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Revision as of 13:41, 8 January 2019

For the WWE brand featured on the program, see Raw (WWE brand).
For other uses, see WWE Raw (disambiguation).

{{Infobox television | show_name = WWE Raw | image = WWE RAW Logo 2018.svg | caption =

| genre =

| presenter =

| composer = CFO$ | producer = Vince McMahon
Kevin Dunn
Paul "Triple H" Levesque | writer = Ed Koskey
See list of Raw creative writers | creator = Vince McMahon | starring = Raw roster

| opentheme =

| country = United States | num_seasons = 26 | num_episodes = 1,337 (as of January 7, 2019 (2019-01-07)) | camera = Multicamera setup | runtime = 180 minutes (scheduled) | company = WWE | network = [[USA ] (January 11, 1993 (1993-01-11)–September 18, 2000 (2000-09-18); October 3, 2005 (2005-10-03)–present)
CBS (September 25, 2000 (2000-09-25)–September 26, 2005 (2005-09-26)) | picture_format = 480i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
720p (HDTV)
2160p (UHDTV) | first_aired = January 11, 1993 (1993-01-11) | last_aired = present | preceded_by = Prime Time Wrestling (1985–93)

| related =

WWE Raw, also known as Monday Night Raw or simply Raw, is a professional wrestling television program that currently airs live on Monday evenings at 8 pm ET on the USA Network in the United States. The show's name is also used to refer to the Raw brand, to which WWE employees are assigned to work and perform. The show debuted on January 11, 1993 and has since been considered as the flagship program of WWE.

Raw moved from the USA Network to TNN in September 2000,[2] which was rebranded to Spike TV in August 2003. On October 3, 2005, Raw returned to the USA Network, where it remains today. As of December 9, 2016, all episodes of the show, older than 30 days, are now available on demand on the WWE Network.

Since its first episode, Raw has broadcast live from 208 different arenas in 171 cities and towns in eleven different nations (the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Afghanistan in 2005, Iraq in 2006 and 2007, South Africa,[3] Germany,[4] Japan,[5] Italy,[6] and Mexico).[7]

Following the 1000th episode on July 23, 2012, Raw became a three-hour broadcast from two hours, a format that had previously been reserved for special episodes.[8]

History

Main article: History of WWE Raw
File:MondayNightRaw1992.png
Monday Night Raw logo used upon Raw's premiere

Beginning as WWF's Monday Night Raw, the program first aired on January 11, 1993 on the USA Network as a replacement for Prime Time Wrestling, which aired on the network for eight years. The original Raw was sixty minutes in length and broke new ground in televised professional wrestling. Traditionally, wrestling shows were taped on sound stages with small audiences or at large arena shows. The Raw formula was considerably different from the taped weekend shows that aired at the time such as Superstars and Wrestling Challenge. Instead of matches taped weeks in advance with studio voice overs and taped discussion, Raw was a show shot and aired to a live audience, with angles playing out as they happened.

Raw originated from the Grand Ballroom at the Manhattan Center, a small New York City theater, and aired live each week. The combination of an intimate venue and live action proved to be a successful improvement. However, the weekly live schedule proved to be a financial drain on the WWF. From Spring 1993 up until Spring 1997, Raw would tape several week's worth of episodes after a live episode had aired. The WWF taped several weeks worth of Raw from the Mid-Hudson Civic Center in Poughkeepsie, New York in April 1993, and again in June and October (from 1984–1986, the Civic Center was the home of another WWF TV show, Championship Wrestling). The first episode produced outside of New York was taped in Bushkill, Pennsylvania in November 1993 and Raw left the Manhattan Center permanently as the show would be taken on the road throughout the United States and had in smaller venues.

