Help:IPA/Japanese: Difference between revisions
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IPA editor (talk | contribs) Younger speakers. |
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| align="left"| {{lang|ja|'''お'''に}} || '''o'''ni || ''st'''o'''ry'' |
| align="left"| {{lang|ja|'''お'''に}} || '''o'''ni || ''st'''o'''ry'' |
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|<big>{{IPA link|ɯᵝ|ɯ}}</big><ref name="u">{{IPA|[ɯ]}}, romanized ''u'', exhibits varying degrees of [[Roundedness|rounding]] depending on dialect. In the [[Tokyo dialect]], it is either unrounded or compressed ({{IPA|[ɯᵝ]}}), meaning the sides of the lips are held together without horizontal protrusion, unlike protruded {{IPAblink|u}}. |
|<big>{{IPA link|ɯᵝ|ɯ}}</big><ref name="u">{{IPA|[ɯ]}}, romanized ''u'', exhibits varying degrees of [[Roundedness|rounding]] depending on dialect. In the [[Tokyo dialect]], it is either unrounded or compressed ({{IPA|[ɯᵝ]}}), meaning the sides of the lips are held together without horizontal protrusion, unlike protruded {{IPAblink|u}}. |
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Younger speakers may realize this sound as {{IPA|ÿ}}.</ref> |
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| align="left"| {{lang|ja|'''う'''なぎ}} || '''u'''nagi || roughly like ''f'''oo'''d'' |
| align="left"| {{lang|ja|'''う'''なぎ}} || '''u'''nagi || roughly like ''f'''oo'''d'' |
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Revision as of 16:34, 9 January 2019
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Japanese on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Japanese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Japanese language and Okinawan pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPAc-ja}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Examples in the charts are Japanese words transliterated according to the Hepburn romanization system.
See Japanese phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Japanese.
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Notes
- ^ a b c d In dialects such as the Tokyo dialect, the voiced fricatives [z, ʑ] are generally pronounced as affricates [dz, dʑ] in word-initial positions and after the moraic nasal /N/ (pronounced [n] before [dz] and [ɲ] before [dʑ]) or the sokuon /Q/ (spelled ッ, only in loanwords). Actual realizations of these sounds vary among speakers (see Yotsugana).
- ^ a b c d When an affricate consonant is geminated, only the closure component of it is repeated: [kiddzɯ], [eddʑi], [ittsɯi], [kettɕakɯ].
- ^ a b A declining number of speakers pronounce word-medial /ɡ/ as [ŋ], but /ɡ/ is always represented by [ɡ] in this system.
- ^ [ɰ], romanized w, is the consonant equivalent of the vowel [ɯ], which is pronounced with varying degrees of rounding, depending on dialect.
- ^ The syllable-final n (moraic nasal) is pronounced as some kind of nasalized vowel before a vowel, semivowel ([j, ɰ]) or fricative ([ɸ, s, ɕ, ç, h]). [ɰ̃] is a conventional notation undefined for the exact place of articulation.
- ^ a b In many dialects including the Tokyo dialect, close vowels [i] and [ɯ] become voiceless (marked by a ring under the symbol) when surrounded by voiceless consonants and not followed by a pitch drop.
- ^ a b [ɯ], romanized u, exhibits varying degrees of rounding depending on dialect. In the Tokyo dialect, it is either unrounded or compressed ([ɯᵝ]), meaning the sides of the lips are held together without horizontal protrusion, unlike protruded [u]. Younger speakers may realize this sound as ÿ.
- ^ A pitch drop may occur only once per word and does not occur in all words. The mora before a pitch drop has a high pitch. When it occurs at the end of a word, the following grammatical particle has a low pitch.