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== Protests ==
== Protests ==
Protests began in the capital [[Harare]] on 14 January 2019. In response the police and military launched a coordinated response that involved raiding the homes of some residents.<ref name="yahoo">{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/5-killed-zimbabwe-fuel-hike-protests-activists-083826020.html |title=Zimbabwe military quells fuel price hike protests; 8 killed |website=news.yahoo.com |language=en-US |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> In addition to Harare, disturbances were also reported in the cities of [[Mutare]] and [[Bulawayo]].<ref name="bbc2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46876397|title=Zimbabwe opposition office torched|date=15 January 2019|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> By the end of the day, the government reported that three people including one policeman had died in the protests.<ref name="busLiveP" /> Non-government sources reported that around 200 people were arrested and eight had been killed in the protests by police.<ref name="zimD" /><ref name="msn" /> The Zimbabwe Association of Doctors for Human Rights stated that 107 people were injured, many suffering from gunshot wounds to the head.<ref name="msn800" /> Indiscriminate acts of violence by the police on both protesters and bystanders were also reported<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/news-africa/2063751/watch-looting-of-zimbabwe-shops-ahead-of-crackdown/|title=WATCH: Looting of Zimbabwe shops ahead of crackdown|last=AFP|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> along with acts of looting by some protesters in Harare, Bulawayo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/news-africa/2062980/watch-looting-and-chaos-in-zimbabwe-as-angry-protesters-react-to-massive-fuel-hike/|title=WATCH: Looting and chaos in Zimbabwe as angry protesters react to massive fuel hike|last=Auntony|first=AFP / Fanuel Jongwe / Zinyange|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> and [[Kadoma, Zimbabwe|Kadoma]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news-fast-news/zimbabwe-strike-enters-third-day-as-excessive-force-criticised/|title=Zimbabwe strike enters third day as ‘excessive force’ criticised|last=January 2019|first=Mike Schüssler / 16|date=16 January 2019|website=Moneyweb|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref>
Protests began in [[Harare]] on 14 January 2019. In response, the police and military launched a coordinated response that involved raiding the homes of some residents.<ref name="yahoo">{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/5-killed-zimbabwe-fuel-hike-protests-activists-083826020.html |title=Zimbabwe military quells fuel price hike protests; 8 killed |website=news.yahoo.com |language=en-US |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> Beyond the capital, disturbances were also reported in the cities of [[Mutare]] and [[Bulawayo]].<ref name="bbc2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46876397|title=Zimbabwe opposition office torched|date=15 January 2019|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> By the end of the day, the government reported that three people including one policeman had died in the protests.<ref name="busLiveP" /> Non-government sources reported that around 200 people had been arrested and that eight had been killed in the protests by police.<ref name="zimD" /><ref name="msn" /> The Zimbabwe Association of Doctors for Human Rights stated that 107 people were injured, many suffering from gunshot wounds to the head.<ref name="msn800" /> Indiscriminate acts of violence by the police on both protesters and bystanders were also reported<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/news-africa/2063751/watch-looting-of-zimbabwe-shops-ahead-of-crackdown/|title=WATCH: Looting of Zimbabwe shops ahead of crackdown|last=AFP|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> along with acts of looting by some protesters in Harare, Bulawayo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/news-africa/2062980/watch-looting-and-chaos-in-zimbabwe-as-angry-protesters-react-to-massive-fuel-hike/|title=WATCH: Looting and chaos in Zimbabwe as angry protesters react to massive fuel hike|last=Auntony|first=AFP / Fanuel Jongwe / Zinyange|website=The Citizen|language=en|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> and [[Kadoma, Zimbabwe|Kadoma]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news-fast-news/zimbabwe-strike-enters-third-day-as-excessive-force-criticised/|title=Zimbabwe strike enters third day as ‘excessive force’ criticised|last=January 2019|first=Mike Schüssler / 16|date=16 January 2019|website=Moneyweb|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref>