On September 4, 1995, the WWF's chief competitor World Championship Wrestling (WCW) began airing its new wrestling show, Monday Nitro, live each week on TNT, which marked the start of the Monday Night Wars.[9] Raw and Nitro went head-to-head for the first time on September 11, 1995. At the start of the ratings war in 1995 through to mid-1996, Raw and Nitro exchanged victories over each other in a closely contested rivalry. Beginning in mid-1996, however, due to the nWo angle, Nitro started a ratings win-streak that lasted for 84 consecutive weeks, ending on April 13, 1998.[9] On February 3, 1997, Raw went to a two-hour format,[9] to compete with the extra hour on Nitro, and by March 10, it was renamed to Raw Is War. It was also during the time Raw would be aired live more often (1 live raw, followed by 1 taped raw). After WrestleMania XIV in March 1998, the WWF regained the lead in the Monday Night Wars with its new "WWF Attitude" brand. The April 13, 1998 episode of Raw Is War, which was headlined by a match between Stone Cold Steve Austin and Vince McMahon, marked the first time that WCW had lost the head-to-head Monday night ratings battle in the 84 weeks since 1996.[10]

On January 4, 1999, Mick Foley, who had wrestled for WCW during the early 1990s as Cactus Jack, won the WWF Championship as Mankind on Raw Is War. On orders from Bischoff, Nitro announcer Tony Schiavone gave away this previously taped result on a live Nitro and then sarcastically added, "That's gonna put some butts in the seats", consequently resulting in over 600,000 viewers switching channels to Raw Is War to see the underdog capture the WWF Championship. This was also the night that Nitro aired a WCW World Heavyweight Championship match in which Kevin Nash lay down for Hollywood Hogan after Hogan poked him in the chest.

On June 28, 2000, Viacom won the landmark deal with the WWF to move all of its WWF programs stemming from the lawsuit action against WWF from USA Network.[11] The new television contract and the subsequent purchase of competitor WCW led to many changes in WWF's programming content. Raw Is War premiered on TNN (which later became Spike TV) on September 25, 2000.

WCW's sharp decline in revenue and ratings led to Time Warner selling selected assets such as the WCW name, tapes, and contracts to the WWF in March 2001 for $3 million.[12] The final episode of Nitro, which aired on March 26, 2001, began with Vince McMahon making a short statement about his recent purchase of WCW and ended with a simulcast with Raw on TNN and Nitro on TNT including an appearance by Vince's son Shane.[13] The younger McMahon interrupted his father's gloating over the WCW purchase to explain that Shane was the one who actually owned WCW, setting up what became the WWF's "Invasion" storyline. Following the purchase of WCW and the September 11 attacks, the program was retitled as Raw on October 1, 2001, permanently retiring the Raw Is War moniker.

In March 2002, as a result of the overabundance of talent left over from the Invasion storyline, WWF instituted a process known as the "brand extension", under which Raw and SmackDown would be treated as two distinct divisions, each with their own rosters and championships.[14] Shortly thereafter, the WWF was legally required to change the name of the company to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).

On March 10, 2005, Viacom and WWE decided not to go on with the agreement with Spike TV, effectively ending Raw and other WWE programs's tenure on the network when their deal expired in September 2005. On April 4, 2005, WWE announced a three-year deal with NBCUniversal to bring Raw back to its former home, the USA Network, with two yearly specials on NBC and a Spanish Raw on Telemundo.[15] On the same week as Raw's return to the USA Network, Spike TV scheduled Ultimate Fighting Championship's live Ultimate Fight Night in Raw's old timeslot in an attempt to go head-to-head with Raw.[16]

On the August 29, 2011 episode of Raw, it was announced that performers from Raw and SmackDown were no longer exclusive to their respective brand, thus effectively dissolving the brand extension.[17] On July 23, 2012, Raw aired its 1000th episode, which also began its permanent three-hour format.[18][19] On January 14, 2013, Raw celebrated its 20th year on the air.[20] On May 25, 2016, WWE reintroduced the brand split, and a new set with red ring ropes, a brand new stage, used at SummerSlam. Furthermore, the broadcast table was moved to the entrance ramp similar to how it was in 2002–2005.[citation needed] On January 22, 2018, WWE celebrated the 25th anniversary of Raw with a simulcast show at the Barclay's Center in Brooklyn and the home of the first Monday Night Raw, the Manhattan Center.[21] On the February 20 episode of Raw, six days before Elimination Chamber, seven participants of the men's Elimination Chamber match, Braun Strowman, Elias, Finn Bálor, John Cena, Roman Reigns, Seth Rollins and The Miz, were involved in a Gauntlet match that began with Reigns and Rollins. Strowman won the Gauntlet match by pinning The Miz in what was the longest match in WWE history, lasting nearly two hours.[22]

