Pointing and calling: Difference between revisions
Marcus Cyron (talk | contribs) |
the Chinese variant and usage in other countries and industries |
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[[File:201812 China Railways Point and Call HXD3D-0683.jpg|thumb|Chinese train engineers do pointing and calling before train departs.]] |
[[File:201812 China Railways Point and Call HXD3D-0683.jpg|thumb|Chinese train engineers do pointing and calling before train departs.]] |
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[[File:Pointing and Calling Japanese Safety Standard at Railway Companies & Toyota (HD).webm|thumb|right|(video) different train operators and factory workers using Pointing and Calling.]] |
[[File:Pointing and Calling Japanese Safety Standard at Railway Companies & Toyota (HD).webm|thumb|right|(video) different train operators and factory workers using Pointing and Calling.]] |
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'''Pointing and calling''' is a method in [[occupational safety]] for avoiding mistakes by pointing at important indicators and calling out the status. It is common in [[Japan]] and railways of [[ |
'''Pointing and calling''' is a method in [[occupational safety]] for avoiding mistakes by pointing at important indicators and calling out the status. It is common in [[Japan]] and railways of [[China]]. It is sometimes referred to by its Japanese terms, ''shisa kanko'' ({{lang|ja|指差喚呼}}), ''shisa kakunin kanko'' ({{lang|ja|指差確認喚呼}}) or ''yubisashi koshō'' ({{lang|ja|指差呼称}}), and by its Chinese name, "指差呼唤 ([[Pinyin]]'': {{Pinyin|zhi3cha1 hu1huan4}}'')" Making large gestures and speaking out the status helps keeping focus and [[attention]]. The method was first used by train drivers and is now commonly used in Japanese industry. It is not common in other countries, though it is used in the [[New York City Subway]] system and many other systems built in Chinese standards, for example [[Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway|Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway]]. It is recommended by the [[Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association]] (JISHA, {{lang|ja|中央労働災害防止協会}})<ref name="japantimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/10/21/reference/jr-gestures/#.VL7Xg-d2MTk|title=JR gestures|last=Gordenker|first=Alice|date=October 21, 2008|publisher=[[The Japan Times]]|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/jica_archive/project/term/latin_america/mexico_2001_3.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20110716123642/http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/jica_archive/project/term/latin_america/mexico_2001_3.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2011-07-16|title=Terminal Evaluation - Latin America and the Caribbean|publisher=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref>, and a part of "Railway Management Regulations" in China<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://wenku.baidu.com/view/621c1de9172ded630b1cb6db.html|title=铁路技术管理规程（电子版） - 百度文库|website=wenku.baidu.com|access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref>. |
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Pointing and calling requires co-action and co-reaction among the operator's [[human brain|brain]], [[human eye|eyes]], [[hands]], [[mouth]], and [[ears]]. |
Pointing and calling requires co-action and co-reaction among the operator's [[human brain|brain]], [[human eye|eyes]], [[hands]], [[mouth]], and [[ears]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The method originated in Japan in the early 1900s, with train drivers calling out the status of signals. The pointing was added a few decades later.<ref name="japantimes" /> |
The method originated in Japan in the early 1900s, with train drivers calling out the status of signals. Back to that time [[Steam locomotive|steam locomotives]] were common in use, with loud noises, steam and smoke, making the cooperation between the two drivers difficult, and also making rail journeys dangerous. Drivers had to call out loud to make himself heard by the other one. The pointing was added a few decades later.<ref name="japantimes" /> During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Japanese occupation of China]] and the [[South Manchuria Railway]]'s operation, the system was introduced to China, which slightly changed to fit the Chinese Railway system. |
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== Usage == |
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The method is widely used in East Asia countries, especially in dangerous works i.e. elevator maintenance and railway operations. The Chinese variant became much more complex including pointing (using both forefinger and middle finger instead of forefinger only in Japan, used when checking signals, doors, speed and other major aspects) and caution (bending the right elbow by 90° and lifting the forearm upright, used when a checking procedure is finished or caution signals)<ref name=":0" />. |
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In Japan the pointing and calling has became a part of the railway culture, and is featured in many events like the opening of a new railway company, i.e. the departing ceremony of [[Osaka Metro]]. |
