Flora of Svalbard: Difference between revisions
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There are 164 [[vascular plant]] species in the [[Norway|Norwegian]] Arctic [[archipelago]] of [[Svalbard]]. This figure does not include [[alga]]e, [[moss]]es, and [[lichen]]s, which are [[non-vascular plant]]s. For an island located so far north, 164 species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life. Because of the harsh climate and the short growing season, all the plants experience slow growth . They seldom grow higher than 10 cm. |
There are 164 [[vascular plant]] species in the [[Norway|Norwegian]] Arctic [[archipelago]] of [[Svalbard]]. This figure does not include [[alga]]e, [[moss]]es, and [[lichen]]s, which are [[non-vascular plant]]s. For an island located so far north, 164 species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life. Because of the harsh climate and the short growing season, all the plants experience slow growth . They seldom grow higher than 10 cm. |
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In some areas, especially in warmer valleys, the plants flower in carpets of blossoms. Svalbard has been divided into four vegetation zones."The vegetation types vary greatly in Svalbard, from bone-dry steppes in Wijdefjorden, and almost sterile, gravel-dominated polar desert in the coldest areas, to the tundra landscape close to the settlements" |
In some areas, especially in warmer valleys, the plants flower in carpets of blossoms. Svalbard has been divided into four vegetation zones."The vegetation types vary greatly in Svalbard, from bone-dry steppes in Wijdefjorden, and almost sterile, gravel-dominated polar desert in the coldest areas, to the tundra landscape close to the settlements", <ref>http://www.arcticsystem.no/en/arctic-inc/vegetation.html</ref> "Svalbard is divided into three bioclimatic zones on the basis of the temperature conditions, the middle arctic tundra, the northern arctic tundra and the arctic polar desert".<ref>http://www.arcticsystem.no/en/arctic-inc/vegetation.html</ref> |
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==Plant species== |
==Plant species== |
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Revision as of 13:38, 4 January 2019
There are 164 vascular plant species in the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. This figure does not include algae, mosses, and lichens, which are non-vascular plants. For an island located so far north, 164 species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life. Because of the harsh climate and the short growing season, all the plants experience slow growth . They seldom grow higher than 10 cm.
In some areas, especially in warmer valleys, the plants flower in carpets of blossoms. Svalbard has been divided into four vegetation zones."The vegetation types vary greatly in Svalbard, from bone-dry steppes in Wijdefjorden, and almost sterile, gravel-dominated polar desert in the coldest areas, to the tundra landscape close to the settlements", [1] "Svalbard is divided into three bioclimatic zones on the basis of the temperature conditions, the middle arctic tundra, the northern arctic tundra and the arctic polar desert".[2]
Plant species
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- Arabis alpina[3] - Alpine rock-cress
- Arenaria pseudofrigida - Fringed sandwort
- Arnica alpina - Alpine arnica
- Betula nana[3] - Dwarf birch
- Braya purpurascens - Purplish Braya
- Campanula uniflora - Arctic harebell
- Cardamine nymanii - Polar cress
- Carex misandra - Sooty sedge
- Cassiope tetragona[3] - Arctic bell-heather
- Cerastium arcticum - Arctic mouse-ear chickweed
- Cochlearia officinalis - Scurvy-grass
- Deschampsia alpina - Alpine hair-grass
- Draba
- Dryas octopetala[3] - Mountain avens
- Empetrum nigrum[3] - Crowberry
- Erigeron humilis - Black fleabane
- Eriophorum scheuchzeri - Arctic cottongrass
- Luzula
- L. nivalis - Tundra wood-rush
- L. confusa - Arctic wood-rush
- Mertensia maritima - Oysterleaf
- Minuartia rubella - Alpine sandwort
- Oxyria digyna - Mountain sorrel
- Papaver dahlianum - Svalbard poppy
- Pedicularis
- P. dasyantha - Woolly lousewort
- P. hirsuta - Hairy lousewort
- Petasites frigidus - Lapland butterbur
- Poa alpina - Alpine meadow-grass
- Polemonium boreale - Boreal Jacobs-ladder
- Polygonum viviparum - Alpine bistort
- Potentilla
- P. chamissonis - Bluff cinquefoil
- P. hyparctica - Arctic cinquefoil
- P. pulchella - Tufted cinquefoil
- Puccinellia phryganodes - Cushioned saltmarsh grass
- Ranunculus
- R. hyperboreus - Arctic buttercup
- R. lapponicus - Lapland buttercup
- R. nivalis - Snow buttercup
- R. pedatifidus - Lobed buttercup
- R. pygmaeus - Pygmy buttercup
- R. sulphureus - Sulphur-coloured buttercup
- Rubus chamaemorus[3] - Cloudberry
- Salix
- Salix herbacea[3] - Snowbed willow
- Salix polaris - Polar willow
- Saxifraga
- S. aizoides - Yellow mountain saxifrage
- S. cernua - Drooping saxifrage
- S. cespitosa - Tufted saxifrage
- S. flagellaris - Whiplash saxifrage
- S. hieracifolia - Hawkweed-leaved saxifrage
- S. hirculus - Bog saxifrage
- S. nivalis - Alpine saxifrage
- S. oppositifolia - Purple saxifrage
- S. rivularis[3] - Brook saxifrage
- Silene
- S. acaulis - Moss campion
- S. furcata - Arctic Lychnis
- S. wahlbergella - Northern catchfly
- Stellaria
- S. crassipes - Chickweed
- S. humifusa - Arctic chickweed
- Taraxacum
- T. arcticum - Arctic dandelion
- T. brachyceras - Polar dandelion
- Vaccinium uliginosum[3] - Bog bilberry
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Fruit of Vaccinium uliginosum
References
- ^ http://www.arcticsystem.no/en/arctic-inc/vegetation.html
- ^ http://www.arcticsystem.no/en/arctic-inc/vegetation.html
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Alsos, I.G.; et al. (2007). "Frequent long-distance plant colonization in the changing arctic". Science. 316 (5831): 1606–1609. doi:10.1126/science.1139178. PMID 17569861.