December 4, 2018 episode of WWE Raw, featuring a main event of Ronda Rousey teaming with Ember Moon in a winning effort over Nia Jax and Tamina drew the lowest rating in its history.[23]

Production

The USA Network version of the Raw modern titantron set that was used from October 3, 2005 – January 14, 2008

Raw's original set featured red, white, and blue ring-ropes, a blue ring-apron, blue steps, and a small stage made of neon tubes. Since March 10, 1997, broadcasts of Raw were split into two hours and given hourly names for television ratings purposes, with the first hour being referred to as Raw Is War and the second as War Zone in television listings, and by the show's on-screen graphics beginning with the June 9, 1997 episode. In 1995, the entrance way was changed to feature "Raw" in giant letters.

In 1997, WWF changed to red ring-ropes for Raw as well as Raw Is War being written along the ring due to their rivalry with WCW. They also updated the stage to feature a 70 foot tall large screen video wall known as the "TitanTron", which consisted a projection screen with several metal stage trusses and a video projector. The set also initially featured curtains on each side with truss beams and lighting later bearing the "WWF Attitude" banner on the sides. By 1999, the WWF added the "WWF.com: 'Download This!'" logo on the bottom of the TitanTron and added two vertical sides on the stage.

With Raw moving to TNN from USA in September 2000, the TNN network logo was added on top of the TitanTron. The Chyron graphics were added to the bottom in July 2001.

Beginning October 1, 2001, in direct response to the September 11 attacks, the first hour was referred to as Raw instead of Raw Is War and the second hour changed from the War Zone to the Raw Zone by the show's on-screen graphics; however, announcers would generally refer to the entire two-hour block as Raw on-air. Raw updated to a new, industrial-inspired, parallelogram-shaped TitanTron in 2002. When the War ended, they began advertising their website on the ring aprons instead. They occasionally used black ropes. Like the previous set, the TNN logo was relocated to the bottom side of the TitanTron which was then replaced by the Spike TV logo on August 11, 2003 upon network relaunch. During the July 25, 2005 broadcast of Raw in Cleveland, Ohio, a special stage design was built for the John Cena-Chris Jericho Battle of the Bands concert.

On October 3, 2005, as Raw returned to USA Network, the 2002 set was retained but the beams and lighting on the sides were modified. The Spike TV logo was removed from the bottom side of the TitanTron. No changes to the Raw set beyond October 9, 2006 when it unveiled the new logo and opening intro featuring "...To Be Loved" by Papa Roach as its theme song and scenes from New York City, the birthplace of Raw, with the ending of the intro shows the rooftop of Madison Square Garden. However, the logo and intro was retained until November 9, 2009 even with the changeover to high-definition broadcast on January 21, 2008, replacing the previous set which the "Minitron" was destroyed by Triple H when Vince McMahon's face was shown.

From November 16, 2009 – July 23, 2012, the theme song for the Raw brand was "Burn It to the Ground" by Nickelback.[24] Prior to this, the theme song for Raw was "...To Be Loved" by Papa Roach, which had been used since October 9, 2006 and "Across The Nation" by The Union Underground which was used from April 1, 2002 – October 2, 2006. The rap outro of "Thorn In Your Eye" featuring Scott Ian of Anthrax was the theme song from March 10, 1997 – March 25, 2002.

On May 17, 2012, WWE and USA Network announced that Raw would switch to a permanent three-hour format beginning with the 1,000th episode on July 23, 2012.[8] Since then, all three hours of the broadcast have been known solely as Raw, though they are still considered three separate programs for Nielsen ratings purposes (as indicated by the on-screen copyright notice shown near the end of each hour). In 2008, Raw went HD debuting a new stage. In 2010, WWE retired the red ropes for Raw after thirteen years for an all white scheme, and in 2012 became standard for all WWE programming. In 2012, Raw updated their HD set.[25]

Starting in mid 2014, this set would also be featured in pay-per-views. From late September through the end of October 2012, the middle rope at all WWE programming was changed to pink due to WWE's alliance with the Susan G. Komen organization for Breast Cancer Awareness Month.[26] This was repeated in 2013, from late September to early November, and it was repeated in 2014 from 29 September. WWE is one of many organizations who provide financial contributions as well as getting customers and employees to support the cause.[27]

On August 18, 2014, Raw switched to a full 16:9 letterbox widescreen presentation, with a down-scaled version of the native HD feed on a 4:3 SD feed. In conjunction with this, Raw updated its graphics package, with the new WWE logo (first used with the WWE Network's launch in February) now on the lower-right corner of the screen, right next to the word, "Live". Also, the new WWE logo is seen on the ring's turnbuckle covers. The USA Network logo has also been moved to the lower-left hand corner of the screen. Also, Raw's theme song ("The Night") was modified. On re-runs on the WWE Network and on delayed broadcasts for most international markets, Raw is edited without the word "LIVE" and the hashtag.