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==Effectiveness== |
==Effectiveness== |
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* 神戸鉄道管理局 "機関車乗務員教範" 1913年, pages 259-262 |
* 神戸鉄道管理局 "機関車乗務員教範" 1913年, pages 259-262 |
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* {{cite article |journal= International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics |volume= 43 |issue= 2 |date= March 2013 |pages= 129-136 |title= The effects of “finger pointing and calling” on cognitive control processes in the task-switching paradigm |author= Kazumitsu Shinoharaa, Hiroshi Naitoa (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University) Yuko Matsuib, Masaru Hikonob (Institute of Nuclear Safety System, Japan) |doi= 10.1016/j.ergon.2012.08.004}} |
* {{cite article |journal= International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics |volume= 43 |issue= 2 |date= March 2013 |pages= 129-136 |title= The effects of “finger pointing and calling” on cognitive control processes in the task-switching paradigm |author= Kazumitsu Shinoharaa, Hiroshi Naitoa (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University) Yuko Matsuib, Masaru Hikonob (Institute of Nuclear Safety System, Japan) |doi= 10.1016/j.ergon.2012.08.004}} |
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*"Railway Management Regulations(铁路技术管理规程)" 1992, China Railways |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 05:17, 19 January 2019
Pointing and calling is a method in occupational safety for avoiding mistakes by pointing at important indicators and calling out the status. It is common in Japan and railways of China. It is sometimes referred to by its Japanese terms, shisa kanko (指差喚呼), shisa kakunin kanko (指差確認喚呼) or yubisashi koshō (指差呼称), and by its Chinese name, "指差呼唤 (Pinyin: zhǐchā hūhuàn)" Making large gestures and speaking out the status helps keeping focus and attention. The method was first used by train drivers and is now commonly used in Japanese industry. It is not common in other countries, though it is used in the New York City Subway system and many other systems built in Chinese standards, for example Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway. It is recommended by the Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association (JISHA, 中央労働災害防止協会)[1][2], and a part of "Railway Management Regulations" in China[3].
Pointing and calling requires co-action and co-reaction among the operator's brain, eyes, hands, mouth, and ears.
History
The method originated in Japan in the early 1900s, with train drivers calling out the status of signals. Back to that time steam locomotives were common in use, with loud noises, steam and smoke, making the cooperation between the two drivers difficult, and also making rail journeys dangerous. Drivers had to call out loud to make himself heard by the other one. The pointing was added a few decades later.[1] During the Japanese occupation of China and the South Manchuria Railway's operation, the system was introduced to China, which slightly changed to fit the Chinese Railway system.
Usage
The method is widely used in East Asia countries, especially in dangerous works i.e. elevator maintenance and railway operations. The Chinese variant became much more complex including pointing (using both forefinger and middle finger instead of forefinger only in Japan, used when checking signals, doors, speed and other major aspects) and caution (bending the right elbow by 90° and lifting the forearm upright, used when a checking procedure is finished or caution signals)[3].
In Japan the pointing and calling has became a part of the railway culture, and is featured in many events like the opening of a new railway company, i.e. the departing ceremony of Osaka Metro.
Effectiveness
A 1994 study by the Railway Technical Research Institute showed that pointing and calling reduced mistakes by almost 85 percent when doing a simple task.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Gordenker, Alice (October 21, 2008). "JR gestures". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- ^ "Terminal Evaluation - Latin America and the Caribbean". Japan International Cooperation Agency. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "铁路技术管理规程（电子版） - 百度文库". wenku.baidu.com. Retrieved 2019-01-19.
{{cite web}}: no-break space character in|title=at position 14 (help)
Further reading
- 田辺肇 "危険予知活動実践マニュアル" 1984, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
- 今村一郎 "機関車と共に" 1962、ヘッドライト社, page 78
- 神戸鉄道管理局 "機関車乗務員教範" 1913年, pages 259-262
- Template:Cite article
- "Railway Management Regulations(铁路技术管理规程)" 1992, China Railways
External links
- AllAboutLean.com (Jan 4, 2014). Pointing and Calling Japanese Safety Standard at Railway Companies & Toyota. Youtube.
- "Concept of "Zero-accident Total Participation Campaign"". Japan International Center for Occupational Safety and Health.
- Yosef Lerner (Oct 30, 2013). The New York Subway Signs Experiment. Youtube.
In NYC, subway conductors have to point at a black and white sign to prove that they're paying attention. They do it at every hour, at every stop. It's kind of silly, so we decided to make their day.
- James Albright (Jun 22, 2017). "Adding Japanese 'Shisa Kanko' Techniques To Modern Cockpits". Aviation Week Network.
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