During the protests, the government blocked access social messaging services WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter. Later the government blocked all access to the internet once it was noticed that people were using [[Virtual private network|VPNs]] to access news of the protests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itnewsafrica.com/2019/01/zimbabwe-kills-internet-over-protests/|title=Zimbabwe kills its internet over protests|last=|first=|date=16 January 2019|website=www.itnewsafrica.com|publisher=IT News Africa|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> The country's largest cellar provider [[Econet Wireless|Econet]] confirmed that the government issued a directive blocking all internet access during the protests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901160010.html|title=Zimbabwe: Econet Confirms Govt Directive to Block Internet - Masiyiwa Says Opposition Could Have Repealed Law During GNU|last=Bureau|first=U. K.|date=16 January 2019|work=New Zimbabwe (London)|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref>
During the protests, the government blocked access to social messaging services WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter. Later the government blocked all access to the internet once it was noticed that people were using [[Virtual private network|VPNs]] to access news of the protests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itnewsafrica.com/2019/01/zimbabwe-kills-internet-over-protests/|title=Zimbabwe kills its internet over protests|last=|first=|date=16 January 2019|website=www.itnewsafrica.com|publisher=IT News Africa|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> The country's largest cellular provider [[Econet Wireless|Econet]] confirmed that the government issued a directive blocking all internet access during the protests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901160010.html|title=Zimbabwe: Econet Confirms Govt Directive to Block Internet - Masiyiwa Says Opposition Could Have Repealed Law During GNU|last=Bureau|first=U. K.|date=16 January 2019|work=New Zimbabwe (London)|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref>


On the third day of the protests the civil society activist and pastor [[Evan Mawarire]] was arrested. Mawarire's lawyer stated that the government alleged that he incited violent protest on Twitter as the reason for the arrest. The [[Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai]] (MDC-T) stated that it's party leadership had been detained by security forces during the protests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/Zimbabwe/zimbabwe-police-arrest-prominent-govt-critic-pastor-mawarire-20190116|title=PICS: Zimbabwe police arrest prominent govt critic Pastor Mawarire|date=2019-01-16|website=News24|language=en|access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref>
On the third day of the protests the civil society activist and pastor [[Evan Mawarire]] was arrested. Mawarire's lawyer stated that the government alleged that he incited violent protest on Twitter as the reason for the arrest. The [[Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai]] (MDC-T) stated that its party leadership had been detained by security forces during the protests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/Zimbabwe/zimbabwe-police-arrest-prominent-govt-critic-pastor-mawarire-20190116|title=PICS: Zimbabwe police arrest prominent govt critic Pastor Mawarire|date=2019-01-16|website=News24|language=en|access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref>


The government blamed the MDC-T for the protests.<ref name="busLiveP" /><ref name="ewn1">{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/01/15/zimbabwe-fuel-protests-turn-deadly|title=Zimbabwe fuel protests turn deadly|last=AFP|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> MDC-T offices were attacked and torched during the protests with the MDC alleging that ZANU-PF supporters were responsible.<ref name="bbc2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901150073.html|title=Zimbabwe: MDC's Harvest House HQ Bombed - Lawyers Say Soldiers in Midnight Raids Against Civilians|last=Bureau|first=U. K.|date=15 January 2019|work=New Zimbabwe (London)|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> The government stated that government property and property owned by the ruling ZANU-PF party was damaged in the attacks and blamed MDC supporters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901150060.html|title=Zimbabwe: Updated - MDC Violence Leaves Trail of Destruction|date=15 January 2019|work=The Herald (Harare)|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref>
The government blamed the MDC-T for the protests.<ref name="busLiveP" /><ref name="ewn1">{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/01/15/zimbabwe-fuel-protests-turn-deadly|title=Zimbabwe fuel protests turn deadly|last=AFP|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> MDC-T offices were attacked and torched during the protests with the MDC alleging that ZANU-PF supporters were responsible.<ref name="bbc2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901150073.html|title=Zimbabwe: MDC's Harvest House HQ Bombed - Lawyers Say Soldiers in Midnight Raids Against Civilians|last=Bureau|first=U. K.|date=15 January 2019|work=New Zimbabwe (London)|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref> The government stated that government property and property owned by the ruling ZANU-PF party was damaged in the attacks and blamed MDC supporters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901150060.html|title=Zimbabwe: Updated - MDC Violence Leaves Trail of Destruction|date=15 January 2019|work=The Herald (Harare)|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref>