On March 23, 2015, WWE added a small LED board to the left side of the ring on Raw. This LED board was also used at WrestleMania 31. The LED board since is now on an on/off basis, featuring in some weeks and not others. On the 1,000th episode of Raw, "The Night" by Kromestatik debuted as the theme for Raw while "Energy" by Shinedown served as the secondary theme-song until August 18, 2014, when it was replaced with "Denial" by We Are Harlot.[28]

On the September 14, 2015 season premiere of Raw, the middle rope was colored gold. Throughout the month of October 2015, the WWE announcer table, entrance ramp and ring skirts were co-branded with Susan G. Komen for the Cure of Breast cancer.[29] Also the middle ring rope was pink to promote the fight against breast cancer.[29] On the November 16, 2015, episode of Raw, WWE had a moment of silence for the victims of the terrorist attack in Paris, France on November 13, 2015.[30] Another moment of silence was held months later in June for the victims of the Orlando nightclub shooting.

On July 25, 2016, the ropes returned to red, the announce table moved back to the top of the stage for the first time since 2005, and a new HD set and graphics were debuted. The new set was almost identical to the set used for SummerSlam 2012 and 2013. It received some negativity after the newly dubbed "New Era" was using an older set. The set was revamped just four weeks later with a more elaborate and distinctive design. The new set features the absence of a traditional TitanTron which had been custom since 1997. In its place is a curved LED banner with several rows of rectangle LED lights behind it. The new set also introduced LED floor panels on the entrance ramp along with LED ring posts. On the January 29, 2018 episode of Raw, new graphics and an updated logo were introduced.[31]

Theme music

Song title Written and/or performed by Dates used Ref
"Monday Night Raw" Jim Johnston January 11, 1993 – March 3, 1997 [32][33]
"Raw" Jim Johnston 1993–1995 [32][34]
"I Like It Raw" Jim Johnston 1995 [32][35]
"The Beautiful People" Marilyn Manson March 10, 1997 – March 24, 1997 [32][36]
"Thorn in Your Eye" WWE Superstars & Slam Jam March 31, 1997 – March 25, 2002 [32][37][38]
"We're All Together Now" WWE Superstars & Slam Jam March 31, 1997 – March 25, 2002 [32][39]
"Across the Nation" The Union Underground April 1, 2002 – October 2, 2006 [32][40]
"...To Be Loved" Papa Roach October 9, 2006 – November 9, 2009 [32][41][42]
"Burn It to the Ground" Nickelback November 16, 2009 – July 16, 2012 [32][43][44]
"Tonight Is the Night" Outasight July 23, 2012 (only used for Raw 1000) [32][45][46]
"The Night" Kromestatik July 23, 2012 – August 11, 2014 [32][47]
"The Night" (2014 Remix) CFO$ August 18, 2014 – July 18, 2016 [32][48]
"Enemies" Shinedown July 25, 2016 – January 22, 2018 [49]
"Born for Greatness"1 Papa Roach January 29, 2018 – present
Charge Up The Power2 Goodbye June January 29, 2018 – present
Notes
  1. ^ Bold song titles denotes that the song is currently being used as the show's theme.
  1. ^ Song is used during bumpers
  1. ^ I Like it Raw is the second theme for Tekno Team 2000
  1. ^ Song is used under the name Gang Rulz (V1)

Logo history

Logo Dates used Note
File:MondayNightRaw1992.png January 11, 1993 – April 7, 1997 The Raw is War variant was used from March 10, 1997.
File:RawisWar.jpg March 10, 1997 – September 24, 2001
File:WWF RAW Logo (2001-2002).svg October 1, 2001 – March 25, 2002 Following 9/11, the graphics from Raw is War were retained albeit from the name change to Raw.
File:WWE RAW Logo (2002-2006).svg April 1, 2002 – October 2, 2006 The WWF scratch logo remained affixed until April 29, 2002.
File:WWE Raw Logo (2006-2012).svg October 9, 2006 – July 16, 2012 The SmackDown-styled SuperShow logo was added from August 29, 2011.
File:WWE Raw Logo (2012-2016).svg July 23, 2012 – July 18, 2016 From August 18, 2014, the WWE logo was changed to the present one that is used on the WWE Network.
July 25, 2016 – Present The 3D variant was used until January 22, 2018.

