =
| result = Start of the [[Turkey–PKK conflict]]<ref name="rferl">{{cite web|author=Jean-Christophe Peuch |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1060741.html |title=Turkey: Government Under Growing Pressure To Meet Kurdish Demands |publisher=Rferl.org |accessdate=29 March 2012}}</ref>
| result = Start of the [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Kurdish–Turkish conflict]]<ref name="rferl">{{cite web|author=Jean-Christophe Peuch |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1060741.html |title=Turkey: Government Under Growing Pressure To Meet Kurdish Demands |publisher=Rferl.org |accessdate=29 March 2012}}</ref>
| combatant1 = {{flag|Turkey}}
| combatant1 = {{flag|Turkey}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party 1978.svg}} [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK)
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party 1978.svg}} [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK)
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Kenan Evren]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Kenan Evren]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party 1978.svg}} [[Mahsum Korkmaz]]<ref name="kicadem">{{cite web |url=http://kicadam.home.xs4all.nl/kurdistan/2_99/ocalan.html |title=Abdullah Öcalan and the development of the PKK |publisher=Kicadam.home.xs4all.nl |accessdate=29 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324230847/http://kicadam.home.xs4all.nl/kurdistan/2_99/ocalan.html |archive-date=24 March 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party 1978.svg}} [[Abdullah Ekinci]]<ref>İsmet G. İmset, ''PKK: Ayrılıkçı Şiddetin 20 Yılı'', Turkish Daily News, 1993, {{ISBN|9789759571108}}, p. 105.</ref>
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party 1978.svg}} [[Mahsum Korkmaz]]<ref name="kicadem">{{cite web |url=http://kicadam.home.xs4all.nl/kurdistan/2_99/ocalan.html |title=Abdullah Öcalan and the development of the PKK |publisher=Kicadam.home.xs4all.nl |accessdate=29 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324230847/http://kicadam.home.xs4all.nl/kurdistan/2_99/ocalan.html |archive-date=24 March 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party 1978.svg}} [[Abdullah Ekinci]]<ref>İsmet G. İmset, ''PKK: Ayrılıkçı Şiddetin 20 Yılı'', Turkish Daily News, 1993, {{ISBN|9789759571108}}, p. 105.</ref>
| strength1 =
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 = 1 soldier killed<ref name="chronoloy">[[Turkish Weekly]] [http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/217/chronology-of-the-important-events-in-the-world-pkk-chronology-1976-2006-.html Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006073753/http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/217/chronology-of-the-important-events-in-the-world-pkk-chronology-1976-2006-.html |date=6 October 2010 }}, 13 September 2006</ref><br>2 police officers killed<ref name="rferl"/><br>7 soldiers wounded<ref name="chronoloy"/><br>1 police officer wounded<ref name="chronoloy"/>
| casualties1 = 1 soldier killed<ref name="chronoloy">''[[Turkish Weekly]]'' [http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/217/chronology-of-the-important-events-in-the-world-pkk-chronology-1976-2006-.html Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006073753/http://www.turkishweekly.net/article/217/chronology-of-the-important-events-in-the-world-pkk-chronology-1976-2006-.html |date=6 October 2010}}, 13 September 2006</ref><br />2 police officers killed<ref name="rferl" /><br />7 soldiers wounded<ref name="chronoloy" /><br />1 police officer wounded<ref name="chronoloy" />
| casualties2 = none
| casualties2 = none
| casualties3 = 3 civilians wounded<ref name="chronoloy"/>
| casualties3 = 3 civilians wounded<ref name="chronoloy" />
| notes =
| notes =
}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Kurdish–Turkish conflict}}
{{Campaignbox Kurdish–Turkish conflict}}


The '''15 August 1984 PKK attacks''', which were led by [[Mahsum Korkmaz]] (known as "Agit"),<ref name="kicadem"/> marked the start of the last phase of [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict]].<ref name="rferl"/><ref name="kicadem"/>
The '''15 August 1984 PKK attacks''', which were led by [[Mahsum Korkmaz]] (known as "Agit"),<ref name="kicadem" /> marked the start of the last phase of [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Kurdish–Turkish conflict]].<ref name="rferl" /><ref name="kicadem" />


