Neottia nidus-avis: Difference between revisions

Bird's-nest orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Genus:	Neottia
Species:	N. nidus-avis
Binomial name
	Neottia nidus-avis; (L.) Rich.
Synonyms
	Ophrys nidus-avis L.; Epipactis nidus-avis (L.) Crantz; Listera nidus-avis (L.) Curtis; Helleborine nidus-avis (L.) F.W.Schmidt; Malaxis nidus-avis (L.) Bernh.; Serapias nidus-avis (L.) Steud.; Neottidium nidus-avis (L.) Schltdl.; Distomaea nidus-avis (L.) Spenn.; Helleborine succulenta F.W.Schmidt; Neottia macrostelis Peterm.; Neottia squamosa Dulac; Neottia orobanchoidea St.-Lag.; Neottia nidus-avis f. glandulosa Beck; Neottia nidus-avis f. dilatata Zapal.; Neottia nidus-avis f. micrantha Zapal.;

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Neottia nidus-avis, the bird's-nest orchid, is a non-photosynthetic orchid, native to Europe, Russia and some parts of the Middle East. ^[1] (Codes) ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Description

Neottia nidus-avis grows to 40cm tall and each shoot can carry up to 60 flowers. Plants are not in any part green, deriving all their nutrition from a mycorrhizal fungus in the soil/litter, which in turn derives nutrition from the roots of trees.^[10]^[11] Plants are generally beige-brown, though sometimes yellowish or white forms are discovered. The flower labellum splits and strongly diverges at its lower end. This species of orchid can be hard to spot, being camouflaged against the leaf litter.

Across Europe, this species flowers May-June.^[12]^[13]

Distribution and habitat

It is widespread across most of Europe, occurring also in Algeria, Tunisia, western Siberia, the Caucasus, Iran and Turkey.

In the British Isles, Neottia nidus-avis is found in shady woodland, especially beech, on basic soils.^[14]

Conservation status in the UK is near-threatened.^[15]

Ecology

Neottia nidus-avis has been found to flourish only in partnership with mycorrhizal fungi in the genus Sebacina, particularly Sebacina dimitica in the UK.^[16]

Pollination is carried out by Diptera and possibly also ants. Self-pollination may occur if insects do not pollinate the plants.^[17]

Taxonomy

The Latin binomial Neottia nidus-avis, as well as the common names of this orchid in several languages, derive from a comparison of the tangled roots of the plant to a bird's nest.^[18]^[19]

Twayblade orchids were recently reassigned to the genus Neottia after scientists found that they were closely related to N. nidus-avis.

References

^ ^a ^b "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families TDWG Geocodes" (PDF).
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Nido d'uccello, Bird's Nest Orchid, Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C. Rich. - Nomencl. ref.: De Orchid. Eur.: 37. 1817 includes European range map
^ Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2005). Flora Iberica 21: 1-366. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
^ Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
^ Curtis, T. & Thompson, R. (2009). The orchids of Ireland: 1-160. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Cultra, Holywood.
^ Vázquez Pardo, F.M. (2009). Revisión de la familia Orchidaceae en Extremadura (España). Folia Botanica Extremadurensis 3: 1-367.
^ Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
^ El Mokni, R., Mahmoudi, M.R. & El Aouni, M.H. (2010). Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C.M.Rich.: une nouvelle orchidée pour la flore de la Tunisie. L' Orchidophile. Revue de la Société Française d' Orchidophilie 186: 181-187.
^ First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis
^ Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis
^ First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis
^ Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis
^ Clive A. Stace (2010). "Neottia Guett. (Listera R. Br.) – twayblades". New Flora of the British Isles (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 864–865. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.
^ Wildlife Trusts - Birds Nest Orchid
^ New Phytologist - Symbiotic germination and development of the myco‐heterotrophic orchid Neottia nidus‐avis in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Sebacina spp.
^ An Atlas of Orchid Pollination: European Orchids
^ First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis
^ Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis

External links

Media related to Neottia nidus-avis at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Neottia nidus-avis at Wikispecies
"Neottia nidus-avis". The Encyclopedia of Life.
Den virtuella floran - Distribution Note Neottia nidus-avis var. manshurica Kom., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 20: 528 (1901) is a synonym of the accepted name Neottia papilligera Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 356 (1920).
NatureGate, Bird's Nest Orchid, Neottia nidus-avis
First Nature, Neottia nidus-avis - Bird's-nest Orchid - (Orchidaceae)
Storczykowate: Gnieźnik leśny / Neottia nidus-avis video on Neottia nidus-avis; no dialogue, only photos of the plant plus some music

This Epidendroideae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[avis-1] "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".

[2] "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families TDWG Geocodes" (PDF).

[3] Altervista Flora Italiana, Nido d'uccello, Bird's Nest Orchid, Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C. Rich. - Nomencl. ref.: De Orchid. Eur.: 37. 1817 includes European range map

[4] Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2005). Flora Iberica 21: 1-366. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.

[5] Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Conspectus Florae Caucasi 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.

[6] Curtis, T. & Thompson, R. (2009). The orchids of Ireland: 1-160. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Cultra, Holywood.

[7] Vázquez Pardo, F.M. (2009). Revisión de la familia Orchidaceae en Extremadura (España). Folia Botanica Extremadurensis 3: 1-367.

[8] Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.

[9] El Mokni, R., Mahmoudi, M.R. & El Aouni, M.H. (2010). Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C.M.Rich.: une nouvelle orchidée pour la flore de la Tunisie. L' Orchidophile. Revue de la Société Française d' Orchidophilie 186: 181-187.

[10] First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis

[11] Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis

[12] First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis

[13] Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis

[Stace-14] Clive A. Stace (2010). "Neottia Guett. (Listera R. Br.) – twayblades". New Flora of the British Isles (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 864–865. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.

[15] Wildlife Trusts - Birds Nest Orchid

[16] New Phytologist - Symbiotic germination and development of the myco‐heterotrophic orchid Neottia nidus‐avis in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Sebacina spp.

[17] An Atlas of Orchid Pollination: European Orchids

[18] First Nature - Neottia nidus-avis

[19] Albiflora - Neottia nidus-avis

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 ==Ecology==
-''Neottia nidus-avis'' has been found to flourish only in partnership with [[mycorrhizal fungi]] in the genus [[Sebacina]], particularly ''Sebacina dimitica'' in the UK.<ref>[https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00372.x New Phytologist - Symbiotic germination and development of the myco‐heterotrophic orchid Neottia nidus‐avis in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Sebacina spp.]</ref>
+''Neottia nidus-avis'' has been found to flourish only in partnership with [[mycorrhizal fungi]] in the genus ''[[Sebacina]]'', particularly ''Sebacina dimitica'' in the UK.<ref>[https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00372.x New Phytologist - Symbiotic germination and development of the myco‐heterotrophic orchid Neottia nidus‐avis in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Sebacina spp.]</ref>
 Pollination is carried out by [[Diptera]] and possibly also [[ants]]. Self-pollination may occur if insects do not pollinate the plants.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kUGL1TAaEtEC&pg=PA185-IA2&lpg=PA185-IA2&dq=neottia+nidus-avis+pollinator&source=bl&ots=bW2pxMhE9V&sig=1glVwmwHxC861c4Na1OmL_tu-lA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiYvrLHnPneAhVRzaQKHWacCDI4ChDoATADegQIBxAB#v=onepage&q=neottia%20nidus-avis%20pollinator&f=false An Atlas of Orchid Pollination: European Orchids]</ref>