Controversy

The name for Raw was disputed in June 2009 when Muscle Flex Inc., a Los Angeles-based fitness company, had taken legal action against the WWE after a court ruled that some of WWE's trademarks related to Raw were similar enough to the In the Raw trademark that they caused confusion among Canadians.[50] On June 18, 2008, the Canadian Intellectual Property Office then issued a final decision that found certain wares listed in the trademark application from WWE (No. 1,153,018) were confusingly similar and thus lacked distinctiveness from the Muscle Flex trademark, which Muscle Flex is in the process of acquiring. The WWE appealed the CIPO's ruling to the Federal Court of Canada, but failed to file the required documents by the deadline.[51]

In August 2009, the court ruled in favor of Muscle Flex, Inc. that it was successful in defending its In the Raw trademark against the WWE. In a press release date issued on July 20, 2009, Muscle Flex Inc. disclosed that it was in possession of WWE Raw-labeled items that it believes directly infringe on its In the Raw trademark such as various CDs, VHS tapes, and a number of apparel items. According to the WWE's most recent reported financial quarter in 2009, combined sales of WWE's consumer products and digital media business segments produced $40 million in global revenues. In previous quarters, these numbers were even higher.[52]

Similarly, in June 2017, the WWE issued an legal order to Raw Motors, an automobile repair company in Colwick, UK, over a logo that it claims infringes on one of its logos for Raw that was used from 2006 to 2012.[53]

Special episodes

Main article: List of WWE Raw special episodes

Throughout its broadcast history, the show has aired episodes that have different themes. Some of them are yearly events such as the Slammy Awards. Others include tributes to various professional wrestlers who have recently died or retired from actively performing, as well as episodes commemorating various show milestones or anniversaries.

On-air personalities

Main article: List of WWE Raw on-air personalities

The show features various on-air personalities including the wrestlers themselves (both males and females), ring announcers, commentators, and on-screen authority figures. Raw also has had various recurring on-air segments hosted by members of the roster.

Broadcast

In the United States, the show airs live on the USA Network. Raw and also airs Wednesdays on Universo in Spanish. Occasionally, Raw is aired on same-day tape delay when WWE is on an overseas tour. Raw is also shown live on Sky Sports Main Event and Sky Sports Arena, with replay shows airing on Sky Sports Arena in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[54] Raw aires live in India at 5.30 am in Tuesdays on Sony Ten 1.[55][56][57] Since October 6, 2014, Raw has been airing live throughout Latin America on Fox Sports.[58] The show also airs live on Supersport in South Africa on Tuesdays at 02:00 am CAT. Raw had aired in Australia on Fox8 since 2003, usually on a 27-hour tape delay, but has started airing live as of February 4, 2014.,[59] Syfy in the United States started airing a 2-hour replay of Raw on May 20, 2016. On June 26, 2018, WWE and USA Network announced a five-year contract extension for Raw. The new agreement for the live, weekly three-hour block will commence in October 2019.[60]

Online streaming

On September 24, 2012, Hulu Plus signed a multi-year deal with WWE to stream all of the company's TV shows and some of its web series which includes Raw. Episodes of Raw are available for viewing the following day as a condensed 90 minute version is available, not the full version as shown the previous night on the USA Network.[61]

As of December 9, 2016, all episodes of Raw are available on demand on the WWE Network. Recent episodes are available for on-demand viewing 30 days after the original air date.[62][63]

After Wrestlemania 32 in 2016, WWE began with airing the newest episodes of Raw and SmackDown on YouTube for countries that don't have WWE programming on traditional TV for free in less than 24 hours after the original broadcast (The links are blocked in countries where the shows are traditionally available). The 90-minute Hulu Plus version gets put on YouTube for international audiences.