Since the PKK's second party Congress, which was held from 20 to 25 August 1982 in [[Daraa]], Syria, it was decided that the PKK would start preparing for an insurgency inside Turkey. Training camps were opened in Syria and in [[Lebanon]]'s [[Beqaa Valley]] and propaganda teams were sent across the border to make contact with the local populations. After years of preparation, the PKK launched its first major attacks on 15 August 1984.<ref name="rferl"/><ref name="kicadem"/><ref name="chronoloy"/> The attack was led by the founder of the PKK's military wing.<ref name="kicadem"/>
Since the PKK's second party Congress, which was held from 20 to 25 August 1982 in [[Daraa]], Syria, it was decided that the PKK would start preparing for an insurgency inside Turkey. Training camps were opened in Syria and in [[Lebanon]]'s [[Beqaa Valley]] and propaganda teams were sent across the border to make contact with the local populations. After years of preparation, the PKK launched its first major attacks on 15 August 1984.<ref name="rferl" /><ref name="kicadem" /><ref name="chronoloy" /> The attack was led by the founder of the PKK's military wing.<ref name="kicadem" />


PKK forces attacked the gendarmerie station in [[Eruh]] in [[Siirt Province|Siirt]] and killed one gendarmerie soldier and injured six soldiers and three civilians. Simultaneously, PKK forces attacked a gendarmerie open-air facility, officer housings and a gendarmerie station in [[Şemdinli]], [[Hakkâri Province|Hakkâri]]<ref name="chronoloy"/> and killed two police officers<ref name="rferl"/> and injured one police officer and a soldier.<ref name="chronoloy"/>
PKK forces attacked the gendarmerie station in [[Eruh]] in [[Siirt Province|Siirt]] and killed one gendarmerie soldier and injured six soldiers and three civilians. Simultaneously, PKK forces attacked a gendarmerie open-air facility, officer housings and a gendarmerie station in [[Şemdinli]], [[Hakkâri Province|Hakkâri]]<ref name="chronoloy" /> and killed two police officers<ref name="rferl" /> and injured one police officer and a soldier.<ref name="chronoloy" />


Initially, Turkish authorities did not take the attacks seriously,<ref name="conflict">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QuQBdYSc4d8C&pg=PA16 |title=The Kurdish Conflict: International Humanitarian Law and Post-Conflict |publisher=Books.google.nl |accessdate=29 March 2012}}</ref> however the attack was followed up by a raid on a police station in Siirt on 17 August,<ref name="chronoloy"/> which was soon followed by an attack that killed three of General [[Kenan Evren]]'s Presidential Guards in [[Yüksekova]] and an ambush which killed 8 Turkish soldiers in [[Çukurca]], in Hakkâri province.<ref name="conflict"/>
Initially, Turkish authorities did not take the attacks seriously,<ref name="conflict">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QuQBdYSc4d8C&pg=PA16 |title=The Kurdish Conflict: International Humanitarian Law and Post-Conflict |publisher=Books.google.nl |accessdate=29 March 2012}}</ref> however the attack was followed up by a raid on a police station in Siirt on 17 August,<ref name="chronoloy" /> which was soon followed by an attack that killed three of General [[Kenan Evren]]'s Presidential Guards in [[Yüksekova]] and an ambush which killed 8 Turkish soldiers in [[Çukurca]], in Hakkâri province.<ref name="conflict" />