== Response ==
== Response ==

Revision as of 20:46, 16 January 2019

Zimbabwe fuel protests
Date14 January 2019 - ongoing
Location
Zimbabwe
Caused by130% increase in fuel prices
GoalsElimination of the fuel price increase
MethodsCivil resistance, demonstrations, protest marches, rioting, picketing
Parties
ZANU-PF-led government
Lead figures
Casualties and losses

The Zimbabwe fuel protests began in Zimbabwe on 14 January 2019 following a 130% increase in the price of fuel by the government of Emmerson Mnangagwa. Thousands of Zimbabweans protested price increase, increasing levels of poverty, the poor state of the economy and declining standards of living. The government responded with a coordinated crackdown that resulted in hundreds of arrests and multiple deaths.

Background

In an effort to improve the financial and fiscal situation of the country following the establishment of the Mnangagwa government in 2017, the government initiated a number of austerity policies in an effort to kick-start the moribund economy.[5] By October 2018, foreign currency shortages led to large scale business closures and shortages of imported commodities, including fuel.[6] This led to persistent fuel shortages, strikes by government workers, and a worsening economic environment.[7][8]

On 12 January 2019, the government of Emmerson Mnangagwa announced the price of fuel would be more than doubled in Zimbabwe by the Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Agency[9] as of midnight that night. Increasing the price of diesel from US$1.38 a litre to US$3.11 per litre and petrol from US$1.43 a litre to US$3.31 per litre representing an increase of almost 130% overnight.[7] It became the most expensive fuel in the world at the time.[3] Mnangagwa stated that the price increases were needed to reduce fuel shortages and illegal trading.[10] The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions called for a three-day strike in protest of the price increases.[3]

Protests

Protests began in Harare on 14 January 2019. In response, the police and military launched a coordinated response that involved raiding the homes of some residents.[11] Beyond the capital, disturbances were also reported in the cities of Mutare and Bulawayo.[12] By the end of the day, the government reported that three people including one policeman had died in the protests.[4] Non-government sources reported that around 200 people had been arrested and that eight had been killed in the protests by police.[2][3] The Zimbabwe Association of Doctors for Human Rights stated that 107 people were injured, many suffering from gunshot wounds to the head.[1] Indiscriminate acts of violence by the police on both protesters and bystanders were also reported[13] along with acts of looting by some protesters in Harare, Bulawayo[14] and Kadoma.[15]

During the protests, the government blocked access to social messaging services WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter. Later the government blocked all access to the internet once it was noticed that people were using VPNs to access news of the protests.[16] The country's largest cellular provider Econet confirmed that the government issued a directive blocking all internet access during the protests.[17]

On the third day of the protests the civil society activist and pastor Evan Mawarire was arrested. Mawarire's lawyer stated that the government alleged that he incited violent protest on Twitter as the reason for the arrest. The Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC-T) stated that its party leadership had been detained by security forces during the protests.[18]

The government blamed the MDC-T for the protests.[4][19] MDC-T offices were attacked and torched during the protests with the MDC alleging that ZANU-PF supporters were responsible.[12][20] The government stated that government property and property owned by the ruling ZANU-PF party was damaged in the attacks and blamed MDC supporters.[21]

Response

The MDC-T called on South Africa to intervene and criticised the government's violent response.[22] Human Rights Watch stated that the use of unlawful lethal force by the government should be investigated and those responsible should be prosecuted.[23] Zimbabweans in South Africa protested in support of the MDC's call for South Africa to intervene in with the Zimbabwean government to release arrested opposition leaders and restore access to the internet and other rights.[24]