Canada

From 1995 to 2006, Raw was shown on The Sports Network until it moved to rival sports broadcaster The Score (now renamed Sportsnet 360) after it was announced that TSN would be carrying Monday Night Football for the 2006 season. This meant that Canadian viewers would have to watch via tape-delay, as The Score did not broadcast Raw live at that time. Around that time, The Score aired Countdown to Raw until May 2013 when Raw is shown live to match the United States airtime.[64][65]

During its run on TSN, which aired live, occasionally had been censored live for extremely violent scenes, or when female wrestlers or characters were assaulted by male wrestlers (particularly one segment that featured the 3-Minute Warning assaulting Kitana Baker). These actions are supposed to be in order to meet Canadian broadcast standards, with repeat broadcasts often more heavily edited. This move had disappointed many wrestling fans over the years, and is unusual since the violence of wrestling scenes are not significantly different from other television programs aired on regular Canadian networks.[66][67]

All archived broadcasts of Raw are available on the WWE Network. Rogers Media secured the rights to Canadian WWE programming until 2024.

The Middle East

Raw airs in the Arab world on OSN Sports and MBC Action,[68][69][70] on FM1 in Iran and[71][72] on Sport 1 and Sport 1 HD in Israel.[73][74] Raw further began airing on D-Smart in Turkey.[75] WWE Raw on Abu Dhabi TV

Europe

Raw airs on AB3 in Belgium and is translated into Dutch, French, and German.[76][77] The show airs on Nova Sport in the Czech Republic and[78] on AB1 in France.[79][80]

Raw airs live on Sky Sport 1 and with German commnentary on ProSieben MAXX in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein on Wednesdays at 10 PM.[81] The show airs on Nova Sports 3 in Greece.[82]

Raw airs live on Sky Sport 2, Sky Sport 2 HD, with international version shows airing on Cielo TV in Italy in Italian.[83][84]

The show airs on Extreme Sports Channel in Poland.[85][86] It airs on SIC Radical[87] and on SIC K on Friday nights in Portugal.

Raw airs on Telekom Sport in Romania.[88] The show airs on Prva Srpska Televizija in Serbia.[89] It airs on Neox in Spain in Spanish.[90][91]

Raw airs on Diema Sport in Bulgaria.[92] The show airs on Televizija OBN in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[93] It airs on BTV in Lithuania.[94] Raw airs on Sky Sports Main Event, Sky Sports Arena and occasionally on Sky Sports Action in the United Kingdom.

Raw airs on 2×2[95] in the Russia.[96] in Russian

Asia and Pacific

Raw airs on Sony Ten 1 and Sony Ten 1 HD in Nepal .[72][72][97][98] It airs on MNC Sports 2 in Indonesia.[99]

Raw airs live on Sony Ten 1 HD and Sony Ten 1 in India. And airs exclusive in Pakistan and Sri Lanka.[72][100][101]

Raw streams live on Fox+ app with an encore telecast on Fox Sports 1 and on TV5 as a one-hour version in the Philippines.[102]

Raw airs live on SuperSport 2 HD in Singapore.[103]

Raw airs live on Fox8 and Thursday nights on 9Go! as a one-hour version in Australia.[104][105]

Raw airs live on J Sports 4 in Japan.[106]

Raw airs live on Sky 5 and Friday nights on Prime as a one-hour version in New Zealand. [107]

Raw airs in China on various local networks within China[108] and Videoland Television Network in Taiwan in both English and Thai.[109]

Raw airs in Hong Kong on ViuTVsix. Raw airs in Singapore on Star World.

Latin America

Raw airs live on Fox Sports in Mexico[58][110][111] and across Central and South America.[58][112][113] It also airs on La Red in Chile,[114][115] Unitel in Bolivia,[116] Canal Uno in Colombia,[114][117][118] Teleamazonas in Ecuador,[119] Andina de Televisión in Peru,[120][121] Repretel: Canal 11 in Costa Rica, Canal VTV in El Salvador,[58][122] Canal 5 in Honduras,[58][123] RPC Canal 4 in Panama[58][124][125] and Imagen Televisión in Mexico.[126]

South Africa

It airs live on SuperSport in South Africa.[127][128]

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