Insurgent violence in the predominantly [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] South-East of Turkey escalated heavily after the attacks.<ref name="kicadem"/> Around 2,500 people were killed during the conflict between the 15 August 1984 and 1991. This number rose to 17,500 between 1991 and 1992<ref name="casualty years">[http://www.fas.org/asmp/profiles/turkey_background_kurds.htm The Kurds in Turkey] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018011530/http://www.fas.org/asmp/profiles/turkey_background_kurds.htm |date=18 October 2010 }}</ref> and the Turkish state puts the number of people killed by the insurgency at 44,000 as of September 2008.<ref name=hurriyet9914612>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/9914612.asp?gid=0&srid=0&oid=0&l=1 |accessdate=17 September 2008 |title=Bir dönemin acı bilançosu |work=[[Hürriyet]] |date=16 September 2008 |language=Turkish}}</ref>
Insurgent violence in the predominantly [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] South-East of Turkey escalated heavily after the attacks.<ref name="kicadem" /> Around 2,500 people were killed during the conflict between the 15 August 1984 and 1991. This number rose to 17,500 between 1991 and 1992<ref name="casualty years">[http://www.fas.org/asmp/profiles/turkey_background_kurds.htm The Kurds in Turkey] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018011530/http://www.fas.org/asmp/profiles/turkey_background_kurds.htm |date=18 October 2010 }}</ref> and the Turkish state puts the number of people killed by the insurgency at 44,000 as of September 2008.<ref name=hurriyet9914612>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/9914612.asp?gid=0&srid=0&oid=0&l=1 |accessdate=17 September 2008 |title=Bir dönemin acı bilançosu |work=[[Hürriyet]] |date=16 September 2008 |language=Turkish}}</ref>


== See also ==
==See also==
* [[October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri]]
* [[October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri]]


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Turkey-Kurdistan Workers Party conflict}}
{{Turkey-Kurdistan Workers Party conflict}}

Revision as of 02:15, 3 January 2019

15 August 1984 PKK attacks
Part of Kurdish–Turkish conflict
Date15 August 1984
Location
Şemdinli, Hakkâri and Eruh, Siirt, Turkey
Result Start of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict[1]
Belligerents
 Turkey Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
Commanders and leaders
Turkey Kenan Evren Mahsum Korkmaz[2]
Abdullah Ekinci[3]
Casualties and losses
1 soldier killed[4]
2 police officers killed[1]
7 soldiers wounded[4]
1 police officer wounded[4]		 none
3 civilians wounded[4]

The 15 August 1984 PKK attacks, which were led by Mahsum Korkmaz (known as "Agit"),[2] marked the start of the last phase of Kurdish–Turkish conflict.[1][2]

Since the PKK's second party Congress, which was held from 20 to 25 August 1982 in Daraa, Syria, it was decided that the PKK would start preparing for an insurgency inside Turkey. Training camps were opened in Syria and in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley and propaganda teams were sent across the border to make contact with the local populations. After years of preparation, the PKK launched its first major attacks on 15 August 1984.[1][2][4] The attack was led by the founder of the PKK's military wing.[2]

PKK forces attacked the gendarmerie station in Eruh in Siirt and killed one gendarmerie soldier and injured six soldiers and three civilians. Simultaneously, PKK forces attacked a gendarmerie open-air facility, officer housings and a gendarmerie station in Şemdinli, Hakkâri[4] and killed two police officers[1] and injured one police officer and a soldier.[4]

Initially, Turkish authorities did not take the attacks seriously,[5] however the attack was followed up by a raid on a police station in Siirt on 17 August,[4] which was soon followed by an attack that killed three of General Kenan Evren's Presidential Guards in Yüksekova and an ambush which killed 8 Turkish soldiers in Çukurca, in Hakkâri province.[5]

Insurgent violence in the predominantly Kurdish South-East of Turkey escalated heavily after the attacks.[2] Around 2,500 people were killed during the conflict between the 15 August 1984 and 1991. This number rose to 17,500 between 1991 and 1992[6] and the Turkish state puts the number of people killed by the insurgency at 44,000 as of September 2008.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Jean-Christophe Peuch. "Turkey: Government Under Growing Pressure To Meet Kurdish Demands". Rferl.org. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Abdullah Öcalan and the development of the PKK". Kicadam.home.xs4all.nl. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ İsmet G. İmset, PKK: Ayrılıkçı Şiddetin 20 Yılı, Turkish Daily News, 1993, ISBN 9789759571108, p. 105.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Turkish Weekly Chronology of the Important Events in the World/PKK Chronology (1976–2006) Archived 6 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine, 13 September 2006
  5. ^ a b The Kurdish Conflict: International Humanitarian Law and Post-Conflict. Books.google.nl. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  6. ^ The Kurds in Turkey Archived 18 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Bir dönemin acı bilançosu". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 16 September 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2008.

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