South Africa's official opposition party the Democratic Alliance stated that the situation within Zimbabwe was so bad that the South African government should abandon its Mbeki era quiet diplomacy policy and intervene.[25] The Economic Freedom Fighters, a South African political party, issued a statement condemning the Zimbabwe government's violent response to the protests.[26] The South African government said it was monitoring the situation in Zimbabwe and stated its confidence that "measures being taken by the Zimbabwean government will resolve the situation."[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Zimbabwe police arrest 600 in harsh crackdown on protests". MSN. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b "'Eight killed and 200 detained in Zimbabwe crackdown on fuel price protests' – Amnesty International". The Zimbabwe Daily. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d "Zimbabwe military quells fuel price protests; several deaths". MSN. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d Smaita, Kevin (15 January 2019). "Panicky Zimbabwe government shuts down internet". www.businesslive.co.za. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  5. ^ Elias, Mambo (24 November 2017). "Mnangagwa plans major policy shift". The Zimbabwe Independent. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  6. ^ "Shops shut doors as Zimbabwe financial crisis deepens". www.iol.co.za. 9 October 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  7. ^ a b Ndlovu, Ray (12 January 2019). "Fuel price shock! Zim's petrol price to more than double". www.timeslive.co.za. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  8. ^ "Where you wait seven hours and still get no fuel". BBC. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  9. ^ "Protests follow massive Zimbabwe fuel price hike". www.defenceweb.co.za. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  10. ^ "Zimbabwe police fire tear gas as fuel price hike protest continues". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  11. ^ "Zimbabwe military quells fuel price hike protests; 8 killed". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  12. ^ a b "Zimbabwe opposition office torched". BBC. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  13. ^ AFP. "WATCH: Looting of Zimbabwe shops ahead of crackdown". The Citizen. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  14. ^ Auntony, AFP / Fanuel Jongwe / Zinyange. "WATCH: Looting and chaos in Zimbabwe as angry protesters react to massive fuel hike". The Citizen. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  15. ^ January 2019, Mike Schüssler / 16 (16 January 2019). "Zimbabwe strike enters third day as 'excessive force' criticised". Moneyweb. Retrieved 16 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ "Zimbabwe kills its internet over protests". www.itnewsafrica.com. IT News Africa. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  17. ^ Bureau, U. K. (16 January 2019). "Zimbabwe: Econet Confirms Govt Directive to Block Internet - Masiyiwa Says Opposition Could Have Repealed Law During GNU". New Zimbabwe (London). Retrieved 16 January 2019. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  18. ^ "PICS: Zimbabwe police arrest prominent govt critic Pastor Mawarire". News24. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  19. ^ AFP. "Zimbabwe fuel protests turn deadly". ewn.co.za. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  20. ^ Bureau, U. K. (15 January 2019). "Zimbabwe: MDC's Harvest House HQ Bombed - Lawyers Say Soldiers in Midnight Raids Against Civilians". New Zimbabwe (London). Retrieved 15 January 2019. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  21. ^ "Zimbabwe: Updated - MDC Violence Leaves Trail of Destruction". The Herald (Harare). 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  22. ^ Maughan, Karyn (16 January 2019). "Opposition MDC calls on Cyril Ramaphosa to intervene in Zimbabwe crisis". Business Day. Retrieved 16 January 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  23. ^ "Unlawful lethal force by Zimbabwe security forces should be probed - HRW | IOL News". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  24. ^ ANA. "Zimbabweans living in SA protest for Ramaphosa to intervene in Harare". The Citizen. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  25. ^ Dentlinger, Lindsay (15 January 2019). "SA govt must intervene in Zimbabwe crisis - Maimane". ewn.co.za. Retrieved 16 January 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  26. ^ "Malema's EFF 'extends its solidarity' with the people of Zimbabwe". Bulawayo24 News. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  27. ^ "South Africa 'monitoring' Zimbabwe as troops mount clampdown". www.timeslive.co.za. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

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